scholarly journals Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 induces a distinct global transcriptomic programme in neonatal murine intestinal epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Kiu ◽  
Agatha Treveil ◽  
Lukas C. Harnisch ◽  
Shabhonam Caim ◽  
Charlotte Leclaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve

SummaryBifidobacterium is an important gut microbiota member during early life that is associated with improved gut health. However, the underlying health-driving mechanisms are not well understood, particularly how Bifidobacterium may modulate the intestinal barrier via programming of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In this study, we sought to investigate the global impact of model strain Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 on the neonatal IEC transcriptome, including gene regulation and pathway modulation. Small IECs from two-week-old neonatal mice administered B. breve UCC2003 for three consecutive days or PBS (control group) were subjected to global RNASeq, with various bioinformatic approaches used to determine differentially expressed genes, pathways and affected cell types between control and experimental groups. Whilst colonisation with B. breve had minimal impacts on the neonatal microbiota, we observed extensive regulation of the IEC transcriptome; ~4,000 genes significantly up-regulated, including key genes associated with epithelial barrier function. Enrichment of cell differentiation and cell proliferation pathways were observed, along with an overrepresentation of stem cell marker genes, indicating an increase in the regenerative potential of the epithelial layer. Expression of distinct immune-associated pathway members (e.g. Toll-like Receptors) were also affected after neonatal B. breve colonisation. In conclusion, B. breve UCC2003 plays a central role in driving universal transcriptomic changes in neonatal IECs that enhances cell replication, differentiation and growth, predominantly in the stem cell compartment. This study enhances our overall understanding of the benefits of B. breve in driving intestinal epithelium homeostatic development during early life, with potential avenues to develop novel live biotherapeutic products.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy in EpCAM (TROP1)-Deficient Mice via Heterotopic Expression of TROP2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Gaku Nakato ◽  
Sohshi Morimura ◽  
Michael Lu ◽  
Xu Feng ◽  
Chuanjin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Function Expression ◽  
Deficient Mice

TROP1 (EpCAM) and TROP2 are homologous cell surface proteins that are widely expressed, and often co-expressed, in developing and adult epithelia. Various functions have been ascribed to EpCAM and TROP2, but responsible mechanisms are incompletely characterized and functional equivalence has not been examined. Adult intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) express high levels of EpCAM, while TROP2 is not expressed. EpCAM deficiency causes congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) in humans and a corresponding lethal condition in mice. We expressed TROP2 and EpCAM in the IEC of EpCAM-deficient mice utilizing a villin promoter to assess EpCAM and TROP2 function. Expression of EpCAM or TROP2 in the IEC of EpCAM knockout mice prevented CTE. TROP2 rescue (T2R) mice were smaller than controls, while EpCAM rescue (EpR) mice were not. Abnormalities were observed in the diameters and histology of T2R small intestine, and Paneth and stem cell markers were decreased. T2R mice also exhibited enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, enhanced permeability to 4 kDa FITC-dextran and increased sensitivity to detergent-induced colitis, consistent with compromised barrier function. Studies of IEC organoids and spheroids revealed that stem cell function was also compromised in T2R mice. We conclude that EpCAM and TROP2 exhibit functional redundancy, but they are not equivalent.

Subcloning, localization, and expression of the rat intestinal sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 8

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. G36-G41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Rongji Chen ◽  
Fayez K. Ghishan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Apical Localization

Apically expressed intestinal and renal sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) play a major role in Na+ absorption. Our previous studies on NHE ontogeny have shown that NHE-2 and NHE-3 are expressed at very low levels in young animals. Furthermore, single and/or double NHE-2 and NHE-3 knockout mice display no obvious abnormalities before weaning. These observations suggest that other transporter(s) may be involved in intestinal Na+ absorption during early life. The present studies were designed to clone the novel rat intestinal NHE-8 cDNA and to decipher the NHE-8 protein localization and gene expression pattern during different developmental stages. The rat NHE-8 cDNA has 2,160 bp and encodes a 575-amino acid protein. An antibody against NHE-8 protein was developed. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated apical localization of NHE-8 protein in rat intestinal epithelial cells. The apical localization of NHE-8 was also confirmed by its presence in brush-border membrane and its absence in basolateral membrane preparations. Northern blotting utilizing a NHE-8-specific probe demonstrated higher NHE-8 mRNA expression in young animals compared with adult animals. Western blot analysis revealed a similar pattern. Tissue distribution with multiple human tissue RNA blot showed that NHE-8 was expressed in multiple tissues including the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, we have cloned the full-length NHE-8 cDNA from rat intestine and further showed its apical localization in intestinal epithelial cells. We have also shown that NHE-8 gene expression and protein expression were regulated during ontogeny. Our data suggests that NHE-8 may play an important role in intestinal Na+ absorption during early life.

scholarly journals Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Reduces the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Guo ◽  
Congyue Zhang ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
Yantao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
E Coli

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a recognized probiotic that is widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. This study found that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) strain can reduce the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells by 75.7% and inhibit 41.7% of the E. coli that adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, LGG showed strong inhibitory ability on the growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro. Furthermore, the influence of LGG on the growth performance, intestinal flora, immunity, and disease resistance of chickens was explored. Chickens fed with LGG exhibited increased average daily weight gain and concentrations of sIgA, IgG, and IgM than did controls. After 21 days of feeding, a diet with LGG increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and maintained intestinal health. Moreover, LGG promoted immunologic barriers by upregulating cytokines and chemokines via the Toll-like receptor. The major pro-inflammatory factors, including Myd88, NF-κB, Il6, and Il8, were upregulated compared to controls. After being challenged with E. coli, the survival rate of chickens fed with LGG was significantly higher than those in the control group, and decreased numbers of E. coli were detected in the heart and lungs of the LGG group. In summary, oral administration of LGG to chickens could improve growth performance, maintain intestinal homeostasis, and enhance innate immune response and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Benzoic Acid Used as Food and Feed Additives Can Regulate Gut Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbing Mao ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

As a kind of antibacterial and antifungal preservative, benzoic acid is widely used in foods and feeds. Recently, many studies showed that it could improve the growth and health, which should, at least partially, be derived from the promotion of gut functions, including digestion, absorption, and barrier. Based on the similarity of gut physiology between human and pigs, many relative studies in which piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells were used as the models have been done. And the results showed that using appropriate benzoic acid levels might improve gut functions via regulating enzyme activity, redox status, immunity, and microbiota, but excess administration would lead to the damage of gut health through redox status. However, the further mechanisms that some intestinal physiological functions might be regulated are not well understood. The present review will, in detail, summarize the effect of benzoic acid on gut functions.

scholarly journals Mapping global research trends in stem cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096582
Author(s):  
Yuming Chong ◽  
Chang Han ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Xiao Long
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a series of digestive system abnormalities and parenteral manifestations. Stem cell therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment for IBD. Methods We searched Web of Science Core Collection for publications of interest from 1991 to 2019. Publication performance was analyzed using several bibliometric parameters, including Statplanet to reveal the geographic distribution of the publications, VOSviewer to identify the research landscape of hot topics, and CiteSpace to show keywords with the strongest citation bursts. Results A total of 1230 publications were identified, of which 674 articles were analyzed further. The United States was the most productive country and Spanish researchers published the highest quality articles. At a journal level, Gastroenterology published the greatest number of articles, while articles from Gut had the highest citation number. Results from the research landscape analysis of hot topics and the top 20 terms with the strongest citation bursts indicated that animal experiments, immunocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, cytokine expression, and clinical efficacy were the main focuses of research. Conclusion Stem cell therapy for IBD is currently receiving increasing attention by researchers, with focuses on animal experiments, immunocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, cytokine expression, and clinical efficacy.

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