Com paring Differences in Accuracy across Conditions or Individuals: An Argument for the Use of Log Odds proportion of correct responses in each condition, one much-used the comparison of simple algebraic differences -that is, the difference proportion of correct responses) of subject A under each with the difference between the scores of subject B. Other simple quotients , z- score differences , and differences in d derived

This study investigates the impact of credit risk on the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the Z-score to proxy the financial stability of banks. We use the data of 27 Vietnamese commercial banks on BankScope, during 2010 - 2019. The paper applied a dynamic panel data approach; the selected method is the difference GMM (DGMM). The key question discussed is which factor impacts on Z-score. Analysis results show the negative effect of non-performing loans on the financial stability of banks. When commercial banks have higher non-performing loans, the lower the financial stability is. Additionally, bank-specific variables such as equity on asset ratio, the return on equity, the size of the bank and set of macroeconomic variables affect the bank’s financial stability. Based on the analysis results, we imply relevant policies for the State Bank of Vietnam and commercial banks.

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The effect of soybean formula and formula 100 supplementation on the growth of preschool children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi45.6.2005.256-63 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

M Mexitalia ◽

Yohanes Tri Nugroho ◽

J C Susanto

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Body Height ◽

High Energy ◽

Second Phase ◽

Z Score ◽

Health Food ◽

Alternative Health ◽

Second Phases ◽

The Difference ◽

Weight For Age

Background Preschool children are vulnerable in growth. Soy-bean formula (SF) and formula-100 (F100) are supplementary foodswhich contain of high energy and are available at low price; how-ever, they are not widely used for preschool children.Objectives To investigate the effect of SF compared to F100 onthe growth of preschool children.Methods A cross-over trial was conducted on 96 preschool chil-dren aged 4-7 years. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groupswhich received 200 ml soybean formula (n=49) or F100 (n=47) for1 month and crossed-over after a six-week wash-out period. Bodyweight was measured weekly. Body height and food analysis by 3-day food recall were measured at the beginning and the end of thestudy. The criteria of the acceptability of the formula was eithergood or poor.Results Supplementation with SF as well as F100 induced catchup growth as shown by the increase of Δz-score. There were nosignificant difference of Δ weight for age z-score, Δ height for agez-score, and Δ weight for height z score between groups duringthe first and second phases of the trial. The acceptability of F100was significantly better than that of SF at the beginning; neverthe-less, the difference was not significant at the second phase trial.Conclusions Soybean formula and F100 given for a one monthperiod can induce catch-up growth in preschool children. Soybeanformula as an alternative health food can be accepted by preschoolchildren

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Statistical Analysis of Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Data from Universal Testing Machine

Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics ◽

10.9734/ajpas/2020/v9i330230 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri ◽

Siti Atiqa Al Zahra Mat Darus

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Z Score ◽

P Values ◽

Strength Data ◽

Universal Testing Machine ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Relative Standard ◽

The Difference

The tensile strength and flexural strength are the most important mechanical properties as they provide the value of maximum tensile stress and flexural stress. The objective of this study is to analyze statistically the tensile strength and flexural strength data obtained from a universal testing machine. The tests were conducted upon a thermoplastic, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which was in-house molded by using an injection-molding machine. Three different persons have performed the tensile and flexural tests. Three other laboratories have also been involved in these tests. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values were calculated to express the precision and repeatability of the tests. Later, the standard score (z-score) values were also calculated to aid the comparison of the data. Finally, the single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate statistically significant differences between the means of the tensile strength and flexural strength data of each person and laboratory. From the calculation, the RSD values of all three persons and laboratories were lower than 5%, indicating that the data were consistent. The z-score values of all three persons were within the range from -2 to 2, suggesting that the data were close to average. However, the z-score value for one of three laboratories was not within the range, demonstrating that the data was unusual. The P-values of all three persons were higher than 0.05 (except for flexural strength), implying that the difference between the means of the data was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the P-values of all three laboratories were lower than 0.05, indicating that the difference between the means of the data was statistically significant.

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Sesgo en la estratificación del síndrome coronario agudo al calcular el grace- score con 1ª, 2ª o troponina Δ

Revista Cuarzo ◽

10.26752/cuarzo.v24.n2.353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Victor Martinez ◽

Aníbal Alfonso Teherán Valderrama ◽

Gina González ◽

Juan Carlos Hernández ◽

Alejandra Caicedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Risk ◽

Z Score ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Third ◽

Initial Care ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Grace Score ◽

Invasive Management

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the first cause of mortality in Colombia. An erroneous risk stratification, in the emergency room (ER), affects the interventions performed and the rate of major cardiovascular adverse events. We measured the difference in GRACE score and stratification of coronary risk, by using the results of troponins measured sequentially during initial care. Methods: With a retrospective descriptive design, clinical records of patients treated for precordial pain of ≥ intermediate probability for ACS were evaluated, without indication of immediate invasive management, attended in the ER of a clinic of the third level of Bogotá, during 2017. Determined the difference between the GRACE score calculated with the first (GRACE-1), second (GRACE-2) or troponin delta (GRACE-delta) [paired T-test], and the proportion of poorly stratified patients was measured when using the first troponin [X2, Z-score]. Results: 44 patients in a period of 6 months were identified. The majority men, older adults, middle age 73 years. The average (SD) of scores GRACE-1, GRACE-2 and GRACE-delta, was 114.14 (30.73), 115.55 (30.14) and 111.11 (28.79), respectively; when comparing GRACE-delta with GRACE-1 and GRACE-2 significant differences were identified (p: <0.05). Error in the stratification of coronary risk was identified in 10/44 patients (22.7%), and 9/44 (20.4%) presented over-stratification. Conclusion: The stratification of coronary risk using the first troponin, unlike the troponin delta (item not clarified in the guidelines), evidenced an over-stratification in at least 20% of the patients, establishing the need for more invasive procedures and possibly longer hospital stay.

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Analisis Penilaian Financial Distress Dengan Menggunakan Model Altman Z-Score Dan Model Springate Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2015-2019

Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Manajemen (JKIM) ◽

10.21107/jkim.v1i1.10592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Febriana Anindyka ◽

Makhmud Zulkifli

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Financial Distress ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Z Score ◽

Financial Condition ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

Score Model ◽

A Company ◽

Data Analysis Methods

The aim of this research to analyze financial distress of Manufature Company by using Altman Z-Score and Springate Models. Moreover, this research aimed to know aims to determine the similarities and differences in the results of the analysis of financial distress assessment using the Altman Z-Score model and the Springate Model. This research used Descriptive statistics and data analysis methods used in this research were Altman Z-Score and Springate Model. To the finding on the research, it showed that (1) ) After evaluating the Altman Z-Score and Springate models, there are fifty companies that fall into different conditions. (2) The similarities and differences in the results of the Atman Z-Score model and the Springate model are the results of the two models that can be seen from having almost the same variable components and the difference is that the results of the financial distress assessment using the Altman Z-score model and the Springate model show that both These models have different criteria in determining the financial condition of a company.

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I Can Grow as an In Utero if You Give Me Enough Nutrition: Premature ≤29 Weeks Gestation

10.20944/preprints202105.0402.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Hoyos

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

In Utero ◽

Z Score ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Oral Nutrition ◽

Premature Babies ◽

The Difference ◽

Score Point

Introduction: In general, everyone believe they should grow as “in utero” for the smallest premature babies but many thinks that it is not possible with today's nutrition “guidelines”. There is resistance to give enough nutrition for fear of "toxicity". We use volumes that some would consider high, although there are more and more groups that accept it. We chose the difference in Z-score between birth and a corrected discharge gestational age to assess postnatal growth in our unit.Material and methods: Between January 2018 and December 2020, we review all cases ≤ 29 weeks of GA at birth that survived to 36 weeks corrected gestational age, or that were discharged home if this occurred before. We had a protocol with extremely aggressive nutrition including parenteral as well as oral nutrition. We then separated the patients who had lost more than 1 Z-score point to see the weight trajectory plotted on the Fenton 2013 growth curve and to review the clinical characteristics of those patients. We also graphed the patients who had had a smaller Z-score difference to also see their trajectory in the Fenton curves. We calculate the number of cases, medians, and interquartile ranges for all groups.Results: We fount 32 cases. The median ± IQR (interquartile range) of change in Z-score between birth and discharge of the whole group was -0.52 ± 0.53; 6/32 (19%) had more than 1 point drop; all had severe diseases listed in Figure 1 with plotting all cases. The median decline in Z score ± IQR of this group with poor growth was 1.24 ± 0.22. The group of cases with a fall of <1 point of Z score were 26 (81%), the median ± IQR of fall of Z score was 0.39 ± 0.55 (see figure 2). All cases had the initial fall in weight the first 1-2 weeks. No important complications secondary to the ingested volumes or parenteral nutrition were reported. Conclusion: The group of cases with a fall of > 1 point of Z score had severe pathologies. The other cases had an adequate growth parallel to normal growth charts in some cases with some catch up.Discussion: With this work we try to show that in many premature babies it is possible to grow like in utero if they are given enough nutrition. Randomized studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

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Wall stress misrepresents afterload in children and young adults with abnormal left ventricular geometry

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00750.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 1053-1057 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Thomas L. Gentles ◽

Steven D. Colan

Keyword(s):

Normal Population ◽

Wall Stress ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Geometry ◽

Z Score ◽

Fiber Stress ◽

Ventricular Geometry ◽

Wide Range ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Difference

Wall stress, although commonly used as an index of afterload, fails to take into account forces generated within the wall of the left ventricle (LV) that oppose systolic fiber shortening. Wall stress may, therefore, misrepresent fiber stress, the force resisting fiber shortening, particularly in the presence of an abnormal LV thickness-to-dimension ratio ( h/ D). M-mode LV echocardiograms were obtained from 207 patients with a wide range of values for LV mass and/or h/ D. Diagnoses were valvar aortic stenosis, coarctation repair, anthracycline treated, and severe aortic and/or mitral regurgitation. End-systolic wall stress (WSes) and fiber stress (FSes) were expressed as age-corrected Z scores relative to a normal population. The difference between WSes and FSes was extreme when h/ D was elevated or reduced [WSes Z score − FSes Z score = 0.14 × ( h/ D)−1.47 − 2.13; r = 0.78, P < 0.001], with WSes underestimating FSes when h/ D was increased and overestimating FSes when h/ D was decreased. Analyses of myocardial mechanics based on wall stress have limited validity in patients with abnormal ventricular geometry.

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A study of carotid intima-media thickness in GH-deficient Japanese adults during onset among adults and children

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1480333 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 333-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M Murata ◽

H Kaji ◽

I Mizuno ◽

T Sakurai ◽

K Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gh Deficiency ◽

Adult Life ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Z Score ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

OBJECTIVES: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) has been reported among Caucasian adult GH-deficient (AGHD) patients, but not Japanese. Also, it is known that the clinical and biochemical characteristics of AGHD patients are somewhat different based on the onset of the disease in either childhood or adult life. Nevertheless, there has been no study comparing the magnitude of the deviation of their IMT from normal subjects between child-onset (CO) and adult-onset (AO) patients in terms of Z score. The aim of this study, therefore, was first to examine whether Japanese AGHD patients have a risk of early development of atherosclerosis similar to Caucasian patients and secondly to assess the difference in the onset and in progression of atherosclerosis. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Thirty-four patients (17 CO-AGHD, age 29+/-7 Years, body mass index (BMI) 24+/-3.8 kg/m(2) and 17 AO-AGHD, age 48+/-12 Years, BMI 23+/-3.6 kg/m(2)) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (17 CO controls and 17 AO controls) were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were taken for measurements of lipids, lipoproteins and IGF-I. Subsequently, patients underwent IMT assessment. RESULTS: CO patients were significantly younger than AO patients. The duration of GH-deficiency in CO patients was significantly longer than that in AO patients. Serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly higher in CO patients than in CO controls (P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol and TG were significantly higher in AO patients than in AO controls (P<0.01). The IMT was significantly greater in CO and AO patients (0.82+/-0.08 and 0.79+/-0.03 mm) than in CO and AO controls (0.59+/-0.02 and 0.68+/-0.03 mm, P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively). There was no significant difference in raw values of IMT between CO and AO patients. However, the Z score of IMT calculated using normal Japanese IMT values was significantly higher in CO than in AO patients (2.07+/-0.68 vs 0.35+/-0.48, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that GH deficiency appears to increase an atherosclerotic risk in Japanese AGHD patients, as with Caucasians, and to cause more extensive IMT thickening in CO-AGHD than AO-AGHD patients.

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Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia Seen in Enugu, Nigeria.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19176/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Josephat Maduabuchi Chinawa ◽

Bartholomew F Chukwu ◽

Awoere T Chinawa ◽

Ndudi Ossai ◽

Anthony N Ikefuna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Ventricular Function ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Right Ventricular Function ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽

Z Score ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is characterized by attendant ischemia-reperfusion injury especially to the heart. Objectives: To compare the right ventricular function of children with SCA in steady state (subjects) with those with haemoglobin AA genotype (controls), using echocardiography. Methods: The cross-sectional study utilized echocardiographic measurements to assess right ventricular function among children with SCA and their controls. Results: The mean trans annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in subjects, 28.24±5.23 (Z score: 0.258±1.10) was higher than that in control, 25.82±3.59 (Z score: - 0.263±0.80), and the difference in mean was statistically significant, (t=2.703, p=0.008). Significantly higher proportion of subjects with sickle cell anaemia had right ventricular dysfunction (Abnormal TAPSE), 25 (50.0% when compared with those in control, 11 (22.0%, (χ 2 =8.5, p=0.0035). A higher proportion of subjects with sickle cell anaemia (25.5%) had Pulmonary hypertension (RVP) when compared with control (2.0%) and the difference in proportions was found to be statistically significant, (χ 2 =11.668, p=0.001). The prevalence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subjects was 9.8 % while control was 0%. Conclusion Children with sickle cell anaemia present with right ventricular dysfunction. Prevalence of right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction were higher in subjects. More children with genotype SS group, (25.5%) had pulmonary hypertension (RVP). Key words: Anaemia; children; Enugu; sickle cell anaemia; right ventricular function

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Decrement in Swimming Performance with Added Burden of Outer Clothing

The Open Sports Sciences Journal ◽

10.2174/1875399x01811010060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

Bente W. Laakso ◽

Ebbe K. Horneman ◽

Rannei Grimstad ◽

Robert Keig Stallman

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Rank Test ◽

Z Score ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Skill Performance ◽

Combined Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Difference

Background: Most drowning occurs after an involuntary fall into open deep water. Thus, the victim is usually wearing outer clothing. The added burden of clothing may reduce the chance of survival. Methods: Grade Four children (n = 490) swam a 200 m combined test, twice, half with outer clothing first, half without. The test included jump or dive into deep water, swim 100 m on the front, stop and rest 3 min front and back, swim 100 m on the back and climb out over edge of pool. Each skill was scored from 0 to 2.0, a perfect score being 12.0. The Wilcoxen Signed Rank test was used to test the significance of the difference between treatments. Total scores with and without outer clothing were correlated using the Spearman rho. Results: The average total scores were 10.65 without outer clothing and 8.55 with (of 12.0). The Wilcoxen Z score was 2.79, statistically significant at p = 0.005. The Spearman rho between the two scores was 0.41. Of those who were judged able to swim without outer clothing, a significant number were judged unable to swim with outer clothing. This was true at whatever level “can swim” was arbitrarily placed. Among those who scored best, the difference between without and with clothing was considerably less than among those who scored poorly. Conclusions: The added burden of clothing significantly affected skill performance. It cannot be assumed that one who can swim without outer clothing, can swim with. The moderate correlation between scores suggests that economical movement may be the quality which transfers from without to with clothing.

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