scholarly journals Facilitation between plants shapes pollination networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianalberto Losapio ◽  
Miguel A. Fortuna ◽  
Jordi Bascompte ◽  
Bernhard Schmid ◽  
Richard Michalet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Plant Pollinator

SignificanceAlthough it is known that plant–plant and plant–pollinator interactions can strongly influence biodiversity and its effects on ecosystem functioning, the details of how competition and facili-tation among plants scale up to mutualistic interactions with pollinators and thus affect pollina-tion networks are poorly understood. We introduce a simple experimental system in which we control local plant interactions, measure pollinator responses and characterize plant–pollinator networks. We find that facilitation among plants produces synergistic and antagonistic effects on the pollinator community affecting the architecture and robustness of plant–pollinator net-works. Our results provide evidence for bottom-up non-additive effects of plant interactions on pollination networks and have implications for the way we study and manage ecosystems.

scholarly journals Impact of artificial light at night on diurnal plant-pollinator interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Giavi ◽  
Colin Fontaine ◽  
Eva Knop
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Commercial Street

AbstractArtificial light at night has rapidly spread around the globe over the last decades. Evidence is increasing that it has adverse effects on the behavior, physiology, and survival of animals and plants with consequences for species interactions and ecosystem functioning. For example, artificial light at night disrupts plant-pollinator interactions at night and this can have consequences for the plant reproductive output. By experimentally illuminating natural plant-pollinator communities during the night using commercial street-lamps we tested whether light at night can also change interactions of a plant-pollinator community during daytime. Here we show that artificial light at night can alter diurnal plant-pollinator interactions, but the direction of the change depends on the plant species. We conclude that the effect of artificial light at night on plant-pollinator interactions is not limited to the night, but can also propagate to the daytime with so far unknown consequences for the pollinator community and the diurnal pollination function and services they provide.

scholarly journals Network Centrality as an Indicator for Pollinator Parasite Transmission via Flowers

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Niels Piot ◽  
Guy Smagghe ◽  
Ivan Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Good Predictor ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Parasites are important actors within ecosystems. However, a key aspect to unraveling parasite epidemiology is understanding transmission. The bee pollinator community harbors several multihost parasites, which have been shown to be able to spread between species via flowers. Hence the plant–pollinator network can provide valuable information on the transmission of these parasites between species. Although several controlled experiments have shown that flowers function as a transmission hub for parasites, the link with the plant–pollinator network has rarely been addressed in the field. Here, one can hypothesize that the most central flowers in the network are more likely to enable parasite transmission between species. In this study, we test this hypothesis in three local plant–pollinator networks and show that the centrality of a plant in a weighted plant–pollinator network is a good predictor of the presence of multihost pollinator parasites on the plant’s flowers.

scholarly journals Plant-plant interactions scale up to produce vegetation spatial patterns: the influence of long- and short-term process

Ecosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e01915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción L. Alados ◽  
Hugo Saiz ◽  
Maite Gartzia ◽  
Paloma Nuche ◽  
Juan Escós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Plant

scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. LaManna ◽  
Laura A. Burkle ◽  
R. Travis Belote ◽  
Jonathan A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Fish oil and 3-thia fatty acid have additive effects on lipid metabolism but antagonistic effects on oxidative damage when fed to rats for 50 weeks

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1384-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Filipchuk Vigerust ◽  
Daniel Cacabelos ◽  
Lena Burri ◽  
Kjetil Berge ◽  
Hege Wergedahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

scholarly journals Adding landscape genetics and individual traits to the ecosystem function paradigm reveals the importance of species functional breadth

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (48) ◽  
pp. 12761-12766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio R. Castilla ◽  
Nathaniel S. Pope ◽  
Megan O’Connell ◽  
María F. Rodriguez ◽  
Laurel Treviño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Local Plant

Animal pollination mediates both reproduction and gene flow for the majority of plant species across the globe. However, past functional studies have focused largely on seed production; although useful, this focus on seed set does not provide information regarding species-specific contributions to pollen-mediated gene flow. Here we quantify pollen dispersal for individual pollinator species across more than 690 ha of tropical forest. Specifically, we examine visitation, seed production, and pollen-dispersal ability for the entire pollinator community of a common tropical tree using a series of individual-based pollinator-exclusion experiments followed by molecular-based fractional paternity analyses. We investigate the effects of pollinator body size, plant size (as a proxy of floral display), local plant density, and local plant kinship on seed production and pollen-dispersal distance. Our results show that while large-bodied pollinators set more seeds per visit, small-bodied bees visited flowers more frequently and were responsible for more than 49% of all long-distance (beyond 1 km) pollen-dispersal events. Thus, despite their size, small-bodied bees play a critical role in facilitating long-distance pollen-mediated gene flow. We also found that both plant size and local plant kinship negatively impact pollen dispersal and seed production. By incorporating genetic and trait-based data into the quantification of pollination services, we highlight the diversity in ecological function mediated by pollinators, the influential role that plant and population attributes play in driving service provision, and the unexpected importance of small-bodied pollinators in the recruitment of plant genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Scaven ◽  
Nicole E. Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Abstract Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interactions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summarize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also consider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to warming, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating insects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service.

scholarly journals Bottom-up synthesis of graphene films hosting atom-thick molecular-sieving apertures

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2022201118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Francisco Villalobos ◽  
Cédric Van Goethem ◽  
Kuang-Jung Hsu ◽  
Shaoxian Li ◽  
Mina Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Single Layer Graphene ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Vacancy Defects ◽  
Graphene Lattice ◽  
Molecular Sieving

Incorporation of a high density of molecular-sieving nanopores in the graphene lattice by the bottom-up synthesis is highly attractive for high-performance membranes. Herein, we achieve this by a controlled synthesis of nanocrystalline graphene where incomplete growth of a few nanometer-sized, misoriented grains generates molecular-sized pores in the lattice. The density of pores is comparable to that obtained by the state-of-the-art postsynthetic etching (1012 cm−2) and is up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of molecular-sieving intrinsic vacancy defects in single-layer graphene (SLG) prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The porous nanocrystalline graphene (PNG) films are synthesized by precipitation of C dissolved in the Ni matrix where the C concentration is regulated by controlled pyrolysis of precursors (polymers and/or sugar). The PNG film is made of few-layered graphene except near the grain edge where the grains taper down to a single layer and eventually terminate into vacancy defects at a node where three or more grains meet. This unique nanostructure is highly attractive for the membranes because the layered domains improve the mechanical robustness of the film while the atom-thick molecular-sized apertures allow the realization of large gas transport. The combination of gas permeance and gas pair selectivity is comparable to that from the nanoporous SLG membranes prepared by state-of-the-art postsynthetic lattice etching. Overall, the method reported here improves the scale-up potential of graphene membranes by cutting down the processing steps.

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