Mortality from external causes in Russia over half a century

The article discusses long-term mortality trends (since 1956) from external causes of death in Russia. Russia has long lagged behind developed countries in this domain. The level of mortality from external causes of death remains high and its structure is still archaic with large contribution of homicides, alcohol poisoning and injuries of undetermined intent. Excess number of deaths from life tables of Russia and Western European countries is compared. It is shown that in Russia the greatest excess losses are associated with mortality from poisonings among both sexes, suicide among men and homicide among women. Mortality from external causes, along with mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, has had a significant impact on life expectancy. In general, over the period 1956-2012 the increase in mortality from external causes in the 15-64 age group reduced life expectancy by 2.6 years for males and 0.7 years for females. The decline, starting in 2003, of mortality from external causes of death has slightly reduced the gap between Russia and developed countries, bringing the current Russian level closer to those levels reached in Russia in the mid-1960s and 1980s. However, given the fluctuations of mortality from external causes, it is premature to say whether the current decline in mortality is robust.

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Mortality in Russia: the second epidemiological revolution that never was

Демографическое обозрение ◽

10.17323/demreview.v2i5.5581 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 4-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anatoly Vishnevsky

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Past Half Century ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

Age Of Death

The article looks at different approaches to the conceptualization of the modern stage of mortality reduction (the "new stages” of the epidemiological transition, "the second epidemiological revolution”, the “health transition”). During this stage, which has lasted for at least half a century, revolutionary changes have taken place in most developed countries. These changes manifest themselves in the drastic expansion of the degree of control over non-infectious causes of death—particularly over diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and other non-communicable diseases, as well as over external causes of death. As a consequence of these changes, there has been a rapid shift of deaths from the abovementioned causes to older ages, an increase in the mean age of death from these causes, and, ultimately, a significant rise in life expectancy. Russia, unfortunately, is watching this revolution from the outside, without taking any part in it. The age distribution of deaths from major classes of causes of death in Russia has not changed over the past half-century, life expectancy has stagnated, and Russia has increasingly lagged behind the majority of developed countries with respect to this indicator. Thus, the “second epidemiological revolution” has not yet to occur in Russia.

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CURRENT TRENDS IN MORTALITY IN INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF THE ARCTIC MACROREGION: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Social Aspects of Population Health ◽

10.21045/2071-5021-2021-67-2-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 8-8

Author(s):

T.L. Kharkova ◽

◽

E.A. Kvasha ◽

B.A. Revich ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Circulatory System ◽

The Arctic ◽

Mortality Reduction ◽

Industrial Cities ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

National Trends

The authors have evaluated dynamics in indicators of standardized mortality and life expectancy in the industrial cities of the Arctic macroregion. Those cities are characterized by a higher mortality rate including mortality from external causes compared to the Russian indicators. The highest mortality from lung cancer is registered in the city of Norilsk. Purpose. To identify trends in life expectancy and main causes of death in a number of cities with the developed industry of the Arctic macroregion, namely: Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Syktyvkar, Norilsk and Novy Urengoy, in comparison with the urban population of Russia as a whole. Material and methods. Analysis of mortality in the selected cities was carried out on the basis of the Rosstat data with a breakdown on sex, age and causes of death for 2008-2019. To level random annual fluctuations, mortality rates were calculated for four three-year periods. The decomposition method was used to analyze contribution of groups of causes of death to changes in life expectancy. Results. Dynamics in life expectancy in the Arctic cities generally follow he national trends with certain differences. Cities in the Arctic macroregion are characterized by a greater contribution of the reduced mortality from external causes to the rise in life expectancy. Moreover, in Norilsk, the contribution of diseases of the circulatory system in both men and women was negative, and it was the decrease in mortality from external causes that contributed to the increase in life expectancy. However, mortality from external causes of death in the Arctic cities remains higher compared to the all-Russia indicator. This city is characterized by higher mortality from neoplasms, (mortality from lung cancer is 1.2-2.5 times higher). Despite the increase in life expectancy in the Arctic cities over the past decade, trends in mortality from some causes of death in some cities remain negative. Conclusion. Trends in mortality in the Arctic cities largely repeat the national ones but are characterized by a number of features that should be taken into account while developing regional measures for effective mortality reduction. A special attention should be focused on such reserve of mortality reduction as diseases of the respiratory and digestive system, neoplasms, infections as well as external causes of death.

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Mortality from undetermined causes of death in Russia and in selected countries

Демографическое обозрение ◽

10.17323/demreview.v2i5.5582 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 34-61

Author(s):

Sergey Vasin

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The Past ◽

Undetermined Intent ◽

Contextual Framework ◽

Technical Indicator ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Self Harm ◽

External Causes

Deaths due to injuries and poisoning which experts cannot identify, such as homicide, suicide or accident, are registered in statistical databases as deaths due to an event of undetermined intent. The proportion of such deaths can indicate the quality of statistics on causes of death, above all of statistics on intentional self-harm and assaults. In Russia, the proportion of deaths due to events of undetermined intent among other external causes has been growing for almost four decades. Such a trend was observed in the past during periods of growing mortality from external causes. Yet the steady and long decline in mortality from external causes in Russia that began in 2003 has not stopped the trend. The displacement of other external causes continues, though mortality from events of undetermined intent has exceeded both suicide and homicide mortality, and its proportion has increased tenfold, reaching very high levels relative to those of other countries. In several studies done in Russia over the past decade, scholars have argued that such a high proportion essentially results from the manipulation of statistics on mortality from external causes, the so-called conversion of socially important causes of death to a latent form. The factors behind the persistent rise of the proportion of deaths due to events of undetermined intent (EUI) are analysed on the basis of a review of relevant research and long-term trends in mortality from external causes in Russia and selected developed countries. This makes it possible to expand the contextual framework of the discussion about the factors of the persistent growth of this “technical” indicator and about the hypothesis of the “natural” character of such dynamics.

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Regional evaluation of the reasons of death in the Russian Federation

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-5-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 5-16

Author(s):

Natalia Shartova ◽

Olga Chereshnia ◽

Vladimir Tikunov

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Large Cities ◽

Mathematical Algorithm ◽

Spatial Features ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

Individual Scale

Modern studies show significant inequalities in public health and mortality in many countries, and Russia is no exception. Moreover, according to some indicators, inequality in Russia is extremely high, both regionally and between different socio-economic groups. In this regard, a mathematical assessment of the main indicators of the causes of mortality at the regional level seems particularly relevant. This paper presents a study of the geography of causes of death in Russia from 2011 to 2015 in regions and large cities. The assessment was carried out using ranking according to standardized demographic indicators (mortality for reasons: some infectious and parasitic diseases; neoplasms; diseases of the circulatory system; respiratory diseases; diseases of the digestive system; external causes of death). The spatial features of mortality for each of the main causes are determined separately for men and women. Assessment and ranking of cities and regions of Russia was developed on the basis of a mathematical algorithm developed by one of the authors [Tikunov, 1997]. The results were mapped using an individual scale for each cause of death.

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Typology of Regions and Cities of Russia by Causes of Death

Kartografija i geoinformacije ◽

10.32909/kg.19.34.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (34) ◽

pp. 64-81

Author(s):

Olga Yu. Chereshnia ◽

Natalia A. Shartova ◽

Vladimir S. Tikunov

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Large Cities ◽

Spatial Features ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

External Causes

The problem of the high mortality rate, in comparison with countries with similar living standards, is extremely urgent in Russia. It is especially noticeable at the regional level, where differences in mortality and its structure are enormous. The regions of Russia are at different stages of epidemiological transition. This is expressed in differences in their mortality rates and differences in the structure of causes of death. The regions and largest cities of the country are sometimes diverge radically, which greatly complicates research. This paper presents a typology of regions and large cities of the Russian Federation according to the main classes of causes of death in 2015 and its cartography. The spatial features of mortality according to the main causes of death are determined separately for men and women. The assessment was carried out using classification by demographic indicators (causes of mortality: some infectious and parasitic diseases; tumours; diseases of the circulatory system; respiratory diseases; diseases of the digestive system; external causes of death). The dataset included 250 territorial units: 85 regions (including cities of federal significance) and 165 large cities with populations of over 100,000. Based on the primary statistics, standardised mortality rates were calculated. The classification was carried out according to an algorithm developed by one of the authors. The classification presented allows us to highlight the specific characteristics of individual groups of regions and analyse them with a greater degree of accuracy.

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РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРУКТУРИ СМЕРТНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS ◽

10.32620/cher.2021.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76-85

Author(s):

Лариса Олексіївна Попова ◽

Елена Николаевна Зорина ◽

Наталія Миколаївна Суховеєнко

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Main Hypothesis ◽

The Subject ◽

External Causes

A noticeable increase in the mortality rate of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic updates research in the field of mortality and life expectancy. The article compares the dynamics and mortality rate from the main causes of death in Russia and the Komi Republic on the eve of a pandemic. The aim of the study is to identify regional opportunities for increasing life expectancy due to the characteristics of the structure of mortality by causes. The subject of the research is mortality of the population of Russia and the Komi Republic due to causes of death. Methods used. The study was carried out on the basis of official data from Rosstat for the period 1990-2019, characterized by multidirectional trends in life expectancy. Methods of systemic, statistical and dynamic analysis and comparison were used. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption of the presence of significant regional reserves for the growth of life expectancy for all major classes of causes of death. Presentation of the main material. In Russia, the period under review is characterized by a decrease in mortality from respiratory diseases, external causes and diseases of the circulatory system, in Komi - only from a group of external causes. But its level and share in the structure of mortality remain higher than the national average - this is still the main reserve for increasing life expectancy. There has been a convergence with the all-Russian parameters of the level and proportion of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, which previously favorably distinguished the region. Komi is characterized by significantly more unfavorable dynamics and mortality rates from diseases of the digestive system and from neoplasms. The republic approached the beginning of the pandemic with a less favorable situation with mortality from respiratory diseases, but with a more favorable situation from infectious and parasitic diseases. The region has reserves for increasing life expectancy for almost all major causes of mortality. Originality and practical significance of the research. Revealing the specifics of the structure of mortality by causes makes it possible to determine regional priorities in demographic policy. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant changes in the structure of mortality by cause, which will be the subject of our further research.

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Men’s Mortality Decline in Lithuania: Sustainable Development or Short-term Changes?

Filosofija Sociologija ◽

10.6001/fil-soc.v29i2.3707 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Daumantas Stumbrys

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Mortality Decline ◽

Mortality Data ◽

High Increase ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

Causes Of Deaths

Lithuanian men had the lowest life expectancy among EU countries in 2015. However, since the year 2007 the country is facing the highest positive change in men’s life expectancy over the past 50 years. It is necessary to reveal what causes of deaths in different socio-demographic groups had a major impact on certain life expectancy changes. In this paper we analyse the aggregated mortality data from the Eurostat and Lithuanian Statistics databases. The analysis of the causes of death was implemented by using the de-compositional analysis method. The results show that the increase in life expectancy is determined by mortality decline due to the external causes of death and cardiovascular diseases. The record-high increase in men’s life expectancy in 2007–2015 conceals controversial changes in mortality at different stages of this period.

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Avoidable mortality from circulatory system diseases in Moldova

Population and Economics ◽

10.3897/popecon.5.e65218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 30-42

Author(s):

Vitalie V. Stirba

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Avoidable Mortality ◽

Circulatory System Diseases ◽

External Causes ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

Hypertensive Diseases

Mortality from avoidable circulatory system diseases causes one of the major losses in life expectancy, especially in males and population of working ages. The main contributors are the deaths caused by ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertensive diseases. This article analyses the trends in avoidable mortality caused by diseases of the circulatory system and estimates the possible increases in life expectancy due to the elimination of these causes of death. In this regard, the author uses methods of standardization, mortality decomposition and cause-elimination model. The study shows a decline in avoidable mortality from circulatory system diseases during the analyzed period, especially for earlier ages. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation in mortality dynamics depending on sex. In 2016–2018, avoiding these deaths could assure an increase in life expectancy by 3.8 years in males and 2.8 years in females. This possible increase in life expectancy could be partially achieved by improving the quality of the health care system and introducing policies and programs aimed at improving the health of the population. Moreover, programs aimed at preventing diseases of the circulatory system might influence on mortality diminution from other non-communicable diseases and external causes of death.

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Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

Science and Innovations in Medicine ◽

10.35693/2500-1388-2020-5-2-99-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽

Dmitrii N. Begun ◽

Tatyana V. Begun

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Age Groups ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Female Population ◽

Orenburg Region ◽

The Third ◽

Circulatory System Diseases ◽

External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY RATE AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE POLTAVA REGION AND THE WAYS OF ITS REDUCTION

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201905226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1087-1091

Author(s):

Valentyn M. Dvornyk ◽

Inna V. Bielikova ◽

Ludmyla M. Shylkina ◽

Valentyna L. Filatova ◽

Natalia M. Martynenko

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Digestive System ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Second Neoplasms ◽

Care Systems ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes

Introduction: Saving and improvement of population’ health is one of the main priorities of the policy in any country. Studying of the level and causes of mortality is a powerful tool for assessing the effectiveness of health care systems. WHO recommends using of the European classification of preventable causes of death that based on three levels of prevention. The aim of this study is to compare the level and structure of mortality of the population of Ukraine and the Poltava region, to substantiate scientific approaches to the study and identification of those causes of death that can be prevented in order to formulate prevention programs at different level. Materials and methods: In research are used the information from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and from the Center for Medical Statistics of the MoH of Ukraine. Review: Despite the positive dynamics of mortality in recent years, both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine, the indicators remain extremely negative. About 73.3% of all fatalities in Ukraine are three main types of causes cardiovascular diseases, external causes of death and neoplasms. In the Poltava region, 70.56% of all causes of death are due to cardiovascular disease; neoplasms occupy 13.88%; external causes - 4.87%; diseases of the digestive system - 3,06%; respiratory diseases - 1.31% of the causes of death. Conclusions: The mortality rate both in the Poltava region and in Ukraine has tendency for declines, but remains rather high. General trends in the structure of causes of death: in the first place are diseases of the cardiovascular system, the second - neoplasms, the third -external causes. Structuring of the causes of death that based on the principle of prevention in Ukraine do not conduct.

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