scholarly journals Impact of regulative noise exposure to biodiesel production due to enhanced lipid droplet production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Preliminary results from a laboratory experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Droplet Production

Lipid Droplet (LD) is a ubiquitous cellular organelle that stores natural lipids as an energy and carbon source. It has emerged as a highly active organelle, engaged in lipid synthesis, protein storage, protein degradation, transportation, and metabolism. It stores natural lipids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) and steryl esters. TAGs consider promising biotechnological importance to produce biodiesel; thus, LD is considered a tremendous scientific concern in the modern era. The TAG accumulation is found in various feedstocks, but amongst the microorganisms becomes an evident alternative against animal and plant-derived sources due to economic reasons. Amid microorganisms, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a better alternative for industrial utilization but has low production of TAGs. Thus, to enhance the LD concentration, novel research was designed to induce alternate high and low sound frequency at a regular interval on a yeast model organism. The control and treated yeast samples further investigated using biochemical, biophysical, and computational tools to conclude that cells increase lipid droplet production under regulative noise exposure. The results endorsed that noise induces yeast LD yield is significantly higher than control, which could be considered a milestone in the biodiesel industry development and the biodiesel policy. This analysis also helps researchers to understand the novel function of LDs and their regulation in cell metabolism.

The lipid droplet enzyme Tgl1p hydrolyzes both steryl esters and triglycerides in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
Vol 1735 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jandrositz ◽  
Julia Petschnigg ◽  
Robert Zimmermann ◽  
Klaus Natter ◽  
Hubert Scholze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Steryl Esters

scholarly journals In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Ousama Al Shanaa ◽  
Andrey Rumyantsev ◽  
Elena Sambuk ◽  
Marina Padkina
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Near Future

RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.

scholarly journals Non-Ionizing Millimeter Waves Non-Thermal Radiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Insights and Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6635
Author(s):  
Ayan Barbora ◽  
Shailendra Rajput ◽  
Konstantin Komoshvili ◽  
Jacob Levitan ◽  
Asher Yahalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Safety Standards

Non-ionizing millimeter-waves (MMW) interact with cells in a variety of ways. Here the inhibited cell division effect was investigated using 85–105 GHz MMW irradiation within the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) non-thermal 20 mW/cm2 safety standards. Irradiation using a power density of about 1.0 mW/cm2 SAR over 5–6 h on 50 cells/μL samples of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism resulted in 62% growth rate reduction compared to the control (sham). The effect was specific for 85–105 GHz range and was energy- and cell density-dependent. Irradiation of wild type and Δrad52 (DNA damage repair gene) deleted cells presented no differences of colony growth profiles indicating non-thermal MMW treatment does not cause permanent genetic alterations. Dose versus response relations studied using a standard horn antenna (~1.0 mW/cm2) and compared to that of a compact waveguide (17.17 mW/cm2) for increased power delivery resulted in complete termination of cell division via non-thermal processes supported by temperature rise measurements. We have shown that non-thermal MMW radiation has potential for future use in treatment of yeast related diseases and other targeted biomedical outcomes.

scholarly journals Lipid Acyl Chain Remodeling in Yeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 8s1 ◽  
pp. LPI.S31780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike F. Renne ◽  
Xue Bao ◽  
Cedric H. De Smet ◽  
Anton I. P. M. De Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Phospholipid Acyl Chain

Membrane lipid homeostasis is maintained by de novo synthesis, intracellular transport, remodeling, and degradation of lipid molecules. Glycerophospholipids, the most abundant structural component of eukaryotic membranes, are subject to acyl chain remodeling, which is defined as the post-synthetic process in which one or both acyl chains are exchanged. Here, we review studies addressing acyl chain remodeling of membrane glycerophospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism that has been successfully used to investigate lipid synthesis and its regulation. Experimental evidence for the occurrence of phospholipid acyl chain exchange in cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine is summarized, including methods and tools that have been used for detecting remodeling. Progress in the identification of the enzymes involved is reported, and putative functions of acyl chain remodeling in yeast are discussed.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s Yeast) as an Interfering RNA Expression and Delivery System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Duman-Scheel
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Rna Integrity ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Interfering Rna

The broad application of RNA interference for disease prevention is dependent upon the production of dsRNA in an economically feasible, scalable, and sustainable fashion, as well as the identification of safe and effective methods for RNA delivery. Current research has sparked interest in the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for these applications. This review examines the potential for commercial development of yeast interfering RNA expression and delivery systems. S. cerevisiae is a genetic model organism that lacks a functional RNA interference system, which may make it an ideal system for expression and accumulation of high levels of recombinant interfering RNA. Moreover, recent studies in a variety of eukaryotic species suggest that this microbe may be an excellent and safe system for interfering RNA delivery. Key areas for further research and development include optimization of interfering RNA expression in S. cerevisiae, industrial-sized scaling of recombinant yeast cultures in which interfering RNA molecules are expressed, the development of methods for largescale drying of yeast that preserve interfering RNA integrity, and identification of encapsulating agents that promote yeast stability in various environmental conditions. The genetic tractability of S. cerevisiae and a long history of using this microbe in both the food and pharmaceutical industry will facilitate further development of this promising new technology, which has many potential applications of medical importance.

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Identification of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase in Soybean (Glycine max)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Ji ◽  
Xiaoyue Wu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Qianhui Yuan ◽  
Yixin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Response Elements

Phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase (PEAMT), a kind of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, plays an essential role in many biological processes of plants, such as cell metabolism, stress response, and signal transduction. It is the key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the three-step methylation of ethanolamine-phosphate (P-EA) to phosphocholine (P-Cho). To understand the unique function of PEAMT in soybean (Glycine max) lipid synthesis, we cloned two phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase genes GmPEAMT1 and GmPEAMT2, and performed functional identification. Both GmPEAMT1 and GmPEAMT2 contain two methyltransferase domains. GmPEAMT1 has the closest relationship with MtPEAMT2, and GmPEAMT2 has the closest relationship with CcPEAMT. GmPEAMT1 and GmPEAMT2 are located in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. There are many light response elements and plant hormone response elements in the promoters of GmPEAMT1 and GmPEAMT2, indicating that they may be involved in plant stress response. The yeast cho2 opi3 mutant, co-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipid methyltransferase (PLMT) and GmPEAMT1 or GmPEAMT2, can restore normal growth, indicating that GmPEAMTs can catalyze the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphate monomethylethanolamine. The heterologous expression of GmPEAMT1 and GmPEAMT2 can partially restore the short root phenotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana peamt1 mutant, suggesting GmPEAMTs have similar but different functions to AtPEAMT1.

scholarly journals Seeking a Role for Translational Control by Alternative Polyadenylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Rachael E. Turner ◽  
Traude H. Beilharz
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Cleavage And Polyadenylation ◽  
Made In

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) represents an important mechanism for regulating isoform-specific translation efficiency, stability, and localisation. Though some progress has been made in understanding its consequences in metazoans, the role of APA in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains a relative mystery because, despite abundant studies on the translational state of mRNA, none differentiate mRNA isoforms’ alternative 3′-end. This review discusses the implications of alternative polyadenylation in S. cerevisiae using other organisms to draw inferences. Given the foundational role that research in this yeast has played in the discovery of the mechanisms of cleavage and polyadenylation and in the drivers of APA, it is surprising that such an inference is required. However, because advances in ribosome profiling are insensitive to APA, how it impacts translation is still unclear. To bridge the gap between widespread observed APA and the discovery of any functional consequence, we also provide a review of the experimental techniques used to uncover the functional importance of 3′ UTR isoforms on translation.

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