Ten years of population-level genomic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype surveillance informs vaccine development for invasive infections
The incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) continues to increase globally and the threat of untreatable disease is substantial1. Prophylactic vaccines represent an alternative approach to combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by reducing antibiotic usage and preventing infections caused by AMR-associated strains. To investigate their potential utility, we performed in silico serotyping on 4035 E. coli/K. pneumoniae BSI from population-level surveillance in Oxfordshire (2008-2018) in addition to 3678 isolates from previous studies. Most infections, including those associated with AMR, were caused by isolates with a small subset of O-antigens, with no evidence that the proportion of BSIs caused by these changed significantly over time. O-antigen targeted vaccines might therefore be useful in reducing the significant morbidity and mortality2 associated with BSIs. Vaccines may also have a role in preventing the spread of carbapenem resistance genes into common serotypes associated with community-onset disease.