scholarly journals History of premorbid depression is a risk factor for COVID-related mortality: Analysis of a retrospective cohort of 1,387 COVID+ patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Clouston ◽  
Benjamin J Luft ◽  
Edward Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Related Mortality

Background: The goal of the present work was to examine risk factors for mortality in a 1,387 COVID+ patients admitted to a hospital in Suffolk County, NY. Methods: Data were collated by the hospital epidemiological service for patients admitted from 3/7/2020-9/1/2020. Time until final discharge or death was the outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate time until death among admitted patients. Findings: In total, 99.06% of cases had resolved leading to 1,179 discharges and 211 deaths. Length of stay was significantly longer in those who died as compared to those who did not p=0.007). Of patients who had been discharged (n=1,179), 54 were readmitted and 9 subsequently died. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that in addition to older age, male sex, and heart failure, a history of premorbid depression was a risk factor for COVI-19 mortality. Interpretation: While an increasing number of studies have shown effects linking cardiovascular risk factors with increased risk of mortality in COVID+ patients, this study reports that history of depression is a risk factor for COVID mortality.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the 10-year survival of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the Q-Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsujikawa ◽  
Shunsuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroto Hiyamuta ◽  
Masatomo Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractWomen have a longer life expectancy than men in the general population. However, it has remained unclear whether this advantage is maintained in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of mortality, especially infection-related mortality, between male and female hemodialysis patients. A total of 3065 Japanese hemodialysis patients aged ≥ 18 years old were followed up for 10 years. The primary outcomes were all-cause and infection-related mortality. The associations between sex and these outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. During the median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1498 patients died of any cause, 387 of whom died of infection. Compared with men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause and infection-related mortality in women were 0.51 (0.45–0.58, P < 0.05) and 0.36 (0.27–0.47, P < 0.05), respectively. These findings remained significant even when propensity score-matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment methods were employed. Furthermore, even when the non-infection-related mortality was considered a competing risk, the infection-related mortality rate in women was still significantly lower than that in men. Regarding all-cause and infection-related deaths, women have a survival advantage compared with men among Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality following bereavement in two successive generations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243290
Author(s):  
David Teye Doku ◽  
Subas Neupane ◽  
Henrik Dobewall ◽  
Arja Rimpelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Related Mortality

Background and aim Bereavement affects the health of the bereaved both emotionally and physically. Bereavement resulting from alcohol-related death of the previous generation (parents-first generation) may increase the risk of alcohol abuse and consequently alcohol-related mortality as well as all-cause mortality in the next generation (offspring-second generation). Furthermore, these associations can be bi-directional. However, there is no conclusive evidence of these effects, and studies exploring these intergenerational effects are rare. This study investigates these associations. Methods A longitudinal data were constructed by linking participants from the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS) from 1979 to 1997 with census and registry-based data from Statistics Finland containing the socioeconomic status of the survey participants and their parents (N = 78610) to investigate these associations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals to determine the effect of bereavement with alcohol-related mortality and all-cause mortality. Results The findings suggest that bereavement following the death of an offspring increases the risk of both alcohol-related and all-cause mortality among both parents. The magnitude of the risk of mortality following the death of an offspring is higher for mothers than for fathers. There were no clear associations of a parent’s death with an offspring’s alcohol-related or all-cause mortality. However, generally, a father’s death seems to be protective of the risk of mortality among the offspring while a mother’s alcohol-related death slightly increased the risk of alcohol-related mortality among their offspring. Conclusions These findings emphasise the role of bereavement, particularly resulting from the death of an offspring, on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality and therefore inequalities in mortality. Furthermore, the findings highlighting the need for alcohol abuse intervention and emotional support for bereaved persons following the death of an offspring.

scholarly journals Migraine and the risk of incident hypertension among women

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1817-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M Rist ◽  
Anke C Winter ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
Tobias Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background Few studies have examined whether migraine is associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study among 29,040 women without hypertension at baseline. Women were classified as having active migraine with aura, active migraine without aura, a past history of migraine, or no history of migraine. Incident hypertension was defined as new physician diagnosis or newly self-reported systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or ≥90 mmHg respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between migraine and incident hypertension. Results During a mean follow-up of 12.2 years, 15,176 incident hypertension cases occurred. Compared to those with no history of migraine, women who experience migraine with aura had a 9% increase in their risk of developing hypertension (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18); women who experience migraine without aura had a 21% increase in their risk of developing hypertension (95% CI: 1.14, 1.28); and women with a past history of migraine had a 15% increase in their risk of developing hypertension (95% CI: 1.07, 1.23). Conclusions Women with migraine have a higher relative risk of developing hypertension compared to women without migraine.

Faster Transport Status and Mortality in Anuric Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xiong ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Qingdong Xu ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Huiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: There are limited data regarding the relationship between transport status and mortality in anuric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: According to the dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr), 292 anuric CAPD patients were stratified to faster (D/P Cr ≥0.65) and slower transport groups (D/P Cr <0.65). The Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of transport status with mortality. Results: During a median follow-up of 22.1 months, 24% patients died, 61.4% of them due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anuric patients with faster transport were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR (95% CI) = 2.16 (1.09-4.26)), but not cardiovascular mortality, after adjustment for confounders. Faster transporters with pre-existing CVD had a greater risk for death compared to those without any history of CVD. Conclusion: Faster transporters were independently associated with high all-cause mortality in anuric CAPD patients. This association was strengthened in patients with pre-existing CVD.

scholarly journals A contemporary survival analysis of individuals with cystic fibrosis: a cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Stephenson ◽  
Melissa Tom ◽  
Yves Berthiaume ◽  
Lianne G. Singer ◽  
Shawn D. Aaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Previously established predictors of survival may no longer apply in the current era of cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Our objective was to identify risk factors associated with survival in a contemporary CF population.We used the Canadian CF Registry, a population-based cohort, to calculate median age of survival and summarise patient characteristics from 1990 to 2012. Clinical, demographic and geographical factors, and survival were estimated for a contemporary cohort (2000–2012) using Cox proportional hazards models.There were 5787 individuals in the registry between 1990 and 2012. Median survival age increased from 31.9 years (95% CI 28.3–35.2 years) in 1990 to 49.7 years (95% CI 46.1–52.2 years) in the most current 5-year window ending in 2012. Median forced expiratory volume in 1 s improved (p=0.04) and fewer subjects were malnourished (p<0.001) over time. Malnourished patients (hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.8), those with multiple exacerbations (HR 4.5, 95% CI 3.2–6.4) and women with CF-related diabetes (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7) were at increased risk of death.Life expectancy in Canadians with CF is increasing. Modifiable risk factors such as malnutrition and pulmonary exacerbations are associated with an increased risk of death. The sex gap in CF survival may be explained by an increased hazard for death in women with CF-related diabetes.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Survival of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 10-year Outcome of the Q-Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsujikawa ◽  
Shunsuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroto Hiyamuta ◽  
Masatomo Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background: A survival advantage of women is observed in the general population. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding this advantage in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of mortality, especially infection-related mortality, between male and female hemodialysis patients.Methods: A total of 3065 Japanese hemodialysis patients aged ≥18 years old were followed up for 10 years. Primary outcome was all-cause and infection-related mortality. The association between the sex and these outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: During the median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1498 patients died of any cause, and 387 died of infection. Compared with men, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause and infection-related mortality in women were 0.51 (0.45–0.58) and 0.36 (0.27–0.47), respectively. This association remained significant even when the propensity score-matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment methods were employed. Furthermore, even when the non-infection-related mortality was considered a competing risk, the infection-related mortality rate in women was still significantly lower than that in men.Conclusions: A female survival advantage over men is observed in Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Abstract P378: Risk Factors for Incident Venous Thrombosis and their Associations with Recurrence

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri L Wiggins ◽  
Laura B Harrington ◽  
Marc Blondon ◽  
Kenneth M Rice ◽  
Colleen M Sitlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Risk factors for incident venous thrombosis (VT) have been studied extensively, yet less is known about risk factors for recurrent VT in population-based settings. Objective: To evaluate whether established risk factors for incident VT are associated with recurrent VT in women. Methods: In a population-based, case-control study, we identified 1575 incident VT cases in 2002-2010 among women aged 18-89 and 3254 matched controls. Incident VT cases were followed for VT recurrence, defined by physician diagnosis with clinical and/or imaging evidence of a new or expanded clot. We used separate Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association of risk factors, assessed at the time of the incident VT, with the hazard of VT recurrence. Established risk factors for incident VT included: age, race, body mass index (BMI), hospitalization or inpatient surgery ≤30 days prior to event, recent cancer diagnosis or treatment, history of cardiovascular disease, and current estrogen use (oral contraceptive or hormone therapy). Incident VT characteristics (distal vs. proximal deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE] with or without DVT) were also evaluated. Models were adjusted for all factors simultaneously and were run with and without adjustment for time-dependent oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT). Risk factors were assessed by chart review, telephone interview, and computerized pharmacy records. Results: For these interim analyses, follow-up data were available for 1285 women who were followed for a mean of 39.6 months with a 13% probability of a recurrent VT at 3 years. Higher BMI and recent cancer were associated with an increased risk of recurrent VT. When time-dependent OAT was included in the models, estimates were essentially unchanged. Conclusions: In our population-based study, most risk factors for incident VT were poor predictors of recurrence. However, we provide further evidence that BMI and recent cancers are associated with modestly increased hazards of VT recurrence in women.

Age at onset and familial risk for major depression in a Swedish national twin sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
MARGARET GATZ ◽  
CHARLES O. GARDNER ◽  
NANCY L. PEDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background. In many biomedical disorders, early age at onset (AAO) is an index of high liability to illness which is manifest by an increased risk of illness in relatives. Most but not all prior studies report such a pattern for major depression (MD).Method. Lifetime MD and AAO were assessed at personal interview using modified DSM-III-R criteria in 13864 twin pairs, including 4229 onsets of MD, from the Swedish National Twin Registry. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models.Results. Controlling for year of birth, gender, zygosity, co-twin history of MD and the interaction of zygosity and co-twin history, the best-fit model showed a significant main effect and a quadratic effect of AAO of MD in the co-twin on the log hazard ratio for MD in the index twin. When examined together, these effects predicted that from the ages of 15 to ~35 years, AAO of MD is moderately negatively related to risk of illness in relatives. However, past age 35, the function flattens out, with little change of risk in relatives with further increases of AAO. Even when the co-twin had a late AAO, the risk in the index twin substantially exceeded that seen when the co-twin had no history of MD.Conclusion. In this large sample, AAO is a meaningful, albeit modest, index of familial liability to MD. The relationship is nonlinear and results largely from an increased liability in individuals with an early AAO. These results should be interpreted in the context of the limitations of long-term recall.

scholarly journals The importance of social activity to risk of major depression in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Euijung Ryu ◽  
Gregory D. Jenkins ◽  
Yanshan Wang ◽  
Mark Olfson ◽  
Ardesheer Talati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Icd Codes

Abstract Background Several social determinants of health (SDoH) have been associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, prior studies largely focused on individual SDoH and thus less is known about the relative importance (RI) of SDoH variables, especially in older adults. Given that risk factors for MDD may differ across the lifespan, we aimed to identify the SDoH that was most strongly related to newly diagnosed MDD in a cohort of older adults. Methods We used self-reported health-related survey data from 41 174 older adults (50–89 years, median age = 67 years) who participated in the Mayo Clinic Biobank, and linked ICD codes for MDD in the participants' electronic health records. Participants with a history of clinically documented or self-reported MDD prior to survey completion were excluded from analysis (N = 10 938, 27%). We used Cox proportional hazards models with a gradient boosting machine approach to quantify the RI of 30 pre-selected SDoH variables on the risk of future MDD diagnosis. Results Following biobank enrollment, 2073 older participants were diagnosed with MDD during the follow-up period (median duration = 6.7 years). The most influential SDoH was perceived level of social activity (RI = 0.17). Lower level of social activity was associated with a higher risk of MDD [hazard ratio = 2.27 (95% CI 2.00–2.50) for highest v. lowest level]. Conclusion Across a range of SDoH variables, perceived level of social activity is most strongly related to MDD in older adults. Monitoring changes in the level of social activity may help identify older adults at an increased risk of MDD.

scholarly journals Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Breast Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
In Young Choi ◽  
Sohyun Chun ◽  
Dong Wook Shin ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Keun Hye Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Screening Program ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective: To our knowledge, no studies have yet looked at how the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) varies with changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in MetS and subsequent BC occurrence. Research Design and Methods: We enrolled 930,055 postmenopausal women aged 40–74 years who participated in a biennial National Health Screening Program in 2009–2010 and 2011–2012. Participants were categorized into four groups according to change in MetS status during the two-year interval screening: sustained non-MetS, transition to MetS, transition to non-MetS, and sustained MetS. We calculated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC incidence using the Cox proportional hazards models. Results: At baseline, MetS was associated with a significantly increased risk of BC (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.17) and so were all of its components. The risk of BC increased as the number of the components increased (aHR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26–1.61 for women with all five components). Compared to the sustained non-MetS group, the aHR (95% CI) for BC was 1.11 (1.04–1.19) in the transition to MetS group, 1.05 (0.96–1.14) in the transition to non-MetS group, and 1.18 (1.12–1.25) in the sustained MetS group. Conclusions: Significantly increased BC risk was observed in the sustained MetS and transition to MetS groups. These findings are clinically meaningful in that efforts to recover from MetS may lead to reduced risk of BC.

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