scholarly journals Adherence to Pakistan dietary guidelines – Findings from major cities of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Rafique ◽  
Arif Nadeem Saqib Muhammad ◽  
Nighat Murad ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Munir ◽  
Aftab Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
Score Point

AbstractBackgroundPakistan dietary guidelines for better nutrition were developed to cater the local need and prevent nutritional deficiency by providing information to public about healthy eating practices.AimsTo assess the level of adherence to Pakistan Dietary Guidelines for Better Nutrition (PDGN)MethodsIt was a community based study conducted in five cities with two stage stratified sampling approach. Total of 448 participants were interviewed using Food frequency questionnaire adapted to local context. Five food groups (proteins, cereals, dairy, vegetables and fruits) were taken as per country guidelines. A score point of 1 was given to each food group making a total of 5 scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS.ResultsOverall adherence to PDGN was poor as none of the participants had 05 score while only 1% achieved score 04. However, adherence was more in females (B = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.24; 0.66), graduates (B = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.64), unmarried (B = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.43), unemployed (B = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.01-0.43) and aged >50 years (B = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.08; 0.60) as compared to others. Among food groups, mean intake of cereals (carbohydrates) was high (3.38±1.39) followed by other items with fruits was least (0.76±0.91). Overall, at least one serving of discretionary food was taken by participants which was more female gender (p= 0.001), graduates (p= 0.003), high socio-economic group (p=0.001) and employed persons (p= 0.04).ConclusionThe adherence to PDGN was poor and there is a need to bring behavior change by information education and communication to the society.

scholarly journals Effects of Indigenous Diet Iron Content and Location on Hemoglobin Levels of Ghanaians

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Callister ◽  
Joanna Gautney ◽  
Christina Aguilar ◽  
Julian Chan ◽  
David Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact

Multiple studies have demonstrated strong links between diet and anemia, but few have explored the impact of food groups on hemoglobin (Hb). We analyzed the correlation between Ghanaian diet and Hb levels to explore reduction of anemia prevalence through dietary interventions. Demographics, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and blood samples were obtained from 140 volunteers (ages 18–65) in five locations across Ghana. Hb was measured; estimated iron consumption was calculated. FFQ items were grouped by food type, and a regression analysis was performed to determine the most important dietary predictors of Hb. Moreover, 47% of total participants were anemic; 64% of females and 28% of males. Hb levels were highest in Mole (13.9 g/dL, SD = ±1.9), independent of sex distribution. The regression model revealed a 62.7% adjusted correlation between food groups and Hb levels. Animal foods (β = 0.016, t = 5.08, p < 0.01) and plant protein (β = 0.013, t = 2.86, p < 0.01) were the most influential groups to Hb levels. It is of vital importance to emphasize the benefits of consuming animal foods and plant proteins within the Ghanaian population. The ease of access to plant proteins makes it likely that this food group will be most influential and have the greatest impact in reduction of anemia in the Ghanaian population.

scholarly journals Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers ◽  
Gerard Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.

scholarly journals A short food-group-based dietary questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing toddlers' dietary risk in relatively advantaged samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda K. Bell ◽  
Rebecca K. Golley ◽  
Anthea M. Magarey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Highly Correlated

Identifying toddlers at dietary risk is crucial for determining who requires intervention to improve dietary patterns and reduce health consequences. The objectives of the present study were to develop a simple tool that assesses toddlers' dietary risk and investigate its reliability and validity. The nineteen-item Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ) is informed by dietary patterns observed in Australian children aged 14 (n552) and 24 (n493) months and the Australian dietary guidelines. It assesses the intake of ‘core’ food groups (e.g. fruit, vegetables and dairy products) and ‘non-core’ food groups (e.g. high-fat, high-sugar and/or high-salt foods and sweetened beverages) over the previous 7 d, which is then scored against a dietary risk criterion (0–100; higher score = higher risk). Parents of toddlers aged 12–36 months (Socio-Economic Index for Areas decile range 5–9) were asked to complete the TDQ for their child (n111) on two occasions, 3·2 (sd1·8) weeks apart, to assess test–retest reliability. They were also asked to complete a validated FFQ from which the risk score was calculated and compared with the TDQ-derived risk score (relative validity). Mean scores were highly correlated and not significantly different for reliability (intra-class correlation = 0·90, TDQ1 30·2 (sd8·6)v. TDQ2 30·9 (sd8·9);P= 0·14) and validity (r0·83, average TDQ ((TDQ1+TDQ2)/2) 30·5 (sd8·4)v. FFQ 31·4 (sd8·1);P= 0·05). All the participants were classified into the same (reliability 75 %; validity 79 %) or adjacent (reliability 25 %; validity 21 %) risk category (low (0–24), moderate (25–49), high (50–74) and very high (75–100)). Overall, the TDQ is a valid and reliable screening tool for identifying at-risk toddlers in relatively advantaged samples.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Block Kid's Food Frequency Questionnaire with a 24 h dietary recall methodology among Hmong-American children, 9–18 years of age

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Mulasi-Pokhriyal ◽  
Chery Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Current Block ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hmong American ◽  
American Children ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Hmong are one of the immigrant Asian subgroups with increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Despite their population growth in the USA and declining health status, no research has investigated the appropriateness of dietary assessment measures, including FFQ and 24 h dietary recalls among Hmong. The present study compared the nutrient information obtained through a 24 h dietary recall method with that collected using the Block Kid's Food Frequency Questionnaire (Block FFQ) among Hmong-American children (n 335) of 9–18 years of age. For this purpose, two 24 h dietary recalls were collected during non-consecutive days and averaged for comparison. The Block FFQ was administered on the day of the second 24 h recall and the two methodologies were also compared using t tests. Among all children, Block FFQ nutrient estimates for vitamin A, vitamin C and food group servings for vegetables and fruits were significantly higher than those assessed through the 24 h dietary recalls (P< 0·001). Nutrient estimates for protein and food group servings for grains and meat and beans were significantly higher among all participants when assessed through the 24 h dietary recalls than through the Block FFQ (P< 0·05). The results suggest that the Block FFQ does not appear to be a good measure of protein, grain, and meat and bean intake among Hmong children of 9–18 years of age, and the 24 h dietary recall offers a better account of the Hmong diet and is inclusive of ethnic food options otherwise missed in the Block FFQ. We recommend the modification of the current Block FFQ to appropriately reflect cultural food/beverage items of the population in interest.

scholarly journals Cerminan Pemakanan Sihat Dalam Peribahasa Tamil: Suatu Kajian Semantik Inkuisitif (Healthy Diet Reflection in Tamil Proverbs: An Inquisitive Semantic Research)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
TANGAPRABU MURTHY ◽  
MARY FATIMAH SUBET ◽  
MUHAMMAD ZAID DAUD
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Inquisitive Semantics ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Food Pyramid ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Eating Practices

Abstract. Healthy eating practices, especially those based on food pyramid, should be vividly followed in our daily diet. The food pyramid guide contains four main groups of food which are arranged accordingly to the quantity of nutrition recommended by the health expertise of the balanced, healthy and correct nutritional features. One of the most vital part of the food pyramid is green vegetables and fruits. They are a the second level of the aforementioned food group that is rich in vitamins, minerals and fibre. Implicitly, this healthy eating image was also transmitted into the creation of proverbs for example in Tamil proverbs. Healthy food images have been detected in the Tamil data collection  collected through deep interviews with four Indian informants. A total of five Tamil proverbs have been screened using sampling mode, which is aimed to have the images of green vegetables and fruits such as “eggplant”, “cassava”, “water pumpkin” and more. They were detected in a total of 25 Tamil proverbs obtained from the informants. Further to that, this study will examine the implicit meaning of these proverbs using an incredibly inquisitive approach by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014) by associating the data, theory, cognitive and intellect of the speakers. With such information, researchers are able to look at the language, society and thoughts of the speaker.Keywords: Tamil proverbs, healthy eating habit, vegetables and fruits, linguistics, inquisitive semantics, the minds of the speaker Abstrak. Amalan pemakanan sihat khususnya yang berpandukan piramid makanan seharusnya diikuti dalam aktiviti pemakanan seharian kita. Melalui panduan piramid makanan ini mengandungi empat jenis atau kumpulan makanan yang disusun mengikut tingkat atau aras berdasarkan jumlah dan kuantiti pemakanan yang disyorkan oleh pihak kesihatan seluruh dunia bagi memenuhi ciri - ciri pemakanan yang seimbang, sihat dan betul. Salah-satunya ialah sayur-sayuran hijau dan buah-buahan yang berada pada aras dua sebagai kumpulan makanan yang kaya dengan zat vitamin, mineral dan serat. Secara implisitnya, imej pemakanan sihat ini turut dipancarkan dalam penciptaan peribahasa contohnya peribahasa Tamil sebagaimana kajian ini dijalankan. Imej pemakanan sihat telah dikesan dalam dapatan data peribahasa Tamil yang dikutip melalui temu bual mendalam terhadap empat orang informan yang berbangsa India. Sejumlah lima peribahasa Tamil telah disaring menggunakan pensampelan bertujuan mempunyai imej pemakanan sihat iaitu sayur-sayuran hijau dan buah-buahan seperti “terung”, “ubi kayu”, “labu air” telah dikesan dalam 25 data peribahasa Tamil yang diperoleh. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan meneliti makna implisit dalam peribahasa ini menggunakan pendekatan semantik inkuisitif oleh Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014) dengan mengaitkan data, teori, kognitif dan akal budi penutur. Dengan adanya maklumat-maklumat sebegini pengkaji mampu melihat hubungan bahasa, masyarakat dan pemikiran seseorang itu.Kata kunci: Peribahasa Tamil, amalan pemakanan sihat, sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan, linguistik, semantik inkuisitif, akal budi penutur

scholarly journals Awareness of the Food-Based Diet Guidelines, Eating Practices, and Preferred Sources of Nutrition Information of Employees in an Open University in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jelaine Real Bagos ◽  
Myra D Oruga
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Open University ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
The University

Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are considered as major risk factors in the development of the “fatal four” Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) (WHO, 2018). As the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) adopts a sedentary work lifestyle with most of the employees spending long hours at the office sitting in front of a computer screen, the university must be able to promote health and wellness in the workplace, particularly healthy eating. Thus, the study aimed to determine UPOU employees’ awareness of the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs), adherence to the 2012 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF), and preferred sources of information on healthy eating to provide insights for the development of nutrition interventions in the university. A total of 85 healthy employees aged 19-59 years old accomplished an online adapted survey from February to April 2019 which included questions on awareness of the four FBDGs--2012 NGF; Kumainments (simplified version of NGF); Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid (DNGP); and Pinggang Pinoy (a plate-like pictorial model), eating practices relative to the 2012 NGF, and preferred sources of information on the FBDGs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that most of the respondents were not aware of the FBDGs. Among those who were aware, only a few have read the FBDGs. Adherence to the guidelines was also low as reflected by a very low percentage of respondents practicing the messages on the recommended frequency of intake of food groups. Results suggest conducting lectures or seminars and producing video materials about nutrition which can be uploaded in UPOU’s online repository of multimedia resources and social media sites to promote healthy eating practices among UPOU employees and ensure a healthy and sustainable workforce.

scholarly journals Selection of food items for inclusion in a newly developed food-frequency questionnaire

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Shai ◽  
Danit R Shahar ◽  
Hillel Vardi ◽  
Drora Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Items ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjectives:To highlight the differences between the food list required in a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to rank people by their intake and the food items that contribute to absolute intake, and to discuss possible applications.Methods:We conducted a nutritional survey among 1173 adults using an adapted 24-hour recall questionnaire.Statistical analysis:To develop an FFQ, we analysed the 24-hour recall survey data by performing a stepwise multiple regression after grouping conceptually similar food items into 175 food groups.Results:In total, 126 food groups were included in the developed FFQ in order to explain at least 80% of the variance in the consumption of each of 27 nutrients. The nutrients that were explained by a few food groups were vitamin A (one food group), alcohol (two), β-carotene (two), vitamin E (three) and cholesterol (five). Nutrients that were explained by a large number of food groups were energy (37 food groups), potassium (31), magnesium (31), dietary fibre (30), phosphorus (31) and sodium (29). Using energy intake as an example, soft drinks were the best between-person energy classifiers, while providing only 2.4% of the total energy intake. Wine, seeds and nuts, which contributed highly to the variance, were minor energy contributors. In contrast, milk, sugar, fried chicken/turkey breast or whole chicken/turkey, which explained little of the variation in the population, were major energy contributors.Conclusions:Developing an FFQ on the basis of common foods may not explain the between-person variation required for ranking individual intake in diet–disease studies. Producing lists of ‘discriminating items’ can be a useful application in developing mini-FFQs for selected nutrients.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reported by rural, Northern Plains American-Indian children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
Leander McDonald ◽  
Ann Wadsworth ◽  
Charles Morin ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) promote healthy dietary choices for all Americans aged 2 years and older; however, the majority of Americans do not meet recommendations. The goal of the present study was to identify both barriers and facilitators to adherence to DGA recommendations for consumption of five recommended food groups: grains (specifically whole grains), vegetables, fruits, meat/beans and milk (specifically reduced-fat/non-fat), among American-Indian children.DesignNominal group technique sessions were conducted to identify and prioritize children’s perceived barriers and facilitators to following the DGA, as presented in the ‘MyPyramid’ consumer education icon. After response generation to a single question about each food group (e.g. ‘What sorts of things make it harder (or easier) for kids to follow the MyPyramid recommendation for vegetables?’), children individually ranked their top five most salient responses. Ranked responses are presented verbatim.SettingA rural Northern Plains American-Indian reservation, USA.SubjectsSixty-one self-selected fifth-grade children.ResultsCore barriers for all food groups studied included personal preference (i.e. ‘don’t like’) and environmental (i.e. ‘cost too much’; ‘store is too far to get them’; ‘grandma don’t have’). Core facilitators included suggestions, i.e. ‘make a garden and plant vegetables’; ‘tell your friends to eat healthy’.ConclusionsBarriers and facilitators are dissimilar for individual food groups, suggesting that dietary interventions should target reduction of barriers and promotion of facilitators specific to individual food groups recommended by the DGA.

scholarly journals Validity and reproducibility of the food-frequency questionnaire used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Villegas ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
DaKe Liu ◽  
Yong-Bing Xiang ◽  
Hui Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Exact Agreement ◽  
Usual Intake

We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of the FFQ used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS). The study included 195 randomly selected participants of the SMHS who completed one FFQ at baseline, twelve 24-hour dietary recalls (24-HDR) (once a month for twelve consecutive months) and a second FFQ at the end of the study. The FFQ accounted for 88·78 % of the foods recorded in the 24-HDR surveys. The validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intake levels from the second FFQ and the multiple 24-HDR. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0·38 to 0·64 for macronutrients, 0·33 to 0·58 for micronutrients and 0·35 to 0·72 for food groups. Misclassification to opposite quartiles for nutrients and food groups was rare, ranging from 1·5 to 7·7 %, while exact agreement rates were between 31·8 and 53·3 %. The reliability of the FFQ was assessed by comparing the intake levels from the two FFQ. Correlation coefficients were 0·39 to 0·53 for macronutrients, 0·38 to 0·52 for micronutrients and 0·39 to 0·64 for food groups. Exact agreement rates for quartile distribution were between 31·8 and 49·2 %, while misclassification to opposite quartiles was between 1·5 and 6·2 %. These data indicate that the SMHS FFQ can reasonably categorise usual intake of nutrients and food groups among men living in urban Shanghai.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Dietary Assessment in Adolescents in a Self-Reported Way

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2081
Author(s):  
Leyre Notario-Barandiaran ◽  
Carmen Freire ◽  
Manuela García-de-la-Hera ◽  
Laura Mª Compañ-Gabucio ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Male Adolescents

Tools to assess diet in a reliable and efficient way are needed, particularly in children and adolescents. In this study, we assess the reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among adolescents in Spain. We analyzed data of 51 male adolescents aged 15–17 years from a prospective birth cohort study. Participants answered the FFQ twice in a self-administered way over a 12-month period. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing nutrient and food intakes from the FFQs, and validity by comparing nutrient intakes from the average of two FFQs and the average of two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls obtained in the period. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The average of reproducibility correlation coefficients for food group intakes was 0.33, with the highest correlation for vegetable intake (r = 0.81); and the average for nutrient intake was 0.32, with the highest coefficients for α- and β-carotene (r = 0.65). Validity correlation coefficients ranged from 0.07 for carbohydrates to 0.53 for dietary fiber. The average of the validity correlation coefficients was r = 0.32. This study suggests that our FFQ may be a useful tool for assessing dietary intake of most nutrient and food groups among Spanish male adolescents in a self-administered way, despite reproducibility and, particularly validity, being low for some nutrients and food groups.

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