scholarly journals A Study on Survival Scenario of COVID-19 patients in India: An Application of Survival Analysis on patient demographics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampurna Kundu ◽  
Kirti ◽  
Debarghya Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central India ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender

The study of transmission dynamics of COVID-19, have depicted the rate, patterns and predictions of the pandemic cases. In order to combat the disease transmission in India, the Government had declared lockdown on the 25th of March. Even after a strict lockdown nationwide, the cases are increasing and have crossed 4.5 lakh positive cases. A positive point to be noted amongst all that the recovered cases are slowly exceeding the active cases. The survival of the patients, taking death as the event that varies over age groups and gender wise is noteworthy. This study aims in carrying out a survival analysis to establish the variability in survivorship among age groups and sex, at different levels, that is, national, state and district level. The open database of COVID-19 tracker (covid19india.org) of India has been utilized to fulfill the objectives of the study. The study period has been taken from the beginning of the first case which was on 30th Jan 2020 till 30th June. Due to the amount of under-reporting of data and dropping missing columns a total of 26,815 sample patients were considered. The entry point of each patient is different and event of interest is death in the study. Kaplan Meier survival estimation, Cox proportional hazard model and multilevel survival model has been used to perform survival analysis. Kaplan Meier survival function, shows that the probability of survival has been declining during the study period of five months. A significant variability has been observed in the age groups, as evident from all the survival estimates, with increasing age the risk of dying from COVID-19 increases. When Western and Central India show ever decreasing survival rate in the framed time period then Eastern , North Eastern and Southern India shows a slightly better picture in terms of survival. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, Rajasthan and West bengal showed alrmingly poor survival as well. This study has depicted a grave scenario of gradation of ever decreasing survival rates in various regions and shows the variability by age and gender.

scholarly journals Analysis and Estimation of Length of In-Hospital Stay Using Demographic Data of COVID-19 Recovered Patients in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Sreevalsan-Nair ◽  
Reddy Rani Vangimalla ◽  
Pritesh Rajesh Ghogale
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Disease Transmission Model

AbstractSingapore is one of the countries which has taken early, systematic, and rigorous nationwide responses to slowing the COVID-19 contagion down. By February 4, 2020, the government of Singapore restricted the mobility of the vulnerable age-groups. In the current study, we study the influence of the age-based vulnerability of the population with respect to COVID-19 conditions on the recovery of COVID-19 patients. We study 245 patients in Singapore recovered and discharged during January 23–April 01. We first study the descriptive statistics of the length of in-hospital stay (LOS) of the COVID-19 patients based on demographic variables, namely age, and gender. Then, we determine the distribution of LOS, using local and generalized linear regression models. We take the approach of periodization based on critical changes in the disease transmission model. Even though the overall recovery rate has reduced drastically after a sudden spike in daily confirmations, our analysis shows that there is a considerable shift in the COVID-19 confirmations to the population in the non-vulnerable age-groups. We show that the LOS of the non-vulnerable age group is considerably lower at 9 days, as opposed to 15 or 20 days in the existing literature.

Survival analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-218
Author(s):  
Bendix Carstensen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Analysis Survival ◽  
Event Rates

This chapter describes survival analysis. Survival analysis concerns data where the outcome is a length of time, namely the time from inclusion in the study (such as diagnosis of some disease) till death or some other event — hence the term 'time to event analysis', which is also used. There are two primary targets normally addressed in survival analysis: survival probabilities and event rates. The chapter then looks at the life table estimator of survival function and the Kaplan–Meier estimator of survival. It also considers the Cox model and its relationship with Poisson models, as well as the Fine–Gray approach to competing risks.

scholarly journals The duration of export trade relations and its influential factors in China's wooden floor

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Liu ◽  
Yuhui Yue ◽  
Dongling Miao ◽  
Baodong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Wood Flooring

PurposeThis article will select 25 years of subdivided data to perform Kaplan–Meier survival analysis on the export trade relations of Chinese wooden flooring, use discrete-time cloglog models to analyze influencing factors, use logit and probit models to test the robustness, and try to systematically reveal the duration of China's wood flooring export trade and its influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study used Kaplan–Meier survival function estimation method. In the survival analysis, survival function and hazard rate function are often used to characterize the distribution of survival time.FindingsThe continuous average export time of China's wooden flooring is relatively long, about 14 years. China's wooden flooring has a negative time dependency. After the export trade exceeds the threshold value of 15 years, the failure rate of trade greatly decreases, which has a “threshold effect.” Gravity model variables have a significant impact on the duration of China's wooden floor export.Originality/valueStudying the duration of forest products trade is of great significance for clearing deep-level trade relations and promoting sustainable development of forest products trade.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of renal patients underwent transplantation in Kyrgyz Republic and various countries by 10 years follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Zhanybek Gaibyldaev ◽  
Zhamalbek Ashimov ◽  
Damirbek Abibillaev ◽  
Fuat Kocyigit
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier

In our study we conducted survival analysis of 204 patients visited Scientific-Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organs transplantation and who underwent renal transplantation in Kyrgyzstan and other Eurasian countries between 2005 and 2016 years (age range: 9-71 years, mean: 38.21 (12.74) years, median: 34.0 (0.89) years; gender: 142 male (69.6%)). During follow-up period, mortality event was observed in 16 (7.84%) patients. Survival function probabilities of patients and rational risk factors of survival functions were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier results survival probabilities calculated for 1st year: 0.96 (0.014), for 3rd year: 0.94 (0.018), for 5th year: 0.86 (0.04), for 7th year: 0.75 (0.10). Among age groups 28-39 age ranges prevailed by 11 patients. Nevertheless, that difference did not show statistical significance: p˃0.322. The intensity of transplantation also analyzed according to years, which revealed increasing in numbers of operations by time. For instance, when in 2006 only two cases were registered in our center, but numbers of transplanted patients reached up to 48 in 2015. The association of mortality states and years of transplantation found significantly by Kaplan-Meier test (Breslow p˂0.001). The survival analysis was compared according to countries and revealed significant results (Breslow p˂0.05). From other factors influencing mortality, sex did not show strong impact on survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, but significant association was found by Cox regression analysis.

Natural history of neuromodulation devices and therapies: a patient-centered survival analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1385-1391
Author(s):  
Zoe E. Teton ◽  
Daniel Blatt ◽  
Amr AlBakry ◽  
James Obayashi ◽  
Gulsah Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hardware Failures ◽  
First Time

OBJECTIVEDespite rapid development and expansion of neuromodulation technologies, knowledge about device and/or therapy durability remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term rate of hardware and therapeutic failure of implanted devices for several neuromodulation therapies.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients’ device and therapy survival data (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis) for deep brain stimulation (DBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) at a single institution (years 1994–2015).RESULTSDuring the study period, 450 patients underwent DBS, 383 VNS, and 128 SCS. For DBS, the 5- and 10-year initial device survival was 87% and 73%, respectively, and therapy survival was 96% and 91%, respectively. For VNS, the 5- and 10-year initial device survival was 90% and 70%, respectively, and therapy survival was 99% and 97%, respectively. For SCS, the 5- and 10-year initial device survival was 50% and 34%, respectively, and therapy survival was 74% and 56%, respectively. The average initial device survival for DBS, VNS, and SCS was 14 years, 14 years, and 8 years while mean therapy survival was 18 years, 18 years, and 12.5 years, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe authors report, for the first time, comparative device and therapy survival rates out to 15 years for large cohorts of DBS, VNS, and SCS patients. Their results demonstrate higher device and therapy survival rates for DBS and VNS than for SCS. Hardware failures were more common among SCS patients, which may have played a role in the discontinuation of therapy. Higher therapy survival than device survival across all modalities indicates continued therapeutic benefit beyond initial device failures, which is important to emphasize when counseling patients.

Occurrence of Schistosoma hermatobium amongst L.E.A. Primary School Pupils in Giri village, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
B. Balarabe-Musa
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Education Authority ◽  
The Impact

The epidemiological studies and clinical features of Schistosoma hermatobium were carried out on 100 pupils of Local Education Authority (L.E.A) Primary School in Giri Village, Abuja. The result of this study showed a total prevalence rate of 33%. The prevalence of Schistosoma hermatobium in relation to gender showed that the male pupils 33.9% were more infected than the female pupils 31.8% But there was no significant relationship between prevalence and gender (p> 0.05). However, the prevalence rate in relation to age group showed that age group 14-16 had the highest rate of prevalence (43.5%). Statistical analysis also showed that there is positive correlation between prevalence and the various age groups (p<0.05). This study showed that Primary six pupils had the highest prevalence of Schistosoma hermatobium in relation to class of study. (37.7%). However, there was no positive relationship between prevalence and class of pupil (p>0.05). This study reveals that Schistosoma hermatobium parasite is a concern in Giri area, Abuja, FCT. Therefore, this study recommends that the government should create awareness on the impact of this disease and to enlighten the children through health education programs on the mode of transmission of this parasite and how to control Schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Survival in a cohort of patients with lung cancer: the role of age and gender in prognosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pereira Franceschini ◽  
Sérgio Jamnik ◽  
Ilka Lopes Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Disease Stages

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as their disease course, by age group and gender. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with NSCLC from 2000 to 2012 and followed until July 2015 in a tertiary referral hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the 25th and 75th percentiles of the age distribution, patients were stratified into three age groups: < 55 years; ≥ 55 and < 72 years; and ≥ 72 years. Survival time was evaluated during the follow-up period of the study. Functions of overall and gender-specific survival stratified by age groups (event: all-cause mortality) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences among survival curves were assessed via the log-rank test. Results: We included 790 patients with the following age distribution: < 55 years, 165 patients; ≥ 55 and < 72 years, 423; and ≥ 72 years, 202. In the entire sample, there were 493 men (62.4%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological pattern in the < 72-year age groups; 575 patients (73%) presented with advanced disease (stages IIIB-IV). The median 5-year survival was 12 months (95% CI: 4-46 months), with no significant differences among the age groups studied. Conclusions: NSCLC remains more common in men, although we found an increase in the proportion of the disease in women in the < 55-year age group. Adenocarcinoma predominated in women. In men, squamous cell carcinoma predominated in the ≥ 72-year age group. Most patients presented with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. There were no statistical differences in survival between genders or among age groups.

scholarly journals Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Talita dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Henrique Arroyo ◽  
Yan Mathias Alves ◽  
Luana Seles Alves ◽  
Thais Zamboni Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cox's Regression ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of the Clinical Episodes of Stroke Using Data from Western Delta Region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
K. I. Ekerikevwe
Keyword(s):  
Survival Function ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Case Files ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

This study is designed to investigate the epidemiology of stroke burden in Western Delta Region of Nigeria. To achieve this, statistical tools were used to analyze and interpret the prevalence of this diseases in the study area- with focus on the medical records (case files) of hundred and twenty-one (221) patients who suffered from stroke and were seen at selected government hospitals in the region, from 2003- 2016. The clinical episodes (CEs) of stroke for the patients who were admitted during acute care period (without discharge against medical advice) and were then assessed for various investigations and treatment interventions and long term care were obtained and statistically studied. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimator shows the survival rate to be 75% in 2003 and 25% in 2016. The year 2009 recorded the highest CEs (28) with survival function (0.23) and 2014 the lowest (4) with survival function (0.11). These have implications for all stakeholders in health matters in the study area. The study recommends an organized effort from both the government and the private sector to tackle the rising stroke burden in Western Delta Region of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Oropharyngeal Cancer Survival: A Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed between 1978 and 2002

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza ◽  
María Milagros Bernal ◽  
Javier Jerez Roig ◽  
Maria Paula Curado
Keyword(s):  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Objective. This paper aims at studying oropharyngeal cancer survival from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, Spain, for the 1978–2002 period. Methods. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the automated calculation method of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was utilized to obtain the relative survival. Results. The oropharyngeal cancer survival rate was 61.3% in the first year and 33.9% in the fifth year. One-year relative survival was 62.2% (CI 95%: 57.4–67.4), and five-year relative survival was 36.6% (CI 95%: 31.8–42.1). Comparison of survival rates by sex revealed statistically significant differences (P value = 0.017) with better survival in women. There were no differences when comparing the three age groups and the three studied time periods 1978–1986, 1987–1994, and 1995–2002. Conclusions. The data suggests that there were no significant changes in oropharyngeal cancer survival in the province of Zaragoza throughout the years.

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