1/fNeural Noise and Electrophysiological Indices of Contextual Prediction in Normative Aging

AbstractPrediction during language comprehension has increasingly been suggested to play a substantive role in efficient language processing. Emerging models have postulated that predictive mechanisms are enhanced when neural networks fire synchronously, but to date, this relationship has been investigated primarily through oscillatory activity in narrow frequency bands. A recently-developed measure proposed to reflect broadband neural activity – and thereby synchronous neuronal firing – is 1/fneural noise extracted from EEG spectral power. Previous research (Voytek et al., 2015) has indicated that this measure of 1/fneural noise changes across the lifespan, and these neural changes predict age-related behavioral impairments in visual working memory. Using a cross-sectional sample of young and older adults, we examined age-related changes in 1/fneural noise and whether this measure would predict ERP correlates of successful lexical prediction during discourse comprehension. 1/fneural noise across two different language tasks revealed high within-subject correlations, indicating that this measure can provide a reliable index of individualized patterns of neural activation. In addition to age, 1/fnoise was a significant predictor of N400 effects of successful lexical prediction, but noise did not mediate age-related declines in other ERP effects. We discuss broader implications of these findings for theories of predictive processing, as well as potential applications of 1/fnoise across research populations.

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Age-Related Reduced Somatosensory Gating Is Associated with Altered Alpha Frequency Desynchronization

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2015/302878 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Chia-Hsiung Cheng ◽

Pei-Ying S. Chan ◽

Sylvain Baillet ◽

Yung-Yang Lin

Keyword(s):

Power Analysis ◽

Spectral Power ◽

The Elderly ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Norm Estimates ◽

Preattentive Processing ◽

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex ◽

Age Related ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Somatosensory Gating

Sensory gating (SG), referring to an attenuated neural response to the second identical stimulus, is considered as preattentive processing in the central nervous system to filter redundant sensory inputs. Insufficient somatosensory SG has been found in the aged adults, particularly in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). However, it remains unclear which variables leading to the age-related somatosensory SG decline. There has been evidence showing a relationship between brain oscillations and cortical evoked excitability. Thus, this study used whole-head magnetoencephalography to record responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation to the left median nerve in healthy young and elderly participants to test whether insufficient stimulus 1- (S1-) induced event-related desynchronization (ERD) contributes to a less-suppressed stimulus 2- (S2-) evoked response. Our analysis revealed that the minimum norm estimates showed age-related reduction of SG in the bilateral SII regions. Spectral power analysis showed that the elderly demonstrated significantly reduced alpha ERD in the contralateral SII (SIIc). Moreover, it was striking to note that lower S1-induced alpha ERD was associated with higher S2-evoked amplitudes in the SIIc among the aged adults. Conclusively, our findings suggest that age-related decline of somatosensory SG is partially attributed to the altered S1-induced oscillatory activity.

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0344 Age-Related Longitudinal Trajectories in NREM and REM Spectral Power

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A130-A131

Author(s):

C Gao ◽

M K Scullin

Keyword(s):

Power Density ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Spectral Power Density ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Sleep Physiology

Abstract Introduction Knowledge of how aging impacts sleep physiology is based almost exclusively on cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies, by contrast, can inform how macro- and micro-features of NREM and REM sleep change dynamically across time in individual trajectories. For the current work, we conducted quantitative EEG analyses from a longitudinal polysomnography study to inform age-related trajectories in sleep macro- and micro-architecture. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis on 2208 participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study (mean age =62.47, SD=10.46, 55.30% females). Participants underwent one night of in-home polysomnography recording during two study visits (M=5.21 years apart, SD=0.53). Spectral power density was calculated for each 0.5 Hz frequency bin for NREM and REM sleep separately. Results In cross-sectional analyses, older chronological age was significantly associated with worse sleep macro-architecture. Plots of the individual trajectories over 5 years, however, revealed considerable inter-individual variability in whether sleep physiology was preserved or declined. Interestingly, there were strong associations between the longitudinal changes in power density in NREM and REM sleep (slow oscillations: r=.53 [.50-.56]; delta: r=.58 [.55-.60]; alpha: r=.69 [.67-.71]; sigma: r=.74 [.73-.76]; beta: r=.82 [.80-.83]; ps<.001). The strongest NREM-REM association was for theta band power (r=.85 [.83-.86]), particularly in the 5.5-6.0 Hz bin (r=.94, [.94, .95]). Conclusion There is substantial inter-individual variability in how aging impacts sleep physiology. Nevertheless, within individuals, power density declines similarly across NREM and REM stages, with nearly perfect convergence for theta activity, indicating a common age-related neurobiological mechanism. Support The National Sleep Research Resource is supported by NIH HL114473.

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Oscillatory and aperiodic neural activity jointly predict grammar learning

10.1101/2020.03.10.984971 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zachariah R. Cross ◽

Andrew W. Corcoran ◽

Matthias Schlesewsky ◽

Mark. J. Kohler ◽

Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Power Law ◽

Word Order ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Rule Learning ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Natural Scenes ◽

Grammar Learning ◽

Power Law Exponent ◽

Behavioural Performance

ABSTRACTMemory formation involves the synchronous firing of neurons in task-relevant networks, with recent models postulating that a decrease in low frequency oscillatory activity underlies successful memory encoding and retrieval. To date, this relationship has predominantly been investigated using objects (e.g., faces, natural scenes); however, considerably less is known about the oscillatory correlates of complex rule learning (e.g., language acquisition). Further, recent work has shown that aperiodic (non-oscillatory) 1/f activity is functionally and behaviourally relevant, yet its interaction with oscillatory activity during complex rule learning remains virtually unknown. Using spectral decomposition and power-law exponent estimation of human EEG data, we show for the first time that 1/f and oscillatory activity jointly influence the learning of different word order rules of a miniature language system. Fixed word order rules were associated with an increased power-law exponent (i.e. steeper 1/f slope) compared to flexible word order rules. We also show that stronger anterior beta synchronisation predicts fixed word order rule learning and subsequent behavioural performance, while stronger theta/alpha synchronisation is associated with the learning of flexible word order rules. These results also revealed nonlinear differences between word order rules as a function of time and sensor space. Moreover, we demonstrated that inter-individual variations in spectral power across the learning task interacted with aperiodic activity to influence subsequent behavioural performance. Together, these results suggest that 1/f activity plays an important role in higher-order cognition, including language processing, and that grammar learning is modulated by different word order permutations, which manifest in distinct oscillatory profiles.

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Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Rukshana Ahmed ◽

Shamim Ara

Keyword(s):

Prostate Gland ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Age Related ◽

Group A ◽

Key Words Prostate ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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EEG correlates of cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of oscillatory activity and neural synchrony abnormalities

Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews ◽

10.2174/2666082216999201209130117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Meysam Amidfar ◽

Yong-Ku Kim

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Large Body ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Brain Oscillations ◽

Emotional Symptoms ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Background: A large body of evidence suggested that disruption of neural rhythms and synchronization of brain oscillations are correlated with variety of cognitive and perceptual processes. Cognitive deficits are common features of psychiatric disorders that complicate treatment of the motivational, affective and emotional symptoms. Objective: Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions will contribute to understanding of neural circuits controlling cognition, the causes of their perturbation in psychiatric disorders and developing novel targets for treatment of cognitive impairments. Methods: This review includes description of brain oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Results: The review clearly shows that the reviewed neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with fundamental changes in both spectral power and coherence of EEG oscillations. Conclusion: In this article we examined nature of brain oscillations, association of brain rhythms with cognitive functions and relationship between EEG oscillations and neuropsychiatric diseases. Accordingly, EEG oscillations can most likely be used as biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.

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Language and Aging

The Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190672027.013.12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 294-316

Author(s):

Jonathan E. Peelle

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Brain Function ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Language Abilities ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Neural Organization ◽

Age Related ◽

High Level

Language processing in older adulthood is a model of balance between preservation and decline. Despite widespread changes to physiological mechanisms supporting perception and cognition, older adults’ language abilities are frequently well preserved. At the same time, the neural systems engaged to achieve this high level of success change, and individual differences in neural organization appear to differentiate between more and less successful performers. This chapter reviews anatomical and cognitive changes that occur in aging and popular frameworks for age-related changes in brain function, followed by an examination of how these principles play out in the context of language comprehension and production.

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Patient Use of Dietary Supplements, Home Monitoring, or Genetic Testing for Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126421989228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247412642198922

Author(s):

Brittany C. Tsou ◽

T.Y. Alvin Liu ◽

Jun Kong ◽

Susan B. Bressler ◽

J. Fernando Arevalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Home Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Age Related ◽

Disease Study

Purpose: This work evaluated the use and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring for nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the prevalence of genetic testing among patients with AMD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 129 participants older than 50 years who completed self-administered questionnaires regarding usage and type of dietary supplements and home monitoring, as well as the participants’ use of genetic testing for AMD. Results: Of 91 participants with AMD, 83 (91.2%) took vitamins, including 55 (60.4%) who used an Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) or AREDS2 formulation. Of 38 without AMD, 31 (81.6%) took vitamins (difference from participants with AMD = 9.6% [95% CI, 0%-23.2%]), including 2 on an AREDS formulation. Among 82 participants with AMD who were AREDS candidates (intermediate or advanced AMD in 1 or both eyes), 51 (62.2%; 95% CI, 51.7%-72.7%) took an AREDS or AREDS2 formulation, and 31 (37.8%) did not (5 were unsure). Additionally, 50 (61.0%; 95% CI, 50.4%-71.6%) AREDS candidates did some type of home monitoring. Only 1 (1.2%; 95% CI, 0%-3.6%) underwent genetic testing for AMD. Among 9 with AMD who were not AREDS candidates, 4 (44.4%) used an AREDS formulation, 4 (44.4%) did not, and 1 (11.1%) was unsure; only 1 (11.1%) of these 9 performed home monitoring. Conclusions: Despite similar results from past surveys and AREDS2 data supporting supplement use in 2013 and home monitoring in 2014, these findings suggest about one-third of AREDS candidates do not do so, providing further support for improving education regarding appropriate supplement and home monitoring usage. Genetic testing for AMD also appears infrequent.

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SAT0415 AGE RELATIONSHIP WITH ULTRASOUND ARTICULAR AND ENTHESEAL INVOLVEMENT IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1160.2-1161

Author(s):

I. Fairushina ◽

D. Abdulganieva ◽

E. Kirillova ◽

R. Abdrakipov

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Power Doppler ◽

Severity Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Biomarkers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Axial Involvement

Background:Detection of subclinical enthesitis and synovitis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is prevalent and ultrasound (US) examination is informative tool for it diagnosing. Aging positively affects degenerative changes.Objectives:To study relationship between US articular and entheseal findings with age in patients with PsA.Methods:57 patients were enrolled to study with fulfilled PsA criteria (CASPAR, 2009). Data collection: demographical, clinical (current psoriasis, axial involvement, enthesitis, dactylitis), US (synovitis count (by Grey Scale), Power Doppler(PD)+ synovitis), thickening and hypoechogenicity at enthesis, PD+ enthesitis, entheses with structural components); biological (high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).US examination included 798 joints and 3078 entheses (bilateral shoulders, acromioclavicular joints, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, ankles; entheses at the projection of these joints (total number - 54). US entheseal findings were fixed according to consensus-based US definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and PsA (OMERACT US)1.Results:In all 57 patients: male - 25 (43.9%), mean age 43.4±10.3(SD) years (y), PsA duration was 7 (3;10) y, Ps duration 10 (8; 22) y; 53 (41.1%) had axial involvement, 42 (73.7%) dactylitis, 8 (14%) clinical enthesitis, and 56 (98.2 %) skin psoriasis, Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index score 6.4 (2;14.4), Disease Activity in PsA score 18.1 (10.2;26.1), hsCRP 10.1(2.4;21.4), ESR 20 (11.3;31.5).Synovitis count increased with age noticeably (r=0.508, p<0.01), and weak correlation of PD+ synovitis (r=0.262, p=0.049) and age was found. The entheseal thickening and hypoechogenicity and structural findings increased with age respectively (r=0.345, p=0.009; r=0.337, p=0.01). There was no correlation between PD+ enthesitis and age. The assosiation between PD+ enthesitis and blood biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP (r=0.364, p=0.008); ESR (p=0.358, p=0.008) was found.Conclusion:Our study found significant relationship between age and US synovitis. Association between age and US entheseal involvement was noted. Only PD+ enthesitis was not related with age in comparison with other US entheseal findings. The presence of PD US signal at enthesitis in association with increased inflammatory blood biomarkers can be evaluated as the sign of disease activity regardless of age and not as age-related lesion in PsA patients.References:[1]Balint PV, Terslev L, Aegerter P et al. Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: an OMERACT US initiative. Ann Rheum Dis.;2018;77(12):1730-1735.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11030330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 330

Author(s):

Dalton J. Edwards ◽

Logan T. Trujillo

Keyword(s):

External Validity ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Brain State ◽

Beta Band ◽

Eeg Spectral Power ◽

Eeg Power ◽

Human Participants

Traditionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) studies collect data within controlled laboratory environments that limit the external validity of scientific conclusions. To probe these validity limits, we used a mobile EEG system to record electrophysiological signals from human participants while they were located within a controlled laboratory environment and an uncontrolled outdoor environment exhibiting several moderate background influences. Participants performed two tasks during these recordings, one engaging brain activity related to several complex cognitive functions (number sense, attention, memory, executive function) and the other engaging two default brain states. We computed EEG spectral power over three frequency bands (theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, low beta: 14–20 Hz) where EEG oscillatory activity is known to correlate with the neurocognitive states engaged by these tasks. Null hypothesis significance testing yielded significant EEG power effects typical of the neurocognitive states engaged by each task, but only a beta-band power difference between the two background recording environments during the default brain state. Bayesian analysis showed that the remaining environment null effects were unlikely to reflect measurement insensitivities. This overall pattern of results supports the external validity of laboratory EEG power findings for complex and default neurocognitive states engaged within moderately uncontrolled environments.

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103 Periodontal Health and Sarcopenia: Cross-Sectional Evidence From A Cohort of 2040 Twin Volunteers

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab030.64 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i12-i42

Author(s):

M B Zazzara ◽

P M Wells ◽

R C E Bowyer ◽

M N Lochlainn ◽

E J Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Low Grade ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

European Working ◽

Generalised Linear Mixed Model

Abstract Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium, ultimately leading to looseness and/or loss of teeth. Sarcopenia refers to age-related reduction in muscle mass and strength. Similar to periodontitis, chronic low-grade inflammation is thought to play a key role in its development. In addition, both increase in prevalence with advancing age. Despite known associations with other diseases involving a dysregulated inflammatory response, for example rheumatoid arthritis,, the relationship between periodontitis and sarcopenia, and whether they could be driven by similar processes, remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the association between periodontitis and sarcopenia. Methods Observational study of 2040 adult volunteers [age 67.18 (12.17)] enrolled in the TwinsUK cohort study. Presence of tooth mobility and number of teeth lost were used to assess periodontal health. A binary variable was created to define periodontitis. Measurements of muscle strength, muscle quality/quantity and physical performance were used to assess sarcopenia. A categorical variable was created according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) consensus, to define sarcopenia (1: probable; 2: positive; 3: severe). Generalised linear mixed model analysis used on complete cases and age-matched (n = 1,288) samples to ascertain associations between periodontitis and sarcopenia. Results No significant association was found between periodontitis and sarcopenia in both the complete cases analysis and age-matched analysis. Results were consistent when analysis was adjusted for potential confounders including body mass index, frailty index, Mini Mental State Examination smoking, nutritional status and educational level. Conclusions This study found no significant association between periodontitis and sarcopenia in a cohort of 2040 adults. Although both periodontitis and sarcopenia have been linked to a dysregulated immune response and demonstrate an increase in prevalence with increasing age, our work is inconclusive due to the plethora of possible aetiopathogenetic pathways.

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