scholarly journals Deglutarylation of GCDH by SIRT5 controls lysine metabolism in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval P. Bhatt ◽  
C. Allie Mills ◽  
Kristin A. Anderson ◽  
Bárbara J. Henriques ◽  
Tânia G. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Oxidation Pathway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Tryptophan Oxidation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lysine Catabolism ◽  
Lysine Metabolism

ABSTRACTA wide range of protein acyl modifications has been identified on enzymes across various metabolic processes; however, the impact of these modifications remains poorly understood. Protein glutarylation is a recently identified modification that can be non-enzymatically driven by glutaryl-CoA. In mammalian systems, this unique metabolite is only produced in the lysine and tryptophan oxidative pathways. To better understand the biology of protein glutarylation, we studied the relationship between enzymes within the lysine/tryptophan catabolic pathways, protein glutarylation, and regulation by the deglutarylating enzyme Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). Here, we identify glutarylation on the lysine oxidation pathway enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). We show increased GCDH glutarylation when glutaryl-CoA production is stimulated by lysine catabolism. Our data reveal glutarylation of GCDH impacts its function, ultimately decreasing lysine oxidation. We then demonstrate the ability of SIRT5 to deglutarylate GCDH, restoring its enzymatic activity. Finally, metabolomic and bioinformatic analyses indicate an expanded role for SIRT5 in regulating amino acid metabolism. Together, these data support a model whereby a feedback loop exists within the lysine/tryptophan oxidation pathway, in which glutaryl-CoA is produced, in turn inhibiting GCDH function via glutaryl modification of GCDH lysine residues, and can be relieved by SIRT5 deacylation activity.

scholarly journals Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6845
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.

scholarly journals Causal Inference, International Law, And Maritime Disputes

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
International Law ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maritime Disputes ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sara Mitchell and Andrew Owsiak's examination of the impact of UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Article 287 declarations on the peaceful resolution of maritime disputes significantly advances the literature on the relationship between international law/international courts and maritime issues. To their credit, the authors employ a wide range of empirical tests in the article to provide readers with confidence in the empirical results. Nonetheless, there are some important limitations in their approach. Drawing on insights from the causal inference literature, I argue that Mitchell and Owsiak's empirical analyses suffer from two biases that both (1) raise concerns about the causal relationships identified in the article, and (2) suggest some important scope conditions in its empirical findings. I investigate the biases and propose suggestions for legal scholarship to produce more credible results.

Reappraising the Impact of Offending on Victimization: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2374-2390
Author(s):  
Chad Posick
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Existing evidence clearly supports an empirical connection between offending and victimization. Often called the “victim–offender overlap,” this relationship holds for both sexes, across the life course, and across a wide range of countries and cultural environments. In addition, the relationship is sustained regardless of the study sample and statistical methods applied in the analyses of the sample data. However, there has yet to be a study that examines this relationship for violent and property crime using quasi-experimental methods accounting for a wide range of potential confounders including individual differences and cultural contexts. This study subjects the victim–offender relationship to testing through propensity score matching for both violent and property crimes using an international dataset. The results show that previous violent and theft offending increases the odds of victimization when matching on individual and contextual factors. This finding supports previous literature and suggests that delinquent behavior may act as a “switch” that exposes one to subsequent violent and theft victimization.

scholarly journals What drives the evolution of hunter–gatherer subsistence technology? A reanalysis of the risk hypothesis with data from the Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1567) ◽  
pp. 1129-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
Briggs Buchanan ◽  
Jesse Morin ◽  
Andre Costopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have suggested that the decisions that hunter–gatherers make about the diversity and complexity of their subsistence toolkits are strongly affected by risk of resource failure. However, the risk proxies and samples employed in these studies are potentially problematic. With this in mind, we retested the risk hypothesis with data from hunter–gatherer populations who lived in the northwest coast and plateau regions of the Pacific Northwest during the early contact period. We focused on these populations partly because the northwest coast and plateau differ in ways that can be expected to lead to differences in risk, and partly because of the availability of data for a wide range of risk-relevant variables. Our analyses suggest that the plateau was a more risky environment than the northwest coast. However, the predicted differences in the number and complexity of the populations' subsistence tools were not observed. The discrepancy between our results and those of previous tests of the risk hypothesis is not due to methodological differences. Rather, it seems to reflect an important but hitherto unappreciated feature of the relationship between risk and toolkit structure, namely that the impact of risk is dependent on the scale of the risk differences among populations.

scholarly journals Standing Tall: the evolution of habitable room height limits in New Zealand building controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Nigel Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Height Range ◽  
City Councils ◽  
House Improvement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Building Controls

Although it is often thought that the 3 February 1931 Napier earthquake led to the first New Zealand building codes, they have a far longer history. Often developed by the local town, city or borough engineer, these codes or by-laws covered a wide range of topics, not just structural safety. Two surveys of local government building bylaws undertaken to support the development of national building controls, have created digests of details from a number of these codes. The 1924 survey of 37 municipalities supported the development of the first national code for timber buildings, while the 1938 survey of 84 municipalities was used to develop NZSS 95 Model Building By-law during the 1930s and early 1940s. The digests provide an opportunity to explore the 1930s development of building by-laws by geographical and topic coverage, as well as the impact on building controls since that time.These local building bylaws often included requirements that affected the interior architecture of buildings, such as the requirement for minimum dwelling or bedroom room heights. In 1924 these minima ranged from 8 ft to 10 ft (2.4 m to 3.0 m) for either a dwelling or an attic room. However, by 1938 while the height range for dwelling rooms was unchanged for attic rooms the range was reduced by 1 foot (0.3 m) to 7 ft to 9 ft (2.1 to 2.9 m). Although the 1992 New Zealand Building Code does not specify minimum habitable room heights, the House Improvement Regulations 1947 are still in force. These initially set the habitable room height requirement to 2.1 m, increasing in 1975 to 2.4 m.The paper explores the development of minimum dwelling height requirements in New Zealand using these two surveys with analysis of Wellington and Dunedin City Councils from the 1870s to the 1930s. These requirements will be compared to UK codes, exploring both the international evolution of room height requirements and the relationship to New Zealand.

scholarly journals The Grain Market between the Reigns of Alexey Mikhailovich and Catherine the Great: Was there a ‘Price Revolution’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Mustafin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Grain Prices

The author of this article attempts to reveal and systematise archival data on grain prices in Russia between the 1650s and 1700s and analyse their dynamics by comparing them with data for the eighteenth century. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources from the funds of the RSAAA (RGADA), CSA of Moscow (TsGA of Moscow), DM NLR (OR RNB), and SFI CANNR (GKU TsANO). The data from these sources make it possible to construct time series describing rye and oat price dynamics in the northern and central non-black earth regions of Russia. The author substantiates the homogeneity and reliability of the data received and determines the real prices. The resulting numbers make the author doubt the “price revolution” in eighteenth-century Russia. Throughout the eighteenth century, the average real prices remained below the level of the 1660s and 1670s. Only in the 1790s did prices briefly exceed this level. Overall, the Russian grain market was characterised by long-term price fluctuations. The author aims to explain this dynamic by analysing supply and demand in the grain market. More particularly, for the first time in the historiography, the author examines the connection between Russian grain prices and yield in the second half of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is established that in most cases, the relationship between these indicators was direct: as grain yield increased, prices did too. The article explains this seeming paradox. The data published by the author help not only to estimate the impact of various factors on grain prices during the period in question, but also solve practical tasks regarding various price indicators in grain equivalents.

scholarly journals A Novel Survey to Examine the Relationship between Health IT Adoption and Nurse-Physician Communication

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1182-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pfeifer ◽  
Milisa Manojlovich ◽  
Julia Adler-Milstein ◽  
A Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Physician Communication ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Health It ◽  
Secure Messaging ◽  
Software Adoption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground As EHR adoption in US hospitals becomes ubiquitous, a wide range of IT options are theoretically available to facilitate physician-nurse communication, but we know little about the adoption rate of specific technologies or the impact of their use.Objectives To measure adoption of hardware, software, and telephony relevant to nurse-physician communication in US hospitals. To assess the relationship between non-IT communication practices and hardware, software, and telephony adoption. To identify hospital characteristics associated with greater adoption of hardware, software, telephony, and non-IT communication practices.Methods We conducted a survey of 105 hospitals in the National Nursing Practice Network. The survey captured adoption of hardware, software, and telephony to support nurse-physician communication, along with non-IT communication practices. We calculated descriptive statistics and then created four indices, one for each category, by scoring degree of adoption of technologies or practices within each category. Next, we examined correlations between the three technology indices and the non-IT communication practices index. We used multivariate OLS regression to assess whether certain types of hospitals had higher index scores.Results The majority of hospitals surveyed have a range of hardware, software, and telephony tools available to support nurse-physician communication; we found substantial heterogeneity across hospitals in non-IT communication practices. More intensive non-IT communication was associated with greater adoption of software (r=0.31, p=0.01), but was not correlated with hardware or telephony. Medium-sized hospitals had lower adoption of software (r =−1.14,p=0.04) in comparison to small hospitals, while federally-owned hospitals had lower software (r=−2.57, p=0.02) and hardware adoption (r=−1.63, p=0.01).Conclusions The positive relationship between non-IT communication and level of software adoption suggests that there is a complementary, rather than substitutive, relationship. Our results suggest that some technologies with the potential to further enhance communication, such as CPOE and secure messaging, are not being utilized to their full potential in many hospitals.Citation: Holmgren AJ, Pfeifer E, Manojlovich M, Adler-Milstein J. A novel survey to examine the relationship between health IT adoption and nurse-physician communication.

Deviant Pornography Use

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-235
Author(s):  
Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Internet Pornography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of both intentional and unintentional exposure to internet pornography on adolescents has been debated in the literature for decades. However, the differences in the operational definitions of pornography and exposure, not to mention the differences in methodology and sampling, make it difficult to synthesize findings and identify patterns across studies. In addition, the majority of the research has employed a rather broad measure of “exposure to general pornography” by adolescents in order to understand the impact of early exposure to pornography; however, internet pornography includes a wide range of sexually explicit materials, not just adult pornography. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to explore the relationship between nondeviant pornography use and deviant pornography use (e.g., child pornography) by discussing the Seigfried-Spellar study which examined the role of individual differences and age of onset in deviant pornography use.

scholarly journals A Spread Willingness Computing-Based Information Dissemination Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojing Huang ◽  
Zhiming Cui ◽  
Shukui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper constructs a kind of spread willingness computing based on information dissemination model for social network. The model takes into account the impact of node degree and dissemination mechanism, combined with the complex network theory and dynamics of infectious diseases, and further establishes the dynamical evolution equations. Equations characterize the evolutionary relationship between different types of nodes with time. The spread willingness computing contains three factors which have impact on user’s spread behavior: strength of the relationship between the nodes, views identity, and frequency of contact. Simulation results show that different degrees of nodes show the same trend in the network, and even if the degree of node is very small, there is likelihood of a large area of information dissemination. The weaker the relationship between nodes, the higher probability of views selection and the higher the frequency of contact with information so that information spreads rapidly and leads to a wide range of dissemination. As the dissemination probability and immune probability change, the speed of information dissemination is also changing accordingly. The studies meet social networking features and can help to master the behavior of users and understand and analyze characteristics of information dissemination in social network.

scholarly journals The impact of housemate relationships on undergraduate student wellbeing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Foulkes ◽  
Ariyana Reddy ◽  
Juliette Westbrook ◽  
Elizabeth Newbronner ◽  
Dean McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Student Wellbeing ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Rates of psychological distress in UK undergraduate students are high. The majority of undergraduate students live with same-age peers, and are in a developmental period characterised by changes in social cognition and social relationships. As such, examining the relationship that students have with their housemates may be critical for understanding student wellbeing. In the current study, N=90 undergraduates at universities across the UK took part in an online qualitative study examining the role that housemates play in student wellbeing. Four themes were constructed from the data using inductive qualitative content analysis: Positive relationships stem from constant contact and shared experience; Positive relationships enable a wide range of emotional and practical support; Conflict stems from disrespect; and Poor relationships lead to loneliness, isolation and psychological distress. Together, the themes demonstrate the divergent impact that housemates can have on student wellbeing: they can be a source of immense support or great unhappiness. The findings demonstrate that, to understand wellbeing in UK undergraduates, relationships within student accommodation should be examined.

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