scholarly journals Collagenous Tissues upon Lithium Treatment: A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 605-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Tzaphlidou
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collagenous Tissues

In this review, the influence of lithium treatment in mouse, rat, and rabbit skin, liver, bone, and aorta, as well as arachnoid and dura mater collagen fibrils, is examined using electron microscopy and image processing. Structural changes (fibril architecture and diameter) are detected at the ultrastructural level in specimens from all lithium-treated tissues. The overall collagen fibril architecture is disturbed as compared with specimens from normal species. The mean diameter values of treated collagen fibrils are significantly smaller than those from controls in all tissues examined. The banding patterns of fibrils are normal in all cases. Measurements by a computerized method of measuring axial periodicity of fibrils indicate no effect of lithium on this parameter. Computer analysis shows no differences in charged amino acid composition between lithium-treated and -untreated samples. Under the present experimental conditions, lithium can induce permanent structural collagen alterations.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL MYOFIBRILS INDUCED WITH ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE

1951 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Ashley ◽  
Keith R. Porter ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
George M. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Enzymatic Modification ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
The Mean

Skeletal myofibrils isolated either by tryptic digestion at 0° C. or by a colloid mill and suspended in buffer solution (pH 7.0, µ; 0.154) containing 20 per cent glycerin and 0.0025 M adenosinetriphosphate at –5° C. contracted slowly and progressively when the temperature was raised above 0° C. Formalin fixation halted this contraction. With the aid of these procedures myofibrils in progressive stages of contraction were then studied with the electron microscope. Electron micrographs showed that uncontracted fibrils isolated by the colloid mill were structurally similar to those described by other workers. Treatment of fibrils with trypsin removed the Z bands and disorganized the I bands. This enzymatic modification of structure did not impair the contractile response. The principal structural changes during contraction consisted of a migration of dense material from the A band into the A-I junction or the Z band, a gradual increase in width of the fibril, a gradual decrease in length of sarcomeres, an apparent increase in the mean diameter of filaments, and a disorientation of these latter from their parallel arrangement.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of spinel crystals in FeO-SiO2-TiO2-V2O3-Cr2O3 slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Lixiong Shao ◽  
Jiang Diao ◽  
Wang Zhou ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Bing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Chromium Spinel ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The growth behaviour of spinel crystals in vanadium slag with high Cr2O3 content was investigated and clarified by statistical analyses based on the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) theory. The results indicate that low cooling rate and Cr2O3 content benefit the growth of spinel crystals. The chromium spinel crystals firstly precipitated and then acted as the heterogeneous nuclei of vanadium and titanium spinel crystals. The growth mechanisms of the spinel crystals at the cooling rate of 5 K/min consist two regimes: firstly, nucleation control in the temperature range of 1873 to 1773 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are asymptotic; secondly, surface and supply control within the temperature range of 1773 to 1473 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are lognormal. The mean diameter of spinel crystals increases from 3.97 to 52.21 µm with the decrease of temperature from 1873 to 1473 K.

scholarly journals POS1018 IMPORTANCE OF LATERAL SPINE VIEW IN DXA BONE DENSITOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 776.3-777
Author(s):  
S. Miri ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
A. Kasraoui ◽  
D. Kaffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lateral Spine ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
T Score ◽  
The Mean

Background:Osteoporosis is an increasingly important health problem among patients with spondyloarthritis (SPA). The Measure of Bone Mineral Density BMD is routinely carried out in an anteroposterior (AP) view of the spine. However, the syndesmophytes, ligaments calcifications, and the posterior part of vertebrae affect AP scanning. A lateral spine view is a more sensitive tool in assessing bone loss in trabecular bone.Objectives:We aimed to evaluate the association between lateral lumbar DXA and syndesmophyte grading in patients with SPA.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study including 75 patients with SPA. Bone density of the hip and lumbar spine was measured with a GE Lunar Prodigy Advance Bone Densitometer equipment. All patients had lumbar lateral, AP, and proximal femur DXA scans. The T-score, which measures the difference between a patient’s BMD and young-normal subjects, was computed and age-matched.Results:The mean age of the patients was 36±11 years. Male predominance was noted with a sex ratio of 4.76. The mean BMI was 25±5 kg/m2. Eight percent were obese. Fifty-two percent had Vitamin D deficiency.Forty-eight percent of the patients had axial SPA, while 52% had axial and peripheral symptoms.The mean age of onset was 27±7 years. Fifty-two percent of the patients had high inflammatory biomarkers. The BASDAI, ASDAS-VS, and ASDAS-CRP mean levels were respectively: 3.5±2.4, 3.1±0.9, and 3±0.8. The mean BASRI and mass were respectively 8 + 4.8 and 16.4 + 19.4. Analyses of T-score values obtained over the femoral neck revealed osteoporosis in 18.7% of the cases and osteopenia in 32% of the cases. On the other hand, analyses of AP, spine views revealed osteoporosis in 25.3% and osteopenia in 45.3% of patients (p=0.028, r=0.254). We detected the highest percentage of osteoporosis in lateral lumbar view and T-scores matched more closely with femoral neck values; osteoporosis in 29.3%, and osteopenia in 22.7% of the patients (p<10-3, r=0.562). BMD measured in AP, and lateral views were in good agreement (p<10-3, p=0.592). Age was inversely but not significantly associated with BMD in lateral (p=0.442, r=-0.09), AP (p=0.319, r=-0.117) and femoral neck projections (p=0.179, r=-0.157). Femoral neck BMD was associated with the activity of SPA (ASDAS vs (p=0.027, r= -0.295), and the mobility limitation BASMI (p=0.032, r= -0.247). Coxitis, BASRI, or mSASS were independent of BMD.Conclusion:We conclude that spine lateral view in DXA accurately measures BMD exceeding the AP spine views and femoral neck values. Therefore, structural changes do not affect this measurementDisclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferréol Berendt ◽  
Erik Pegel ◽  
Lubomir Blasko ◽  
Tobias Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Volume Proportion ◽  
Bark Damage ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables ‘diameter over bark’, ‘proportion of bark damage’ and ‘double bark thickness’.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bite Force in Patients After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With 3-Dimensional Locking Miniplate and Standard Miniplates

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Madan Mishra ◽  
Amit Gaur ◽  
Dhritiman Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fractures of the mandible can be studied and described in anatomic terms, functional considerations, treatment strategies, and outcome measures. The performance of any fixation system depends on multiple factors including plate adaptation, screw placement, bone quality, drilling conditions, and postoperative patient compliance. Bite force assesses masticatory muscle function under clinical and experimental conditions. Method: 30 patients with isolated, noncomminuted mandibular fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1 patients were treated using 3-dimensional locking miniplates and group 2 patients were treated with standard miniplates. The bite forces were recorded at definite time intervals: preoperatively, and second week, sixth week, third month, and sixth month postoperatively. Result: At 6 weeks postoperative, 3 month postoperative, and 6 month postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher among group 1 patients as compared to those in group 2 in all the sites. While at 2 week postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 at incisor region. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study show better performance in bite force for the 3-dimensional locking miniplate when compared with standard miniplates.

Growth and development of collagen fibrils in immature tissues from rat and sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 212 (1186) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibril Diameter

The collagen fibril diameter distribution of four immature tissues from both rat and sheep have been determined from transverse sections observed in the transmission electron microscope. In many instances before birth, the form of the distribution for the tissues is both unimodal and sharp and the mean diameters of the distributions lie close to a multiple of 80 Å. For some tissues, the collagen fibril diameter distributions may be resolved into a number of components, each of which represents a population of fibrils with a diameter close to a multiple of 80 Å (8 nm). These data confirm and extend previous observations by the authors that small collagen fibrils all have diameters that are multiples of about 80 Å and that the fibril growth occurs by the accretion of 80 Å units. The form of the collagen fibril diameter distribution at birth is broad for the sheep tissues but narrow for the rat tissues, thus confirming that the range of fibril diameters at this stage of life reflects the differing degree of development of precocious and altricious animals.

An Examination of Language Samples Obtained under Three Experimental Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise D. Stalnaker ◽  
Nancy A. Creaghead
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Language Sample

Language samples were obtained from 12 Head Start preschool children under the following three experimental conditions: Condition I, Retelling a Story with Toys; Condition II, Playing with Toys; Condition III, Toys with Questions. The quantity and quality of the three samples gathered from each child were compared by analyzing the total number of utterances, the proportion of the total utterances which were sentence fragments, the number of transformations and adverbial expansions, the number of different semantic relationships, and the mean length of utterance (MLU). Results indicated that retelling a story produced the largest MLU, but toys and questions produced more utterances. These findings indicated that questioning children does not inhibit their language and asking them to retell a story may be a fruitful approach to use when gathering a language sample.

CONTROLLABLE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES USING MIST FLOW METHOD

NANO ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250045 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN SUN ◽  
RYO KITAURA ◽  
TAKUYA NAKAYAMA ◽  
YASUMITSU MIYATA ◽  
HISANORI SHINOHARA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Mist Flow ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The influences of synthesis parameters on the mean diameter and diameter distribution of as-grown single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using the mist flow method have been investigated in detail with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that CVD reaction temperature and flow rate play an essential role in controlling the mean diameter and the quality of as-grown SWCNTs. Furthermore, we found that the carbon supply kinetics can be a dominant factor to determine the diameter of as-grown SWCNTs in the present mist flow method. Under a different combination of various parameters, the mean diameter of SWCNTs can be varied from 0.9 nm to 1.5 nm controllably.

Initial Clinical Experience with Percutaneous Atherectomy in the Infragenicular Arteries

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zeller ◽  
Ulrich Frank ◽  
Karlheinz Bürgelin ◽  
Uwe Schwarzwälder ◽  
Peter-Christian Flügel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balloon Angioplasty ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Peroneal Artery ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Anterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Tibial Artery ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Directional Atherectomy ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new atherectomy device for the treatment of infragenicular lesions in arteries with a reference diameter of at least 2.5 mm. Methods: Twenty-seven below-the-knee lesions in 17 patients (12 men; mean age 69±12 years) with chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease were treated with directional atherectomy. The target lesion was in the popliteal artery (segment 3) in 2 (7%) cases, the tibioperoneal trunk in 12 (44%), the peroneal artery in 8 (30%), the anterior tibial artery in 2 (7%), and the posterior tibial artery in 3 (11%). Six (22%) of the lesions were in-stent stenoses. The mean diameter stenosis was 87%±9%, and the mean lesion length was 34±24 mm. Results: All but 2 (7%) of the lesions could be treated successfully (residual stenosis <30%) with the atherectomy catheter (93% technical success) using an average of 5±2 (range 1–10) passes of the device. Six lesions (22%) were treated after predilation and 21 (78%) with primary atherectomy. In 8 (30%) lesions, additional balloon angioplasty was performed. The 2 failures were in heavily calcified lesions through which the device could not pass despite predilation. The mean diameter stenosis after atherectomy was 14%±22% (range 0%–90%); after additional balloon angioplasty, the mean residual stenoses reduced to 12%±21% (range 0%–100%). One (6%) of the 2 patients who failed atherectomy sustained a thrombotic occlusion of the target vessel. This complication was treated successfully with local lysis, but the vessel reoccluded 3 days later; a stent was implanted. The mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.50±0.27 to 0.86±0.40 before discharge. Conclusions: Below-the-knee native vessel lesions and in-stent restenoses with a diameter of at least 2.5 mm can be treated successfully and safely with this new atherectomy catheter. Additional balloon angioplasty was necessary in only a few cases.

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