Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Policy on Homicide, Suicide, and Motor Vehicle Deaths in Peru

Introduction: Although lockdown measures to stop COVID-19 have direct effects on disease transmission, their impact on violent and accidental deaths remains unknown. Our study aims to assess the early impact of COVID-19 lockdown on violent and accidental deaths in Peru. Methods: Based on data from the Peruvian National Death Information System, an interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess the immediate impact and change in the trend of COVID-19 lockdown on external causes of death including homicide, suicide, and traffic accidents. The analysis was stratified by sex and the time unit was every 15 days. Results: All forms of deaths examined presented a sudden drop after the lockdown. The biggest drop was in deaths related to traffic accidents, with a reduction of 12.66 deaths per million men per month (95% CI: -15.56, -9.76) and 3.64 deaths per million women per month (95% CI:-5.25, -2.03). Homicide and suicide presented similar level drop in women, while the homicide reduction was twice the size of the suicide reduction in men. The slope in suicide in men during the lock-down period increased by 3.62 deaths per million men per year (95% CI:0.06, 7.18). No other change in slope was detected. Conclusions: Violent and accidental deaths presented a sudden drop after the lockdown was implemented and an increase in suicide in men was observed. Falls in mobility have a natural impact on traffic accidents, however, the patterns for suicide and homicide are less intuitive and reveal important characteristics of these events, although we expect all of these changes to be transient.

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Increased motor vehicle crashes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan: an interrupted time series analysis of property damage crashes

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-021-04760-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takuya Maruyama ◽

Kazutake Taguchi

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Property Damage ◽

Affected Area ◽

The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

AbstractDriving after natural disasters entails a substantial amount of stress; therefore, the number of motor vehicle crashes may increase. However, few studies have examined this issue. This study investigated motor vehicle crashes after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. Monthly data about crashes resulting in property damage from 49 municipalities in Kumamoto from 2015 to 2018 were used. An interrupted time series analysis using Poisson or negative binomial regression models was conducted for 49 municipalities; the models were estimated for four classified areas to obtain the robust results. We found that property damage crashes increased significantly in the heavily affected area (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.48, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 1.71) and the affected area (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.36) after the earthquake. A mountainous area showed a reduction in property damage crashes despite its heavy damage (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), which can be attributed to the closure of its main gate routes. The unaffected area showed no difference before and after the earthquake. Geographical presentation of the result demonstrates a clear positive association of earthquake damage and increased crashes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of motor-vehicle-crash alerts after an earthquake.

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Mortality in Russia: the second epidemiological revolution that never was

Демографическое обозрение ◽

10.17323/demreview.v2i5.5581 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 4-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anatoly Vishnevsky

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Past Half Century ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

Age Of Death

The article looks at different approaches to the conceptualization of the modern stage of mortality reduction (the "new stages” of the epidemiological transition, "the second epidemiological revolution”, the “health transition”). During this stage, which has lasted for at least half a century, revolutionary changes have taken place in most developed countries. These changes manifest themselves in the drastic expansion of the degree of control over non-infectious causes of death—particularly over diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and other non-communicable diseases, as well as over external causes of death. As a consequence of these changes, there has been a rapid shift of deaths from the abovementioned causes to older ages, an increase in the mean age of death from these causes, and, ultimately, a significant rise in life expectancy. Russia, unfortunately, is watching this revolution from the outside, without taking any part in it. The age distribution of deaths from major classes of causes of death in Russia has not changed over the past half-century, life expectancy has stagnated, and Russia has increasingly lagged behind the majority of developed countries with respect to this indicator. Thus, the “second epidemiological revolution” has not yet to occur in Russia.

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Mortality from external causes in Russia over half a century

Демографическое обозрение ◽

10.17323/demreview.v1i5.3174 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 85-108

Author(s):

Ekaterina Kvasha ◽

Tatiana Kharkova ◽

Valeriy Yumaguzin

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Undetermined Intent ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

Excess Number ◽

External Causes

The article discusses long-term mortality trends (since 1956) from external causes of death in Russia. Russia has long lagged behind developed countries in this domain. The level of mortality from external causes of death remains high and its structure is still archaic with large contribution of homicides, alcohol poisoning and injuries of undetermined intent. Excess number of deaths from life tables of Russia and Western European countries is compared. It is shown that in Russia the greatest excess losses are associated with mortality from poisonings among both sexes, suicide among men and homicide among women. Mortality from external causes, along with mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, has had a significant impact on life expectancy. In general, over the period 1956-2012 the increase in mortality from external causes in the 15-64 age group reduced life expectancy by 2.6 years for males and 0.7 years for females. The decline, starting in 2003, of mortality from external causes of death has slightly reduced the gap between Russia and developed countries, bringing the current Russian level closer to those levels reached in Russia in the mid-1960s and 1980s. However, given the fluctuations of mortality from external causes, it is premature to say whether the current decline in mortality is robust.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY RATE AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE POLTAVA REGION AND THE WAYS OF ITS REDUCTION

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201905226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1087-1091

Author(s):

Valentyn M. Dvornyk ◽

Inna V. Bielikova ◽

Ludmyla M. Shylkina ◽

Valentyna L. Filatova ◽

Natalia M. Martynenko

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Digestive System ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Second Neoplasms ◽

Care Systems ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes

Introduction: Saving and improvement of population’ health is one of the main priorities of the policy in any country. Studying of the level and causes of mortality is a powerful tool for assessing the effectiveness of health care systems. WHO recommends using of the European classification of preventable causes of death that based on three levels of prevention. The aim of this study is to compare the level and structure of mortality of the population of Ukraine and the Poltava region, to substantiate scientific approaches to the study and identification of those causes of death that can be prevented in order to formulate prevention programs at different level. Materials and methods: In research are used the information from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and from the Center for Medical Statistics of the MoH of Ukraine. Review: Despite the positive dynamics of mortality in recent years, both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine, the indicators remain extremely negative. About 73.3% of all fatalities in Ukraine are three main types of causes cardiovascular diseases, external causes of death and neoplasms. In the Poltava region, 70.56% of all causes of death are due to cardiovascular disease; neoplasms occupy 13.88%; external causes - 4.87%; diseases of the digestive system - 3,06%; respiratory diseases - 1.31% of the causes of death. Conclusions: The mortality rate both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine has tendency for declines, but remains rather high. General trends in the structure of causes of death: in the first place are diseases of the cardiovascular system, the second - neoplasms, the third -external causes. Structuring of the causes of death that based on the principle of prevention in Ukraine do not conduct.

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Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50890-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shiori Tanaka ◽

Sarah K. Abe ◽

Norie Sawada ◽

Taiki Yamaji ◽

Taichi Shimazu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Reproductive Factors ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Public Health Center ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes

Abstract Although empirical data suggest a possible link between female reproductive events and risk of nonfatal accidents and suicidal behaviors, evidence to determine these effects on mortality is scarce. This study investigated the association between female reproductive factors and the risk of external causes of death among middle-aged Japanese women. We used a population-based cohort study consisting of 71 698 women residing in 11 public health center areas across Japan between 1990 and 1994. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of all external causes, suicide, and accidents according to female reproductive factors at the baseline survey. During 1 028 583 person-years of follow-up for 49 279 eligible subjects (average 20.9 years), we identified 328 deaths by all injuries. Among parous women, ever versus never breastfeeding [0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.92)] was associated with a decreased risk of all injuries. Risk of suicide was inversely associated with ever versus never parity [0.53 (95% CI: 0.32–0.88)]. A lower risk of death by accidents was seen in ever breastfeeding [0.63 (95% CI: 0.40–0.97)] compared to never breastfeeding. This study suggests that parity and breastfeeding are associated with reduced risk of death by all external causes, suicide and/or accidents among Japanese women.

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Initial impact of COVID-19’s stay-at-home order on motor vehicle traffic and crash patterns in Connecticut: an interrupted time series analysis

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043945 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. injuryprev-2020-043945

Author(s):

Mitchell L Doucette ◽

Andrew Tucker ◽

Marisa E Auguste ◽

Amy Watkins ◽

Christa Green ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Data Repository ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Crash Rates ◽

Single Vehicle ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

IntroductionUnderstanding how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our health and safety is imperative. This study sought to examine the impact of COVID-19’s stay-at-home order on daily vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and MVCs in Connecticut.MethodsUsing an interrupted time series design, we analysed daily VMT and MVCs stratified by crash severity and number of vehicles involved from 1 January to 30 April 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. MVC data were collected from the Connecticut Crash Data Repository; daily VMT estimates were obtained from StreetLight Insight’s database. We used segmented Poisson regression models, controlling for daily temperature and daily precipitation.ResultsThe mean daily VMT significantly decreased 43% in the post stay-at-home period in 2020. While the mean daily counts of crashes decreased in 2020 after the stay-at-home order was enacted, several types of crash rates increased after accounting for the VMT reductions. Single vehicle crash rates significantly increased 2.29 times, and specifically single vehicle fatal crash rates significantly increased 4.10 times when comparing the pre-stay-at-home and post-stay-at-home periods.DiscussionDespite a decrease in the number of MVCs and VMT, the crash rate of single vehicles increased post stay-at-home order enactment in Connecticut after accounting for reductions in VMT.

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Effectiveness of child restraint legislation to reduce motor vehicle related serious injuries and fatalities: A national interrupted time series analysis

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2020.105553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 105553

Author(s):

Janani Shanthosh ◽

Kris Rogers ◽

Thomas Lung ◽

Julie Brown ◽

Rebecca Ivers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

Series Analysis ◽

Child Restraint ◽

Serious Injuries

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Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1875 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kerry S. Wilson ◽

Tahira Kootbodien ◽

Nisha Naicker

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Younger Age ◽

Proportional Mortality ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes

Mining is a recognized high-risk industry with a relatively high occurrence of occupational injuries and disease. In this study, we looked at the differences in mortality between male and female miners in South Africa. Data from Statistics South Africa regarding occupation and cause of death in the combined years 2013–2015 were analyzed. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated to investigate excess mortality due to external causes of death by sex in miners and in manufacturing laborers. Results: Women miners died at a significantly younger age on average (44 years) than all women (60 years), women manufacturers (53 years), and male miners (55 yrs). There was a significantly increased proportion of deaths due to external causes in women miners (12.4%) compared to all women (4.8%) and women manufacturers (4.6%). Significantly increased PMRs were seen in car occupant accidents (467, 95% confidence interval (CI) 151–1447), firearm discharge (464, 95% CI 220–974), and contact with blunt objects (2220 95% CI 833–5915). Conclusion: This descriptive study showed excess deaths in women miners due to external causes. Road accidents, firearm discharge, and contact with blunt objects PMRs were significantly increased. Further research is required to confirm the underlying reasons for external causes of death and to develop recommendations to protect women miners.

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