scholarly journals Determination of Robust Regional CT Radiomics Features for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubunnabi Tamal
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe lung CT images of COVID-19 patients can be characterized by three different regions – Ground Glass Opacity (GGO), consolidation and pleural effusion. GCOs have been shown to precede consolidations. Quantitative characterization of these regions using radiomics can facilitate accurate diagnosis, disease progression and response to treatment. However, according to the knowledge of the author, regional CT radiomics analysis of COVID-19 patients has not been carried out. This study aims to address these by determining the radiomics features that can characterize each of the regions separately and can distinguish the regions from each other.Methods44 radiomics features were generated with four quantization levels for 23 CT slice of 17 patients. Two approaches were the implemented to determine the features that can differentiate between lung regions – 1) Z-score and correlation heatmaps and 2) one way ANOVA for finding statistically significantly difference (p<0.05) between the regions. Radiomics features that show agreement for all cases (Z-score, correlation and statistical significant test) were selected as suitable features. The features were then tested on 52 CT images.Results10 radiomics features were found to be the most suitable among 44 features. When applied on the test images, they can differentiate between GCO, consolidation and pleural effusion successfully and the difference provided by these 10 features between three lung regions are statistically significant.ConclusionThe ten robust radiomics features can be useful in extracting quantitative data from CT lung images to characterize the disease in the patient, which in turn can help in more accurate diagnosis, staging the severity of the disease and allow the clinician to plan for more successful personalized treatment for COVID-19 patients. They can also be used for monitoring the progression of COVID-19 and response to therapy for clinical trials.

scholarly journals Common and Uncommon Imaging Appearances of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Young and Middle-Aged Group and Elderly Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mahmoudabadi ◽  
Hamed Masoumi ◽  
Mohammad Keshtkar ◽  
Arash Azhideh ◽  
Hamidreza Haghighatkhah
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Lung Region ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Lower Lung

Purpose: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated chest Computed Tomography (CT) imaging manifestations of the patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to simplify prompt early diagnosis of disease and speed up needed actions for infected patients. Materials and Methods: Totally, 75 patients who laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this study. CT images, demographic and some clinical data of all patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Furthermore, for comparison, the patients were divided into two groups as follows: the young and middle-aged group (< 60 years old) and the elderly group (≥ 60 years old). Results: Based on the evaluation of CT images, 33 patients (44%) showed Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO), 15 patients (20%) showed consolidation, 24 patients (32%) showed mixed GGO and consolidation, 2 patients (2.6%) had bronchial wall thickening, 10 patients (13.3%) had a crazy paving sign, 35 patients (46.6%) had air bronchogram and, 7 patients (9.3%) had cavitation and 2 patients (2.6%) had a tree in the bud. CT images of 3 patients (4%) were normal. In terms of out of lung changes, lymphadenopathy was observed in one patient (1.3%), pleural effusion in 12 patients (16%), and pericardial effusion in 2 patients (2.6%). Lesions were found predominantly in the peripheral (57.3%) and the lower lung region (60%). Conclusion: CT images of the COVID-19 patients showed various aspects, mainly GGO, consolidation, mixed GGO and consolidation, and air bronchogram. Lesion distribution was predominantly in lower lung region, bilateral and peripheral. Pleural effusion and multiple lobe involvement were significantly higher in the elderly group than that of the young and middle-aged group.

scholarly journals P005 Regulators of the guanylate cyclase pathway are potential novel markers of mucosal healing in IBD

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S131-S132
Author(s):  
L E Jeffery ◽  
U N Shivaji ◽  
D Zardo ◽  
A Acharjee ◽  
O M Nardone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Intestinal guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) present in epithelial cells has been shown to have a role in gut homeostasis. The downstream effects of activation of GC-C are due to production of cyclic-GMP. GC-C is encoded by the gene GUCY2C, mutations in which are implicated in Familial Diarrhoea Syndrome and noted as risk factors for Crohn’s disease. GUCY2C and its activator, GUCA2A have been shown to be downregulated in IBD. We hypothesised that regulation of this pathway might be important in remission and response to therapy. Methods Forty-four patients with IBD and 7 patients with polyps (controls) at University Hospitals Birmingham, UK were recruited under ethical consent. Relevant demographic and clinical data were extracted from the hospital EMR. All patients had disease activity recorded on endoscopic examination of mucosa and intestinal biopsies collected for analysis. Mucosal healing was defined as MES = 0 (UC) and SES-CD &lt;6 (CD). Of 44 patients, 14 had matched baseline and 12-week post-biologic therapy assessment and had tissues collected. Intestinal biopsies were analysed by 3’RNA-sequencing using the Illumina Nextseq sequencer. FASTQ files were generated through BaseSpace and reads de-multiplexed, trimmed, aligned, and quantified using the GeneGlobe (Qiagen) workflow. Expression was compared between groups using either Wilcoxon tests or Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post-hoc analysis as appropriate. Results Expression of Guanylate cyclase activators GUCA2A and GUCA2B in patients who showed mucosal healing was equivalent to controls, but GUCA2A was down-regulated in those with active disease (non-healing) (p = 0.006). The same pattern was observed for transcriptional regulators of GUCY2C, including HNF4A (p = 0.0248) and CDX2 (0.0062). Correspondingly, GUCY2C was reduced in non-healing mucosa, although the difference was not significant (Figure 1). In patients who responded to biologic therapy, both GUCA2A (p = 0.0234) and GUCA2B (p = 0.0117) were increased at follow-up but no change was observed for those who did not respond. Change in GUCY2C expression did not reach statistical significance in either group, although an increase was observed for a large proportion of responders. Conclusion Our findings suggest that regulation of the Guanylate Cyclase pathway may be involved in the restoration of a stable mucosa in IBD and that expression of its regulators may be used to indicate response to treatment.

scholarly journals Association of Interferon-Alpha and Ribavirin-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction with Severity of Disease and Response to Treatment in Pakistani Asian Patients of Chronic Hepatitis C

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amina Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Objective. To determine the association of thyroid dysfunction with the severity of the disease and response to treatment in patients of chronic hepatitis C. Design. Cohort study. Patients. One hundred and sixty seven noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients were grouped into treatment group (n=107) and control group (n=60). Measurements. Baseline S. ALT and S. AST by IFCC and S. TSH, S. free T4, and S.T3 level were measured by chemiluminescence method. The severity of the disease was measured by Knodell histopathological index (HPI) on liver biopsy. Study group patients underwent 24-weeks IFN and ribavirin therapy and thyroid functions were determined at weeks 0, 12, and 24. Response to therapy was determined by PCR-HCV test. Results. 20 treated patients (18.69%) developed thyroid dysfunction with relative risk (RR) of 11.25 and attributable risk (AR) of 91%. Females were at higher risk. Hypothyroidism was common than hyperthyroidism. There was no significant association between thyroid dysfunction and severity of the disease (P=0.81) and response to therapy (P=0.79). Conclusion. Interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy induces thyroid dysfunction in chronic hepatitis C patients. There is no association between severity of disease and response to therapy with interferon-induced thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Use of amantadine in the evaluation of response to chemotherapy in lung cancer: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. FSO679
Author(s):  
Andrew W Maksymiuk ◽  
Paramjit S Tappia ◽  
Rashid Ahmed Bux ◽  
Dante Moyer ◽  
Guoyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

Aim: The assessment of tumor response to therapy is of critical importance as it permits for a prospective end point evaluation and provides a guide to clinicians for making future treatment decisions. However, current practices in early evaluation of chemotherapy are insufficient. Amantadine is a substrate for SSAT-1. The present pilot study tests the hypothesis that SSAT-1 activity within the tumor, as measured by plasma acetylamantadine concentrations, can be used to monitor patient response to therapy. Results: In cases with evidence of disease response, there was a reduction in the plasma acetylamantadine concentration at 4 h by approximately 32%. There was a mean increase of approximately 34% at the 4 h collection in the nonresponders. Conclusion: Although large-scale studies are required these findings suggest that the amantadine test could allow for determination of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions earlier, providing an effective test to assess response to treatment and for better management of patients.

scholarly journals Deep learning Enables Accurate Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) with CT images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ying ◽  
Shuangjia Zheng ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Healthy Persons

BackgroundA novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged recently as an acute respiratory syndrome. The outbreak was originally reported in Wuhan, China, but has subsequently been spread world-widely. As the COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly across the world, computed tomography (CT) has become essentially important for fast diagnoses. Thus, it is urgent to develop an accurate computer-aided method to assist clinicians to identify COVID-19-infected patients by CT images.Materials and MethodsWe collected chest CT scans of 88 patients diagnosed with the COVID-19 from hospitals of two provinces in China, 101 patients infected with bacteria pneumonia, and 86 healthy persons for comparison and modeling. Based on the collected dataset, a deep learning-based CT diagnosis system (DeepPneumonia) was developed to identify patients with COVID-19.ResultsThe experimental results showed that our model can accurately identify the COVID-19 patients from others with an excellent AUC of 0.99 and recall (sensitivity) of 0.93. In addition, our model was capable of discriminating the COVID-19 infected patients and bacteria pneumonia-infected patients with an AUC of 0.95, recall (sensitivity) of 0.96. Moreover, our model could localize the main lesion features, especially the ground-glass opacity (GGO) that is of great help to assist doctors in diagnosis. The diagnosis for a patient could be finished in 30 seconds, and the implementation on Tianhe-2 supercompueter enables a parallel executions of thousands of tasks simultaneously. An online server is available for online diagnoses with CT images by http://biomed.nscc-gz.cn/server/Ncov2019.ConclusionsThe established models can achieve a rapid and accurate identification of COVID-19 in human samples, thereby allowing identification of patients.

Profil Penyakit Malaria Di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

Profil Penyakit Malaria di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Rahma Triyana Y ◽  
Salmi Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. Determination of the description of Malaria disease in an area is needed to determine the spread and severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution according to age, sex and place of residence, description of the types of Plasmodium causes of Malaria and hematological features in Malaria patients at Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with an approach or design cross section (cross sectional). The frequency distribution of Malaria sufferers in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 according to the highest age was in the age group 21-30 years as many as 28 cases (36.8%), the highest sex among men was 46 (60.5%) and the highest number of residences was found in Koto Tangah sub-district there were 31 cases (40.8%). The type of Plasmodium found in Malaria cases in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 was P. vivax (73 cases (96.05%)) and P. falciparum (3 cases (3.95%)). The results of laboratory tests on Hb, hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte levels in Malaria positive patients in Siti Rahmah Padang Hospital in 2018 were in the normal range.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
National Education ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

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