Studies on Early Allergic Sensitization in the Lithuanian Birth Cohort

Cohort studies are of great importance in defining the mechanism responsible for the development of allergy-associated diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Although these disorders share genetic and environmental risk factors, it is still under debate whether they are linked or develop sequentially along an atopic pathway. The current study was aimed to determine the pattern of allergy sensitization in the Lithuanian birth cohort “Alergemol” (n= 1558) established as a part of the multicenter European birth cohort “EuroPrevall”. Early sensitization to food allergens in the “Alergemol” birth cohort was analysed. The analysis revealed 1.3% and 2.8% of symptomatic-sensitized subjects at 6 and 12 months of age, respectively. The sensitization pattern in response to different allergens in the group of infants with food allergy symptoms was studied using allergological methodsin vivoandin vitro. The impact of maternal and environmental risk factors on the early development of food allergy in at 6 and 12 months of age was evaluated. Our data showed that maternal diet, diseases, the use of antibiotics, and tobacco smoke during pregnancy had no significant impact on the early sensitization to food allergens. However, infants of atopic mothers were significantly more often sensitized to egg as compared to the infants of nonatopic mothers.

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Environmental risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infections and the impact of latent infections on allostatic load in residents of Central North Carolina

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-018-3343-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrey I. Egorov ◽

Reagan Converse ◽

Shannon M. Griffin ◽

Jennifer Styles ◽

Elizabeth Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

North Carolina ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Latent Infections ◽

The Impact

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1459Socioeconomic position influence on the early-life individual exposome in the Italian NINFEA birth cohort

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Costanza Pizzi ◽

Chiara Moccia ◽

Giovenale Moirano ◽

Antonio d'Errico ◽

Milena Maule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Early Life ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Exposure Pattern

Abstract Background Early exposure to unhealthy lifestyles and environmental risk factors is known to affect health throughout the life-course. There is also evidence that the exposure patterns are influenced by the socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods We use the data of the Turin participants of the Italian NINFEA birth cohort (n∼2500) to study how family SEP drives the early life exposome. SEP at birth is measured through the EHII (Equivalized Household Income Indicator), while the exposome includes urban environment, diet and lifestyle exposures measured during infancy. We use standard regression models to evaluate the effect of EHII on each exposome variable accounting for multiple comparison and potential confounders (Drivers-Exposome Wide Association Study – DExWAS) and the hierarchical clustering on the principal components approach to identify groups with similar exposure pattern. Results The DExWAS show that low EHII is associated with lower consumption of fruit and vegetables, lower levels of NO2, building and facilities densities, traffic, walkability and connectivity index, higher land-use diversity index, and higher exposure to pets. The hierarchical cluster analysis identifies three groups, with subjects belonging to the cluster characterized by higher level of urban environment risk factors and a healthier diet having a higher mean EHII. Conclusions These SEP-early life exposome analyses will be replicated in several European birth cohorts participating in the H2020 ATHLETE and LifeCycle projects. Key messages In the Italian city of Turin children from low SEP family are exposed to higher levels of environmental risk factors and unhealthy lifestyles during infancy.

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Environmental risk factors and their footprints in vivo – A proposal for the classification of oxidative stress biomarkers

Redox Biology ◽

10.1016/j.redox.2020.101442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 101442 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pietro Ghezzi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers

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Genetic and environmental influences on last-year major depression in adulthood: a highly heritable stable liability but strong environmental effects on 1-year prevalence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717000277 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1816-1824 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. S. Kendler ◽

C. O. Gardner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Major Depression ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Diagnostic Error ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Time ◽

The Impact

BackgroundThis study seeks to clarify the contribution of temporally stable and occasion-specific genetic and environmental influences on risk for major depression (MD).MethodOur sample was 2153 members of female–female twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Registry. We examined four personal interview waves conducted over an 8-year period with MD in the last year defined by DSM-IV criteria. We fitted a structural equation model to the data using classic Mx. The model included genetic and environmental risk factors for a latent, stable vulnerability to MD and for episodes in each of the four waves.ResultsThe best-fit model was simple and included genetic and unique environmental influences on the latent liability to MD and unique wave-specific environmental effects. The path from latent liability to MD in the last year was constant over time, moderate in magnitude (+0.65) and weaker than the impact of occasion-specific environmental effects (+0.76). Heritability of the latent stable liability to MD was much higher (78%) than that estimated for last-year MD (32%). Of the total unique environmental influences on MD, 13% reflected enduring consequences of earlier environmental insults, 17% diagnostic error and 70% wave-specific short-lived environmental stressors.ConclusionsBoth genetic influences on MD and MD heritability are stable over middle adulthood. However, the largest influence on last-year MD is short-lived environmental effects. As predicted by genetic theory, the heritability of MD is increased substantially by measurement at multiple time points largely through the reduction of the effects of measurement error and short-term environmental risk factors.

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Genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of food allergy

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1097/01.all.0000168790.82206.17 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Bengt Björkstén

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Environmental Risk Factors

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Similar birth-cohort patterns in Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458517691620 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amnon Sonnenberg ◽

Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Time Trends ◽

The United States ◽

Environmental Risk Factors

Background: The etiology of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis is unknown. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are believed to play a role in both diseases. Objectives: To compare the long-term time trends of the two diseases and thus gain insight about their etiology. Methods: We analyzed mortality data of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis from Canada, England, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States during the past 60 years. Age–period–cohort (APC) analyses based on logit models served to disentangle the separate influences of age, period, and cohort effects on the overall time trends. Results: The long-term time trends of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis have been shaped by strikingly similar birth-cohort patterns. In both diseases alike, mortality increased in all generations born prior to 1910. It peaked among generations born between 1910 and 1930 and then declined in all subsequent generations. Similar birth-cohort patterns of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis were found in each country analyzed separately. Conclusion: The birth-cohort patterns indicate that the development of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis is influenced by exposure to environmental risk factors during an early period of life. These environmental risk factors may be similar or even identical in Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis.

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Initial cohort characteristics and protocol for SIGMA: An accelerated longitudinal study of environmental factors, inter- and intrapersonal processes, and mental health in adolescence

10.31234/osf.io/jp2fk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia J Kirtley ◽

Robin Achterhof ◽

Noëmi Hagemann ◽

Karlijn Susanna Francisca Maria Hermans ◽

Anu Pauliina Hiekkaranta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Daily Life ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

The Impact

Background: Over half of all mental health conditions have their onset in adolescence. Large-scale epidemiological studies have identified relevant environmental risk factors for mental health problems. Yet, few have focused on potential mediating inter- and intrapersonal processes in daily life, hampering intervention development. Objectives: To investigate 1) the impact of environmental risk factors on changes in inter- and intrapersonal processes; 2) the impact of altered inter- and intrapersonal processes on the development of (sub)clinical mental health symptoms in adolescents and; 3) the extent to which changes in inter- and intrapersonal processes mediate the association between environmental risk factors and the mental health outcomes in adolescents.Methods: ‘SIGMA’ is an accelerated longitudinal study of adolescents aged 12 to 18 from across Flanders, Belgium. Using self-report questionnaires, experience sampling, an experimental task, and wearables, we are investigating the relationship between environmental risk factors (e.g. trauma, parenting), inter- and intrapersonal processes (e.g. real-life social interaction and interpersonal functioning) and mental health outcomes (e.g. psychopathology, self-harm) over time. Results: N= 1913 adolescents (63% female) aged 11 – 20, from 22 schools, participated. The range of educational trajectories within the sample was broadly representative of the Flemish general adolescent population.Conclusions: Our findings will enable us to answer fundamental questions about inter- and intrapersonal processes involved in the development and maintenance of poor mental health in adolescence. This includes insights regarding the role of daily-life social and cognitive-affective processes, gained by using experience sampling. The accelerated longitudinal design enables rapid insights into developmental and cohort effects.

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