scholarly journals Diverse viruses have restricted biogeography in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaina Thomas ◽  
Rika Anderson ◽  
Viola Li ◽  
Jenni Rogan ◽  
Julie A. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Viral Diversity ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Axial Seamount

AbstractIn the ocean, viruses impact microbial mortality, regulate biogeochemical cycling, and alter the metabolic potential of microbial lineages. At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, abundant viruses infect a wide range of hosts among the archaea and bacteria that inhabit these dynamic habitats. However, little is known about viral diversity, host range, and biogeography across different vent ecosystems, which has important implications for how viruses manipulate microbial function and evolution. Here, we examined viral diversity, viral and host distribution, and viral-host interactions in venting fluids from two geographically distant hydrothermal systems, the Mid-Cayman Rise in the Caribbean Sea and Axial Seamount in the Pacific Ocean. Analysis of viral sequences and CRISPR spacers revealed highly diverse viral assemblages and abundant lysogenic viruses, with 40% of metagenome-assembled genomes encoding a putative prophage. Network analysis revealed that viral host range was relatively narrow, with very few viruses infecting multiple microbial lineages. Viruses were largely endemic to individual vent sites, indicating restricted dispersal, and in some cases viral assemblages persisted over time. Thus, while the viruses at deep-sea hydrothermal systems play an important role in driving the evolution and ecology of resident vent microbial communities, their influence is highly localized to specific regions and taxa.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain ventii, Isolated from a Microbial Mat near Hydrothermal Vents within the Axial Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, and Resequencing of the Type Strains Streptomyces lonarensis NCL 716 and Streptomyces bohaiensis 11A07

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Loughran ◽  
Edward A. Mitchell ◽  
Oliver B. Vining ◽  
David A. Gallegos ◽  
Monica C. Deadmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Axial Seamount ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT The draft genome of Streptomyces sp. strain ventii, an environmental isolate recovered from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, is presented along with the resequenced draft genomes of the type strains Streptomyces bohaiensis 11A07 and Streptomyces lonarensis NCL 716.

scholarly journals A biogeographic network reveals evolutionary links between deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep faunas

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1844) ◽  
pp. 20162337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kiel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Active Continental Margins ◽  
Ocean Ridge

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are inhabited by members of the same higher taxa but share few species, thus scientists have long sought habitats or regions of intermediate character that would facilitate connectivity among these habitats. Here, a network analysis of 79 vent, seep, and whale-fall communities with 121 genus-level taxa identified sedimented vents as a main intermediate link between the two types of ecosystems. Sedimented vents share hot, metal-rich fluids with mid-ocean ridge-type vents and soft sediment with seeps. Such sites are common along the active continental margins of the Pacific Ocean, facilitating connectivity among vent/seep faunas in this region. By contrast, sedimented vents are rare in the Atlantic Ocean, offering an explanation for the greater distinction between its vent and seep faunas compared with those of the Pacific Ocean. The distribution of subduction zones and associated back-arc basins, where sedimented vents are common, likely plays a major role in the evolutionary and biogeographic connectivity of vent and seep faunas. The hypothesis that decaying whale carcasses are dispersal stepping stones linking these environments is not supported.

Organic complexation of copper in deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia G. Sander ◽  
Andrea Koschinsky ◽  
Gary Massoth ◽  
Matthew Stott ◽  
Keith A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Conditional Stability ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Organic Complexation

Environmental context. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents represent a natural habitat for many extremophile organisms able to cope with extreme physical and chemical conditions, including high loads of heavy metals and reduced gases. To date, no information is available on the level and role of organic complexation of metals in these systems, which will have consequences on the bioavailability and precipitation or mineralisation of metals. In this work, we give evidence for the presence of organic molecules, including thiols, capable of forming complexes with copper strong enough to compete against sulfide present at high levels in hydrothermal systems. Abstract. Here we report, for the first time, that strong organic complexation plays an important role in the chemical speciation of copper in hydrothermal vent systems including medium temperature outlets, diffuse vents with an adjacent hydrothermal biocommunity, and local mixing zone with seawater. Samples from three deep-sea hydrothermal vent areas show a wide concentration range of organic copper-binding ligands, up to 4000 nM, with very high conditional stability constants (log K′Cu′L = 12.48 to 13.46). Measurements were usually made using voltammetric methods after removal of sulfide species under ambient seawater conditions (pH 7.8), but binding still occurs at pH 4.5 and 2.1. The voltammetric behaviour of our hydrothermal samples is compared with that of glutathione (GSH) a known strong Cu-binding ligand, as a representative of an organic thiol. Our results provide compelling evidence for the presence of organic ligands, including thiols, which form complexes strong enough to play an important role in controlling the bioavailability and geochemical behaviour of metal ions around hydrothermal vents.

Reproductive biology, sexual dimorphism, and population structure of the deep sea hydrothermal vent scale-worm, Branchipolynoe seepensis (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jollivet ◽  
A. Empis ◽  
M.C. Baker ◽  
S. Hourdez ◽  
T. Comtet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spawning Periods

The polychaete family Polynoidae (scale-worms) is well-represented at deep sea hydrothermal vents. Most species are free-living in a wide range of habitats: from high-temperature hydrothermal `chimney' walls to diffuse venting areas. Conversely, species of the genus Branchipolynoe live inside the mantle cavity of vent and seep mytilids. Specimens, morphologically close to Branchipolynoe seepensis, have been reported from all the known vent areas on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), with varying infestation rates (0–6 individuals per host). Reproductive tract, gametogenesis and population structures were examined for specimens from the Lucky Strike vent field (MAR) in order to test whether this species displays dwarf males, protandric hermaphroditism or differential mortality between males and females. Observations of histological sections reveal the presence of fully developed ovaries in females which originate ventrally in segments 7–9 and of an unusual genital tract in which both sperm and mature oocytes are stored. Oogenesis is intraovarian and quasi-continuous. The vitellogenic oocytes are only free in the coelom at their terminal growing stage and are then transferred into an ovisac through spermathecae. The species displays an external sexual dimorphism in the number of genital papillae and the shape of the pygidial appendages. Sex ratios showed significant deviations from a 1:1 expected ratio, in favour of females. The modal decompositions of size–frequency histograms show the occurrence of three modes in females and only two modes in males, indicating discrete breeding periods. The two first modes were not significantly different between males and females. These results indicate that B. seepensis forms heterosexual pairs and uses internal fertilization to reproduce during discrete spawning periods. Differential mortality between males and females is likely to shape size-histograms as observed by preventing males from reaching the female proportions. Such an observation could be a result of either cannibalism on larger males, small sizes facilitating the male escape, or natural predation when males move from one bivalve to another to breed.

scholarly journals Interaction between Microbes, Minerals, and Fluids in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Systems

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Shamik Dasgupta ◽  
Xiaotong Peng ◽  
Kaiwen Ta
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Chemical Gradients ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Metabolic Activities

The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the late 1970s widened the limits of life and habitability. The mixing of oxidizing seawater and reduction of hydrothermal fluids create a chemical disequilibrium that is exploited by chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea to harness energy by converting inorganic carbon into organic biomass. Due to the rich variety of chemical sources and steep physico-chemical gradients, a large array of microorganisms thrive in these extreme environments, which includes but are not restricted to chemolithoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs. Past research has revealed the underlying relationship of these microbial communities with the subsurface geology and hydrothermal geochemistry. Endolithic microbial communities at the ocean floor catalyze a number of redox reactions through various metabolic activities. Hydrothermal chimneys harbor Fe-reducers, sulfur-reducers, sulfide and H2-oxidizers, methanogens, and heterotrophs that continuously interact with the basaltic, carbonate, or ultramafic basement rocks for energy-yielding reactions. Here, we briefly review the global deep-sea hydrothermal systems, microbial diversity, and microbe–mineral interactions therein to obtain in-depth knowledge of the biogeochemistry in such a unique and geologically critical subseafloor environment.

scholarly journals The Geoglobus acetivorans Genome: Fe(III) Reduction, Acetate Utilization, Autotrophic Growth, and Degradation of Aromatic Compounds in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Mardanov ◽  
Galina B. Slododkina ◽  
Alexander I. Slobodkin ◽  
Alexey V. Beletsky ◽  
Sergey N. Gavrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Modified Embden Meyerhof Pathway

ABSTRACTGeoglobus acetivoransis a hyperthermophilic anaerobic euryarchaeon of the orderArchaeoglobalesisolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. A unique physiological feature of the members of the genusGeoglobusis their obligate dependence on Fe(III) reduction, which plays an important role in the geochemistry of hydrothermal systems. The features of this organism and its complete 1,860,815-bp genome sequence are described in this report. Genome analysis revealed pathways enabling oxidation of molecular hydrogen, proteinaceous substrates, fatty acids, aromatic compounds,n-alkanes, and organic acids, including acetate, through anaerobic respiration linked to Fe(III) reduction. Consistent with the inability ofG. acetivoransto grow on carbohydrates, the modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway encoded by the genome is incomplete. Autotrophic CO2fixation is enabled by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Reduction of insoluble poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide depends on the transfer of electrons from the quinone pool to multihemec-type cytochromes exposed on the cell surface. Direct contact of the cells and Fe(III) oxide particles could be facilitated by pilus-like appendages. Genome analysis indicated the presence of metabolic pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds andn-alkanes, although an ability ofG. acetivoransto grow on these substrates was not observed in laboratory experiments. Overall, our results suggest thatGeoglobusspecies could play an important role in microbial communities of deep-sea hydrothermal vents as lithoautotrophic producers. An additional role as decomposers would close the biogeochemical cycle of carbon through complete mineralization of various organic compounds via Fe(III) respiration.

Lysogenic virus–host interactions predominate at deep-sea diffuse-flow hydrothermal vents

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J Williamson ◽  
S Craig Cary ◽  
Kurt E Williamson ◽  
Rebekah R Helton ◽  
Shellie R Bench ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Host Interactions

Phylogeny of Hesionidae (Aciculata, Annelida), with four new species from deep-sea eastern Pacific methane seeps, and resolution of the affinity of Hesiolyra

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg W. Rouse ◽  
Jose Ignacio Carvajal ◽  
Fredrik Pleijel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Methane Seeps ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa

Hesionidae Grube, 1850 currently comprises over 175 species in 28 genera, placed in several subfamilies. Discoveries in recent years have largely been of deep-sea taxa. Here we describe a further four new hesionid species, mainly from methane ‘cold’ seeps at around 1000–1800 m depths off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and new record of another species. Several of these taxa also occur at methane seeps in the Guaymas Basis (Mexico) and off the USA west coast (California and Oregon). The phylogenetic relationships within Hesionidae are reassessed via maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear (18S rRNA and 28SrRNA) and mitochondrial (16SrRNA and Cytochrome c oxidase I) loci for the new samples. On the basis of these results, we refer one of the new species to Gyptis Marion & Bobretzky in Marion, 1874, one to Neogyptis Pleijel, Rouse, Sundkvist & Nygren, 2012, and two to Sirsoe Pleijel, 1998. The new species Gyptis robertscrippsi n. sp., Neogyptis jeffruoccoi n. sp., Sirsoe dalailamai n. sp. and Sirsoe munki n. sp. We refer to a collection of individuals from seeps ranging from Oregon to Costa Rica as Amphiduropsis cf. axialensis (Blake & Hilbig, 1990), even though this species was described from hydrothermal vents off Oregon. Neogyptis jeffruoccoi n. sp. was generally found living inside the solemyid clam Acharax johnsoni (Dall, 1891). The position of Hesiolyra bergi Blake, 1985 is resolved on the basis of newly-collected specimens from near the type locality and, as a result, Hesiolyrinae Pleijel, 1998 is synonymized with Gyptini Pleijel, 1998 (and Gyptinae Pleijel, 1998). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C0E88EE-34F8-4F25-9EC8-91797618AC86

Phylogeny, biogeography and systematics of Pacific vent, methane seep, and whale-fall Parougia (Dorvilleidae : Annelida), with eight new species

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Nicole K. Yen ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Dorvilleidae is a diverse group of annelids found in many marine environments and also commonly associated with chemosynthetic habitats. One dorvilleid genus, Parougia, currently has 11 described species, of which two are found at vents or seeps: Parougia wolfi and Parougia oregonensis. Eight new Parougia species are recognised and described in this study from collections in the Pacific Ocean, all from whale-falls, hydrothermal vents, or methane seeps at ~600-m depth or greater. The specimens were studied using morphology and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b) and nuclear (18S rRNA and histone 3) genes. Six sympatric Parougia spp. were found at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, while three of the Parougia species occurred at different types of chemosynthetic habitats. Two new species were found over wide geographical and bathymetric ranges. Another dorvilleid genus, Ophryotrocha, has previously been highlighted as diversifying in the deep-sea environment. Our results document the hitherto unknown diversity of another dorvilleid genus, Parougia, at various chemosynthetic environments. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC7EBBEA-2FB5-43D6-BE53-1A468B541A5C

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