scholarly journals Refractive errors, ocular biometry and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao He ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
Systemic Factors

ABSTRACTDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The onset and progression of DR are influenced by systemic factors such as hyperglycemia and hypertension as well as ocular parameters. A better knowledge of the risk factors for DR is vital to improving the outcome of patients with DR and risk stratification. More recently, there has been increasing focus on the influence of myopia on DR development. Some observational studies have reported myopia being a protective factor for the development of DR, however the findings were inconsistent. In addition, it remains unclear whether it was myopia, axial length (AL), or other refractive factors that play the protective role. The protective mechanism against DR may be related to ocular elongation, posterior vitreous detachment, low perfusion in the retina and the abnormal cytokine profile. This systematic review will summarize the association of DR with refractory status as well as different refractive components including anterior chamber depth, refractory power of the lens, AL, and axial length-to-corneal radius ratio.

scholarly journals Ocular biometry and power of intra ocular lens among cataract patients in rural Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANDEFRO SINTAYEHU KASSA ◽  
GIRUM W GESSESSE
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Ocular Lens ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background : The main objective of the study was to report on the main parameters of ocular biometry and Intra ocular lens power of patients attending a cataract surgical program in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods : The study was a cross sectional study on 765 eyes which were legible for cataract surgery during a mass eye camp conducted from April 04 to April 10, 2018 at Bisidimo Hospital,Eastern Ethiopia.Ocular biometric parameters such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean corneal curvature (MCC) were measured using automated keratorefractometer(Retinomax) and Sonomed A - Scan. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were done to determine association of ocular biometry components with socio demography of the study subjects. Results : A total of 765 eyes were enrolled in this study. The mean corneal curvature and the mean anterior chamber depth were found to be 7.61 mm and 2.88mm respectively. The mean axial length was estimated to be 22.98 mm. The mean refractive power of Intra ocular lenses was calculated to be 19.34D. The mean axial length in females was shorter than that of males by 0.24 and this was statistically significant ( P - value = 0.01). Under multiple linear regression model gender had a statistically significant impact on the axial length. The mean Anterior chamber depth in males was also larger than that of females by nearly 0.1 and this was statistically significant (P - value = 0.001). Under multiple linear regression model both age and gender had a statistically significant impact on the anterior chamber depth. There was no a statistically significant difference on the mean Intra ocular lens power required for male and female patients.Conclusion : This study is the first of its kind to provide a larger population based normative data on the most important parameters of ocular biometry in Ethiopia.The female sex was a strong predictor of small axial length and shallow anterior chamber. Increasing age had no effect on the axial length but was found to be a stronger predictor of shallow anterior chamber. Key words : Axial length, Anterior chamber depth, Corneal curvature, Intra ocular lens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationships between Corneal Parameters, Ocular Biometry, and Myopia Magnitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3077-3084
Author(s):  
Mohd Izzuddin Hairol ◽  
Norlaili Arif ◽  
Pui Theng Yong ◽  
Mariah Asem Shehadeh Saleh Ali ◽  
Nik Nor Adlina Nik Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
Corneal Asphericity ◽  
Corneal Radius ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Axial length of the eye correlates with the magnitude of myopia. However, there are conflicting reports on the relationship between certain corneal parameters with myopia magnitude. The objective of this study was to compare ocular biometry and corneal parameters between emmetropic and myopic groups. Participants (n=127) were categorized as emmetropia (spherical equivalent, SE, ±0.50D), low myopia (-0.75D≤SE<-6.00D) and high myopia (SE≥-6.00D). The difference in axial length, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth between emmetrope, low myope, and high myope were highly significant (one-way ANOVA, all p<0.001) with significant correlations between SE and all these parameters (simple regressions, all p<0.001). However, central corneal thickness, corneal radius of curvature, and corneal asphericity between these groups, and the correlations between the ocular parameters with SE were not significantly different (all p>0.05). Corneal curvature correlated significantly with axial length (p=0.001) but not with myopia magnitude (p=0.91). Rather than myopia magnitude, axial length appears to be more sensitive to detect changes in corneal curvature in myopes. In conclusion, myopic patients’ axial length should be carefully considered for interventions that involve the cornea, such as orthokeratology and refractive surgery.

scholarly journals Axial Myopia, A Protective Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy-Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kulshrestha ◽  
Nirbhai Singh ◽  
Bruttendu Moharana ◽  
Parul Chawla Gupta ◽  
Jagat Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract PURPOSE Long axial length is one of the ocular protective factors in development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study we examined the effect of axial length (AL) on aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without DR. METHODS Forty-eight eyes of 48 participants were divided into three groups of 16 each. Group A consisted of non-diabetic patients, Group B had diabetic patients without DR, and Group C had diabetic patients with treatment-naive non-proliferative DR (NPDR). The groups were further subdivided based on axial lengths i.e., AL ≤ 23.30 mm (A1, B1, C1) and AL > 23.30 mm (A2, B2, C2). Undiluted aqueous humor was obtained during cataract surgery to measure the VEGF levels. RESULTS We observed significant decrease in VEGF concentration in patients with AL ≥ 23.30 mm as compared with AL ≤ 23.30 mm in non-diabetic as well as diabetic patients. As the eye elongates, there is less secretion of VEGF in non-diabetics as well in diabetics with or without DR. CONCLUSION Our findings strengthened the concept that an increase in AL leads to less VEGF in diabetic eyes, thus leading to less severe DR changes.

scholarly journals Effect of Stature on Refraction and Ocular Biometry in Chinese Young Adults: The Anyang University Students Eye Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningli Wang ◽  
Shi-Fei Wei ◽  
Yun-Yun Sun ◽  
Shi-Ming Li ◽  
Jian-Ping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Negative Refraction ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
Corneal Radius ◽  
Chinese Young Adults ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background There are few studies reporting the association between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in young adults. Our study determined the relationship between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in Chinese young adults. Methods This was a school-based study including university students in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Cycloplegic refraction and corneal curvature (CR) were measured using an autorefractor. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT), were measured using a Lenstar LS900. Height and weight were acquired from an annual standardized physical examination, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from these measurements. Results A total of 5657 (71.0%) subjects were available for analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, parental myopia, time outdoors, near work and weight, a 1 cm taller person could be expected to have more negative refraction as -0.023D, a 0.032 mm increase in AL, a 0.003 mm increase in ACD, a 0.008 mm increase in CR, and a 0.001 increase in axial length-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio. With regard to weight, a 1 kg heavier person was more likely to have less negative refraction as 0.011 D, deeper ACD by 0.001mm and flatter cornea by 0.002mm. A similar pattern of significant associations was also found in BMI. Conclusions Compared to those of less height, young adults of greater height tended to have longer eyes, deeper anterior chambers, flatter corneas, higher AL/CR ratio, and more negative refraction after controlling for potential confounders. In contrast, heavier and higher BMI persons were more hyperopic. The differences in stature may partially explain the variation in refraction and ocular biometric parameters.

scholarly journals Association between ocular biometrical parameters and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanhua Wang ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Miao He ◽  
Zhiyin Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Lens Power ◽  
Corneal Diameter

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between ocular biometrical parameters and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in ocular treatment naive patients with diabetes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with no history of ocular treatment in Guangzhou, China. The ocular biometrical parameters were obtained by Lenstar, including corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL). The lens power and axial length-to-cornea radius ratio (AL/CR ratio) were calculated. Spherical equivalent (SE) was determined by auto-refraction after pupil dilation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations of ocular biometry with any DR and vision threatening DR (VTDR).ResultsA total of 1838 patients were included in the final analysis, involving 145 5(79.2%) patients without DR and 383(20.8%) patients with DR. After adjusting confounding factors, any DR was independently associated with AL (OR = 0.84 per 1 mm increase, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.94), lens power (OR = 0.9951 per 1 D increase, 95%CI: 0.9904, 0.9998), and AL/CR ratio (OR = 0.26 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.10-0.70). Similarly, the presence of VTDR was independently related to AL (OR = 0.67 per 1 mm increase, 95%CI: 0.54-0.85), lens power (OR = 0.99 per 1 D increase, 95%CI: 0.98, 0.997), and AL/CR ratio (OR = 0.04 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25). The CC, corneal diameter, and refractive status were not significantly correlated with presence of DR or VTDR.ConclusionLonger AL, deeper ACD, higher lens power, and higher AL/CR ratio may be protective factors against DR. Considering the high prevalence of myopia in the Chinese juvenile population, it is worth paying attention to how the incidence of DR in this generation may change over time.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anthropometry on Refractive Error and Ocular Biometry in Children with β Thalassemia Major

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Aryani Atiyatul Amra ◽  
Fithria Aldy ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Elyani Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
The Right

AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometry on refractive error and ocular biometry in children with β-thalassemia major. METHOD: This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design which conducted in 1 day care thalassemia pediatric Department and Ophthalmology Department of North Sumatera University Hospital from February to April 2019. The study included 44 children with β-thalassemia major. RESULTS: Anthropometric analysis of refractive errors did not show a significant correlation, whereas anthropometric analysis on biometry showed a significant correlation between height and axial length of the right eye (p = 0.004) and left eye (p = 0.043), then showed significant correlations between height and anterior chamber depth of the right eye (p = 0.027) and left eye (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Height affects the axial length and anterior chamber depth, but there are no anthropometric variables that affect refractive errors in this study.

Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Egunsola ◽  
Laura E. Dowsett ◽  
Ruth Diaz ◽  
Michael Brent ◽  
Valeria Rac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
Qualitative Literature ◽  
Retinopathy Screening

scholarly journals The ‘wave sign’ in hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of epidemiological factors, current diagnostic methods and treatment options

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Derry Onggo ◽  
James Randolph Onggo ◽  
Mithun Nambiar ◽  
Andrew Duong ◽  
Olufemi R Ayeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Suture Repair ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

ABSTRACT This study aims to present a systematic review and synthesized evidence on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods and treatment options available for this phenomenon. A multi-database search (OVID Medline, EMBASE and PubMed) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 18 June 2019. All studies of any study design discussing on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, classification systems and treatment options of the wave sign were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment tool was used to appraise articles. No quantitative analysis could be performed due to heterogeneous data reported; 11 studies with a total of 501 patients with the wave sign were included. Three studies examined risk factors for wave sign and concluded that cam lesions were most common. Other risk factors include alpha angle &gt;65° (OR=4.00, 95% CI: 1.26–12.71, P=0.02), male gender (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.09–4.62, P=0.03) and older age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P=0.03). Increased acetabular coverage in setting of concurrent cam lesions may be a protective factor. Wave signs most commonly occur at the anterior, superior and anterosuperior acetabulum. In terms of staging accuracy, the Haddad classification had the highest coefficients in intraclass correlation (k=0.81, 95% CI: 0.23–0.95, P=0.011), inter-observer reliability (k=0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97, P&lt;0.001) and internal validity (k=0.89). One study investigated the utility of quantitative magnetic imaging for wave sign, concluding that significant heterogeneity in T1ρ and T2 values (P&lt;0.05) of acetabular cartilage is indicative of acetabular debonding. Four studies reported treatment techniques, including bridging suture repair, reverse microfracture with bubble decompression and microfracture with fibrin adhesive glue, with the latter reporting statistically significant improvements in modified Harris hip scores at 6-months (MD=19.2, P&lt;0.05), 12-months (MD=22.0, P&lt;0.05) and 28-months (MD=17.5, P&lt;0.001). No clinical studies were available for other treatment options. There is a scarcity of literature on the wave sign. Identifying at risk symptomatic patients is important to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic techniques and operative options are still in early developmental stages. More research is needed to understand the natural history of wave sign lesions after arthroscopic surgery and whether intervention can improve long-term outcomes. Level IV, Systematic review of non-homogeneous studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040997
Author(s):  
Varo Kirthi ◽  
Paul Nderitu ◽  
Uazman Alam ◽  
Jennifer Evans ◽  
Sarah Nevitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of a higher than expected prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes. This paper presents the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of retinopathy in prediabetes. The aim of the review is to estimate the prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes and to summarise the current data.Methods and analysisThis protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive electronic bibliographic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies will report prevalence data for retinopathy on fundus photography in adults with prediabetes. No time restrictions will be placed on the date of publication. Screening for eligible studies and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently, using predefined inclusion criteria and prepiloted data extraction forms. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion, and if required, a third (senior) reviewer will arbitrate.The primary outcome is the prevalence of any standard features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on fundus photography, as per International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (ICDRSS) classification. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of (1) any retinal microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography that are not standard features of DR as per ICDRSS classification and (2) any macular microvascular abnormalities on fundus photography, including but not limited to the presence of macular exudates, microaneurysms and haemorrhages. Risk of bias for included studies will be assessed using a validated risk of bias tool for prevalence studies. Pooled estimates for the prespecified outcomes of interest will be calculated using random effects meta-analytic techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a protocol for a systematic review and no primary data are to be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international meetings including Diabetes UK, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, American Diabetes Association and International Diabetes Federation conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184820.

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