scholarly journals Reduced risk-taking behavior during frontal oscillatory theta band neurostimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Dantas ◽  
Alexander T. Sack ◽  
Elisabeth Bruggen ◽  
Peiran Jiao ◽  
Teresa Schuhmann
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractBackgroundMost of our decisions involve a certain degree of risk regarding the outcomes of our choices. People vary in the way they make decisions, resulting in different levels of risk-taking behavior. These differences have been linked to prefrontal theta band activity. However, a direct functional relationship between prefrontal theta band activity and risk-taking has not yet been demonstrated.ObjectiveWe used noninvasive brain stimulation to test the functional relevance of prefrontal oscillatory theta activity for the regulatory control of risk-taking behavior.MethodsIn a within-subject experiment, 32 healthy participants received theta [4-8 Hertz (Hz)], gamma (30-50 Hz), and sham transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left prefrontal cortex (lPFC). During stimulation, participants completed a task assessing their risk-taking behavior as well as response times and sensitivity to value and outcome probabilities. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before and immediately after stimulation.ResultsTheta-band, but not gamma-band or sham, tACS led to a significant reduction in risk-taking behavior, indicating a frequency-specific effect of prefrontal brain stimulation on the modulation of risk-taking behavior. Moreover, theta-band stimulation led to increased response times and decreased sensitivity to reward values. EEG data analyses did not show an increase in power in the stimulated frequencies.ConclusionThese findings provide direct empirical evidence for the effects of prefrontal theta-band stimulation on behavioral risk-taking regulation.

scholarly journals Preprint: Bursting Balloons - Comparison of Risk Propensity Between Extreme Sports Esports and the General Public

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Keller ◽  
Maik Bieleke ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
General Public ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Arguably, extreme sports athletes exhibit a more significant risk appetite than the general public. Are standard behavioral risk measures able to capture this? To answer this question, we assessed self-reports of risk taking and measured the risk-taking behavior of samples of snowboarders and climbers. Two groups of non-athletes, university students and crowdworkers, and athletes of a sport that does not include the potential of grave injury or death, esports athletes, serve as control conditions and complement our study. Across these five different groups, 1313 participants performed an online version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and gave self-reports of general risk-taking propensity and sports-specific risk taking. Extreme sports athletes exhibited greater risk propensity in the BART than non-athletes and esports athletes. Furthermore, BART-performance predicted sports-specific risk taking and its affective consequences. Our results speak to the BART’s ecological validity and the unique role of physical consequences on risk-taking behavior.

scholarly journals Preprint of “How does peer competition modulates risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chen Zhang ◽  
Kai Dou
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The relation between peer influence and risk-taking behaviors has received extensive empirical attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of whether how two-way conflicting context influences risk-taking behaviors still remain unclear. To this end, the current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how peer competition affects risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Twenty-four college students completed a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) under two contexts: single and peer competition condition. Behavioral results showed that participants prefer risk aversion in competitive context. ERPs results showed that participants induce higher N2 under peer competition in the decision-making phase. In the feedback phase, a higher P300 was observed in single condition while a more negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) was showed after loss feedback. Results are in line with social comparison theory and reinforcement learning theory. The specific effect of peer influence on risk-taking behavior has been discussed.

scholarly journals Reduced risk-taking behavior during frontal oscillatory theta band neurostimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 147365
Author(s):  
Aline M. Dantas ◽  
Alexander T. Sack ◽  
Elisabeth Bruggen ◽  
Peiran Jiao ◽  
Teresa Schuhmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Reduced Risk

Mindsets Affect Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Keller ◽  
Peter M. Gollwitzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Action Phases ◽  
Mindset Theory

Abstract. In two experiments, we investigated the downstream consequences of activating deliberative versus implemental mindsets on risk perception (Experiment 1) and risk-taking behavior (Experiment 2). We hypothesized that participants in an implemental versus deliberative mindset arrive at more optimistic judgments about their own risks of experiencing negative life events, compared to other peoples’ risks. The results of Experiment 1 confirm this hypothesis and reveal perceived controllability as an important moderator. Experiment 2 further augments these findings by demonstrating that participants in a deliberative mindset show less risk-taking behavior than participants in an implemental mindset using a behavioral risk task. Implications for research on mindset theory of action phases and mindset-dependent effects on risk perception and risk-taking behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Desynchronization of temporal lobe theta-band activity during effective anterior thalamus deep brain stimulation in epilepsy

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 116967
Author(s):  
Maximillian Scherer ◽  
Luka Milosevic ◽  
Robert Guggenberger ◽  
Volker Maus ◽  
Georgios Naros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Anterior Thalamus ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Bursting balloons - comparison of risk taking between extreme sports, esports, and the general public

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Keller ◽  
Maik Bieleke ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
General Public ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

AbstractArguably, extreme sports athletes exhibit a more significant risk appetite than the general public. Are standard behavioral risk measures able to capture this? To answer this question, we assessed self-reports of risk taking and measured the risk-taking behavior of samples of snowboarders and climbers. Two groups of non-athletes, university students and crowdworkers, and athletes of a sport that does not include the potential of grave injury or death, esports athletes, serve as control conditions and complement our study. Across these five different groups, 1313 participants performed an online version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and gave self-reports of general willingness to take risks and sports-specific risk taking. Extreme sports athletes exhibited greater risk taking in the BART than non-athletes and esports athletes. Furthermore, BART-performance predicted sports-specific risk taking and its affective consequences. Our results speak to the BART’s ecological validity and the unique role of physical consequences on risk-taking behavior.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Indicators of General and Food-Specific Impulsivity in Children with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Schmidt ◽  
Caroline Sebert ◽  
Christine Kösling ◽  
Martin Grunwald ◽  
Anja Hilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Band Activity

Impulsivity, particularly towards food, is a potential risk factor for increased energy intake and the development and maintenance of obesity in children. However, neuropsychological and neurophysiological indicators of general and food-specific impulsivity and their association with children’s weight status are poorly understood. This pilot study examined electroencephalography (EEG) frequency band profiles during eyes-closed and eyes-open resting state in n = 12 children with overweight or obesity versus n = 22 normal-weight controls and their link to child- and parent-reported and experimentally assessed impulsivity of children (e.g., risk-taking behavior, approach-avoidance behavior towards food). The main results indicated that children with overweight/obesity versus normal weight showed significantly increased delta and decreased alpha band activity during eyes-closed resting state. Across the total sample, EEG slow-wave band activity was particularly linked to self- and parent-reported impulsivity and greater risk-taking behavior, but not to approach behavior towards food, after controlling for children’s age and weight status. The identification of specific EEG patterns in children with excess weight may provide a new basis for developing neurophysiological diagnostic and treatment approaches for childhood obesity. Future studies with larger samples and longitudinal designs are needed to replicate the present findings and test their stability over time.

Predicting Stock Market Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Plieger ◽  
Thomas Grünhage ◽  
Éilish Duke ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.

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