An early-morning flowering trait in rice helps retain grain yield under heat stress field conditions at flowering stage

AbstractEarly-morning flowering (EMF) trait is supposed to be effective in retaining grain yield due to mitigation of heat-induced spikelet sterility at flowering in rice. This study evaluated (i) phenotypic differences between a near-isogenic line carrying a QTL for EMF trait, designated as IR64+qEMF3, and a recurrent parent, IR64, under wide variation in climates and (ii) whether an EMF trait can retain grain yield under heat stress at flowering. IR64+qEMF3 had significant earlier flower opening time (FOT) in diverse environmental conditions including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Under normal temperatures at flowering, IR64+qEMF3 had similar grain yield to IR64 with some significant changes in agronomic traits and yield components. Field trials in heat-vulnerable regions of central Myanmar for seven crop seasons showed that higher percentage of filled grains contributed to the significantly higher grain yield in IR64+qEMF3 among yield components when plants were exposed to daily maximum air temperatures around 36.5 °C or higher. Lower spikelet sterility in IR64+qEMF3 was attributed to the earlier FOT during cooler early morning hours. This is the first field study that clearly demonstrates the advantage of the EMF trait for retaining grain yield by stabilizing percentage of fertile grains under heat stress at flowering.

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An early-morning flowering trait enhances heat-resilience at flowering

10.22541/au.161261657.79850333/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽

Hlaing Thandar ◽

Ye Oo ◽

Tin Lwin ◽

Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Early Morning ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Isogenic Line ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Tropical Regions

An early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is supposed to be effective in enhancing grain yield due to mitigation of heat-induced spikelet sterility at flowering in rice. This study evaluated (i) phenotypic differences between a near-isogenic line carrying a QTL for EMF trait, designated as IR64+qEMF3, and a recurrent parent, IR64, under wide variation in climates and (ii) whether an EMF trait can enhance grain yield under heat stress at flowering. IR64+qEMF3 had significant earlier flower opening time (FOT) in diverse environmental conditions including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Under normal temperatures at flowering, IR64+qEMF3 had similar grain yield to IR64 with some significant changes in agronomic traits and yield components. Field trials in heat-vulnerable regions of central Myanmar for seven crop seasons showed that higher percentage of filled grains contributed to the significantly higher grain yield in IR64+qEMF3 among yield components when plants were exposed to daily maximum air temperatures around 36.5 oC or higher. Lower spikelet sterility in IR64+qEMF3 was attributed to the earlier FOT during cooler early morning hours. This is the first field study that clearly demonstrates the enhancement of heat-resilience due to EMF trait at flowering.

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Impact of Supra-Optimal Temperatures on Physiology and Yield in Rice Field

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n2p27 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giovani Greigh Brito ◽

Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽

Gustavo Mack Teló ◽

Aluana Gonçalves Abreu ◽

Ariano Martins de Magalhães Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Exchange Parameters

<p>Heat stress is an increasing constraint for the productivity of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) worldwide. In this context, a study was carry out to quantify the supra-optimal temperature effects on rice yield-components and secondly to investigate its effects on plant physiological attributes when different genetic backgrounds are submitted to contrasting environment air-temperatures during the anthesis, the most sensitive growth phase to heat stress. Three Embrapa's cultivars were used, BRS Pampa, BRS Sinuelo CL and IAS 12-9 Formosa which represent indica/japonica, indica and essentially japonica subspecies, respectively. One day before anthesis phase, sub plot plants were submitted to heat stress via polythene shelters for 96 h. Photosynthesis and respiration parameters were measured at 24 and 48 h after stress, and at physiological maturity, grain carbon isotope fractionation as well as yield components and grain yield were quantified. There were significant differences among genotypes for some gas exchange parameters at ambient and under increased temperatures at 24 and 48 h after stress, such as carbon assimilation and respiration rate. Heat-stress also affected yield components, especially for BRS Sinuelo CL showing the highest spikelet sterility (54%) while BRS Pampa had the lowest value (20.80%) and the highest 1000-grain weight and grain yield. These results demonstrate that although heat tolerance has been more frequently found in indica spp, this trait can also be present in genotypes combining indica/japonica genetic background, as shown by BRS Pampa cultivar.</p>

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Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13287 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Dura ◽

M. Duwayri ◽

M. Nachit ◽

F. Al Sheyab

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

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Influence of crop management upon the agronomic traits of spelt (Triticum spelta L.)

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/121/2011-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 435-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Pospisil A Pospisil M Svecnjak Z Matotan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Grain Number ◽

Triticum Spelta ◽

Fungicide Treatment ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Germinated Seeds

  Investigations were carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in the growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 with the aim to determine the influence of seeding rate and fungicide treatment upon the yield and yield components of spelt (Triticum spelta L.). The trial included two spelt cultivars: Nirvana and Ostro, three seeding rates: 200, 300, and 400 germinated seeds/m2, and a fungicide treatment (tebuconazole). Cultivar Nirvana produced a significantly higher grain yield in both trial years, higher number of spikelets per spike, higher grain number and mass per spike. Cultivar Ostro had a significantly higher grain crude proteins content, higher 1000 grain weight, and also a higher number of sterile spikelets per spike. No significant effect of seeding rate on grain yield was determined while the fungicide treatment had a significant effect on grain yield only in the warmer year 2008/2009.

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An early-morning flowering trait in rice can enhance grain yield under heat stress field conditions at flowering stage

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108400 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 277 ◽

pp. 108400

Author(s):

Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽

Khin Thandar Hlaing ◽

Ye Min Oo ◽

Tin Mg Lwin ◽

Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Field ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Early Morning ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Flowering Stage

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Estimates of heterosis and association of genetic distance with heterosis in durum wheat under different moisture regimes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859606006551 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 145 (3) ◽

pp. 239-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. F. SOLOMON ◽

M. T. LABUSCHAGNE ◽

C. D. VILJOEN

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Yield And Yield Components

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate heterosis for grain yield and yield components in durum wheat, and to assess the prediction potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based and agronomic trait based genetic distances (GD and MD, respectively) to F1 performance, mid parent heterosis (MPH), and specific combining ability effects (SCA) under well-watered and moisture stress conditions. Six parental genotypes with different responses to moisture stress and their 15 F1 crosses were evaluated for their responses to moisture stress conditions in a glasshouse. Some cross combinations showed significant MPH for grain yield and yield components. The expression of heterosis for grain yield was greater under moisture stress conditions than under well-watered conditions. Cluster analysis of the parental lines based on agronomic performance under stress conditions was similar to cluster analysis result based on AFLP marker profiles. F1 performance was strongly correlated to both SCA effects and MPH under both stress and well water conditions. The correlation between SCA and MPH was very high under both treatment conditions for all traits. Correlation between GD and MD was significant only under stress conditions. Positive correlation was found only for the association between GD v. F1 performance and GD v. SCA effects for harvest index (HI) under well-watered conditions. None of the correlations between MD and SCA effects were significant. The absence of association between GD and heterosis for yield and most agronomic traits implied that heterozygosity per se diversity is not a good predictor of heterosis or F1 performance under both well-watered and stressed conditions.

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Path Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield Components and Some Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201462050945 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 945-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽

Naser Sabaghnia ◽

Mojtaba Nouraein

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Spikelet Number ◽

Grain Length ◽

Grain Diameter

Development of new bread wheat cultivars needs efficient tools to monitor trait association in a breeding program. This investigation was aimed to characterize grain yield components and some agronomic traits related to bread wheat grain yield. The efficiency of a breeding program depends mainly on the direction of the correlation between different traits and the relative importance of each component involved in contributing to grain yield. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in 56 bread wheat genotypes grown under field conditions of Maragheh, Iran. Observations were recorded on 18 wheat traits and correlation coefficient analysis revealed grain yield was positively correlated with stem diameter, spike length, floret number, spikelet number, grain diameter, grain length and 1000 seed weight traits. According to the variance inflation factor (VIF) and tolerance as multicollinearity statistics, there are inconsistent relationships among the variables and all traits could be considered as first-order variables (Model I) with grain yield as the response variable due to low multicollinearity of all measured traits. In the path coefficient analysis, grain yield represented the dependent variable and the spikelet number and 1000 seed weight traits were the independent ones. Our results indicated that the number of spikelets per spikes and leaf width and 1000 seed weight traits followed by the grain length, grain diameter and grain number per spike were the traits related to higher grain yield. The above mentioned traits along with their indirect causal factors should be considered simultaneously as an effective selection criteria evolving high yielding genotype because of their direct positive contribution to grain yield.

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Adaptation of Promising Rice Genotypes for Broadcast Aus Season

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v23i2.48246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

B Karmakar ◽

MAA Mamun ◽

MS Rahman ◽

MA Islam ◽

MR Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Check Variety ◽

Rice Genotypes

Rice cultivation in Aus season is eco-friendly and essential for sustainable food security of Bangladesh utilizing rain water rather than extracting underground water. Four rice genotypes (BR6855-3B-12, BR6855-3B-13, BR6848-3B-12 and BR6976-2B-11-1) along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were evaluated at farmers’ field during broadcast Aus season. The objectives were to investigate the adaptability of the rice genotypes and find out promising genotype(s) for Broadcast Aus rice. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Randomized complete block design (RCB) was used with three replications. Standard and uniform management practices were followed for all the locations. Data were taken on grain yield, days to 80% maturity, plant height, panicles m-2, 1000-grain weight, grains panicle-1, spikelet sterility (%), Phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and maturity stage, pest incidence; feedback of farmers and extension personnel. Genotypes, environments and interaction of genotypes by environments had significant effect on grain yield, yield components and agronomic parameters. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the check (control) and improved genotypes except the genotype BR6976-2B-11-1 which was similar with the check BRRI dhan43 for all parameters. Correlation analysis was also performed to establish extent of association between yield and major yield components. Grain yield positively and significantly correlated with the agronomic parameters except spikelet sterility. Across the locations, BR6848-3B-12 produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.88 t ha-1) at Feni while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained in BR6976-2B-11-1 followed by BRRI dhan43 (1.64 t ha-1) at Kushtia. BR6848-3B-12 showed yield advantage of 1.0 t ha-1 over the check variety BRRI dhan43 with similar growth duration (104 day). AMMI stability value, yield stability index and GGE Bi-plot model indicated that BR6855-3B-12 is the most adaptable, suitable and stable genotype for broadcast Aus rice across the locations, and finally it is released in 2017 as BRRI dhan83 for broadcast Aus season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 35-48

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Characterization of heat tolerance in wheat cultivars and effects on production components

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201562020009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adérico Júnior Badaró Pimentel ◽

João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho Rocha ◽

Moacil Alves de Souza ◽

Guilherme Ribeiro ◽

Carolina Ramalho Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Yield Components ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Heat Tolerant

Abstract: There is a need for heat tolerant wheat cultivars adapted to the expansion of cultivation areas in warmer regions due to the high demand of this cereal for human consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high temperatures on grain yield and yield components of wheat and characterize heat tolerant wheat genotypes at different development stages. The genotypes were evaluated in the field with and without heat stress. High temperatures reduced the number of spikelets per spike (21%), number of grains per spike (39%), number of grains per spikelet (23%), 1000-grain weight (27%) and grain yield (79%). Cultivars MGS 1 Aliança, Embrapa 42, IAC 24-Tucuruí and IAC 364-Tucuruí III are the most tolerant to heat stress between the stages double ridge and terminal spikelet; MGS 1 Aliança, BRS 264, IAC 24-Tucuruí, IAC 364-Tucuruí III and VI 98053, between meiosis and anthesis; and BRS 254, IAC-24-Tucuruí, IAC-364-Tucuruí III and VI 98053, between anthesis and physiological maturity. High temperatures reduce grain yield and yield components. The number of grains per spike is the most reduced component under heat stress. The genotypes differed in tolerance to heat stress in different developmental stages.

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Genetic Diversification and Selection Strategies for Improving Sorghum Grain Yield Under Phosphorous-Deficient Conditions in West Africa

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Chiaka Diallo ◽

H. Frederick W. Rattunde ◽

Vernon Gracen ◽

Aboubacar Touré ◽

Baloua Nebié ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Central Africa ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Soil P ◽

Nested Association Mapping ◽

Design Selection ◽

Sorghum Grain

Sorghum, a major crop for income generation and food security in West and Central Africa, is predominantly grown in low-input farming systems with serious soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies. This study (a) estimates genetic parameters needed to design selection protocols that optimize genetic gains for yield under low-phosphorus conditions and (b) examines the utility of introgressed backcross nested association mapping (BCNAM) populations for diversifying Malian breeding materials. A total of 1083 BC1F5 progenies derived from an elite hybrid restorer “Lata-3” and 13 diverse donor accessions were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits under contrasting soil P conditions in Mali in 2013. A subset of 298 progenies were further tested under low-P (LP) and high-P (HP) conditions in 2014 and 2015. Significant genetic variation for grain yield was observed under LP and HP conditions. Selection for grain yield under LP conditions was feasible and more efficient than the indirect selection under HP in all three years of testing. Several of the BCNAM populations exhibited yields under LP conditions that were superior to the elite restorer line used as a recurrent parent. The BCNAM approach appears promising for diversifying the male parent pool with introgression of diverse materials using both adapted Malian breed and unadapted landrace material from distant geographic origins as donors.

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