scholarly journals Associations between solid fuel use and early child development among 3 to 4 years old children in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Patricia Luna Gutierrez ◽  
Syed Emdadul Haque ◽  
José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz ◽  
Dipak K. Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractBackgroundHousehold Air Pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) may have impacts on children’s health in low-resources countries. Despite these potential health effects, SFU is still highly prevalent in Bangladesh.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the associations between SFU and early childhood development index (ECDI) among under-five children in Bangladesh and explore the potential effect modification by sex and urbanicity.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study used Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, a nationally representative survey data collected by UNICEF from all 64 districts in Bangladesh. The ECDI consisted of ten different items across four developmental domains: literacy-numeracy, physical, social-emotional development, and learning skills in the early years of life (36 to 59 months). A total of 9,395 children aged 36 to 59 months were included in this analysis. We used multilevel Poisson regression models with a robust variance where SFU was a proxy indicator for HAP exposure.ResultsChildren exposed to SFU were 1.47 times more likely to be not developmentally on track (95% CI: 1.25, 1.73; <0.001) compared to children with no SFU exposure. Two sub-domains explained these associations, SFU was significantly associated with socio-emotional development (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36; p=0.035), and learning-cognitive development (PR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.60; p<0.001). Associations between SFU and ECDI were not significantly different (p-difference=0.210) between girls (PR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.07) and boys (PR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.65). Likewise, urbanicity did not modify the associations between SFU and ECDI outcomes.ConclusionBangladeshi children aged 36-59 months exposed to SFU exhibited delays in childhood development compared to unexposed children. Public health policies should promote a better early life environment for younger children to meet their developmental milestones by reducing the high burden of HAP exposure in low-resource settings where most disadvantaged kids struggle to reach their full developmental potentials.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults with chronic diseases in the USA: an analysis of the nationally representative COVID-19 impact survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044600
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Marlene Camacho-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundPreventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA.Primary measuresAdults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%).ResultsCompared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ2-p<0.001), social distancing (χ2-p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ2-p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ2-p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ2-p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income <US$50 000 (aPR:2.03, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.72), uninsured (aPR:1.65, 95% CI1.09 to 2.52), employed (aPR:1.48, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.17), residing in rural areas (aPR:1.70, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.85) and without any CD (aPR:1.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.55) were more likely to not adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviours.ConclusionAdults with CDs are more likely to adhere to recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Public health messaging targeting specific demographic groups and geographic areas, such as adults without CD or adults living in rural areas, should be prioritised.

Depression — a common disorder across a broad spectrum of neurological conditions: a cross-sectional nationally representative survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G.M. Bulloch ◽  
Kirsten M. Fiest ◽  
Jeanne V.A. Williams ◽  
Dina H. Lavorato ◽  
Sandra A. Berzins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Vitamin B12serostatus in Colombian children and adult women: results from a nationally representative survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Julia B Ward ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Colombian Women

AbstractObjectiveVitamin B12 deficiency is associated with many adverse health outcomes and is highly prevalent worldwide. The present study assesses the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian children and women and examines the sociodemographic correlates of serum vitamin B12 concentrations in these groups.DesignCross-sectional, nationally representative survey.SettingColombia.SubjectsChildren <18 years old (n 7243), pregnant women (n 1781), and non-pregnant women 18–49 years old (n 499).ResultsThe overall prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (serum vitamin B12<148 pmol/l) and marginal deficiency (serum vitamin B12=148–221 pmol/l) was, respectively, 6·6 % (95 % CI 5·2 %, 8·3 %) and 22·5 % (95 % CI 21·1 %, 23·9 %). Pregnant women had the highest prevalence of deficiency (18·9 %; 95 % CI 16·6 %, 21·5 %) compared with non-pregnant adult women (18·5 %; 95 % CI 4·4 %, 53·1 %) and children (2·8 %; 95 % CI 2·3 % %, 3·3 %). In multivariable analyses among children, mean serum vitamin B12 was positively associated with female sex (12 pmol/l higher compared with males; P=0·004), secondary or higher education of the household head (12 pmol/l higher compared with primary or less; P=0·009) and food security (21 pmol/l higher compared with severe food insecurity; P=0·003). In multivariable analyses among pregnant women, mean serum vitamin B12 was positively associated with education of the household head and inversely associated with living in the National territories, Eastern or Pacific regions.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and marginal deficiency in Colombian women and children is substantial. The burden falls largely on adult women, those with lowest education and those living in the poorest, most rural regions of the country.

scholarly journals In-home solid fuel use and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shanghai Putuo study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Sun Lee ◽  
Jing-qing Hang ◽  
Feng-ying Zhang ◽  
He-lian Dai ◽  
Li Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals The effect of solid fuel use on childhood mortality in Nigeria: evidence from the 2013 cross-sectional household survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osita Kingsley Ezeh ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho ◽  
Michael John Dibley ◽  
John Joseph Hall ◽  
Andrew Nicolas Page
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Fraction and Number of Unemployed Associated with Self-Reported Low Back Pain: A Nation-Wide Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10760
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tomioka ◽  
Teruyo Kitahara ◽  
Midori Shima ◽  
Keigo Saeki
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

This study examined a cross-sectional association between self-reported low back pain (LBP) and unemployment among working-age people, and estimated the impact of self-reported LBP on unemployment. We used anonymized data from a nationally representative survey (24,854 men and 26,549 women aged 20–64 years). The generalized estimating equations of the multivariable Poisson regression models stratified by gender were used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for unemployment. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated using Levin’s method, with the substitution method for 95% CI estimation. The prevalence of self-reported LBP was 9.0% in men and 11.1% in women. The prevalence of unemployment was 9.3% in men and 31.7% in women. After adjusting for age, socio-economic status, lifestyle habits, and comorbidities, the PR (95% CI) for the unemployment of the LBP group was 1.32 (1.19–1.47) in men and 1.01 (0.96–1.07) in women, compared with the respective non-LBP group. The PAF (95% CI) of unemployment associated with self-reported LBP was 2.8% (1.6%, 4.2%) in men. Because the total population of Japanese men aged 20–64 in 2013 was 36,851 thousand, it was estimated that unemployment in 1037 thousand of the Japanese male working population was LBP-related.

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