Change in cognition and body mass index in relation to preclinical dementia

INTRODUCTION: To study if declining cognition drives weight loss in preclinical dementia, we examined the longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive abilities in those who did or did not later develop dementia. METHODS: Using data from individuals spanning age 50-89, we applied dual change score models separately in individuals who remained cognitively intact (n=1,498) and those who were diagnosed with dementia within five years of last assessment (n=459). RESULTS: Among the cognitively intact, there was a bidirectional association: stable BMI predicted stable cognition and vice versa. Among those subsequently diagnosed with dementia, the association was unidirectional: higher BMI predicted declining cognition, but cognition did not predict change in BMI. DISCUSSION: While BMI and cognition stabilized each other when cognitive functioning was intact, this buffering effect was missing in the preclinical dementia phase. This finding indicates that weight loss in preclinical dementia is not driven by declining cognition.

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The dynamic association between body mass index and cognition from midlife through late-life, and the effect of sex and genetic influences

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86667-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ida K. Karlsson ◽

Margaret Gatz ◽

Thalida Em Arpawong ◽

Anna K. Dahl Aslan ◽

Chandra A. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Late Life ◽

Change Score ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Dynamic Relationship

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) is associated with cognitive abilities, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationship from midlife through late-life, while considering sex differences and genetic predisposition to higher BMI. We used data from 23,892 individuals of European ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study, with longitudinal data on BMI and three established cognitive indices: mental status, episodic memory, and their sum, called total cognition. To investigate the dynamic relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, we applied dual change score models of change from age 50 through 89, with a breakpoint at age 65 or 70. Models were further stratified by sex and genetic predisposition to higher BMI using tertiles of a polygenic score for BMI (PGSBMI). We demonstrated bidirectional effects between BMI and all three cognitive indices, with higher BMI contributing to steeper decline in cognitive abilities in both midlife and late-life, and higher cognitive abilities contributing to less decline in BMI in late-life. The effects of BMI on change in cognitive abilities were more evident in men compared to women, and among those in the lowest tertile of the PGSBMI compared to those in the highest tertile, while the effects of cognition on BMI were similar across groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight a reciprocal relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, indicating that the negative effects of a higher BMI persist from midlife through late-life, and that weight-loss in late-life may be driven by cognitive decline.

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The dynamic association between body mass index and cognition from midlife through late-life, and the effect of sex and genetic influences

10.21203/rs.3.rs-186197/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ida K Karlsson ◽

Margaret Gatz ◽

Thalida Em Arpawong ◽

Anna K Dahl Aslan ◽

Chandra A Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Late Life ◽

Change Score ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Dynamic Relationship

Abstract Body mass index (BMI) is associated with cognitive abilities, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the bidirectional relationship from midlife through late-life, while considering sex differences and genetic predisposition to higher BMI. We used data from 23,892 individuals of European ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study, with longitudinal data on BMI and three established cognitive indices: mental status, episodic memory, and their sum, called total cognition. To investigate the dynamic relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, we applied dual change score models of change from age 50 through 89, with a breakpoint at age 65 or 70. Models were further stratified by sex and genetic predisposition to higher BMI using tertiles of a polygenic score for BMI (PGSBMI). We demonstrated bidirectional effects between BMI and all three cognitive indices, with higher BMI contributing to steeper decline in cognitive abilities in both midlife and late-life, and higher cognitive abilities contributing to less decline in BMI in late-life. The effects of BMI on change in cognitive abilities were more evident in men compared to women, and among those in the lowest tertile of the PGSBMI compared to those in the highest tertile, while the effects of cognition on BMI were similar across groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight a reciprocal relationship between BMI and cognitive abilities, indicating that the negative effects of a higher BMI persist from midlife through late-life, and that weight-loss in late-life may be driven by cognitive decline.

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Disentangling the obesity paradox in upper gastrointestinal cancers: Weight loss matters more than body mass index

Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.canep.2021.101912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 101912

Author(s):

Shria Kumar ◽

Nadim Mahmud ◽

David S. Goldberg ◽

Jashodeep Datta ◽

David E. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

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Enrolling Caregivers in Obesity Interventions to Improve Obesity-Related Outcomes in Children

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/01939459211037057 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019394592110370

Author(s):

Hannah Bessette ◽

MinKyoung Song ◽

Karen S. Lyons ◽

Sydnee Stoyles ◽

Christopher S. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Weight Loss Programs ◽

Obesity Interventions

In this study, we assessed the influences of change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/sedentary time (ST) of caregivers participating in a commercial weight-loss program on their children’s change in MVPA/ST. Data from 29 caregivers and their children were collected over 8 weeks. We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations of changes in caregiver’s percent of time spent in MVPA/ST and changes in their child’s percent of time spent in MVPA/ST. For caregivers that decreased body mass index (BMI) over 8 weeks, changes in caregivers’ MVPA was strongly associated with the change in children’s MVPA (β = 2.61 [95% CI: 0.45, 4.77]) compared to caregivers who maintained/increased BMI (β = 0.24 [–2.16, 2.64]). Changes in caregivers’ ST was strongly associated with changes in children’s ST (β = 2.42 [1.02, 3.81]) compared to caregivers who maintained/increased BMI (β = 0.35 [–0.45, 1.14]). Findings reinforce encouraging caregivers to enroll in weight-loss programs for the benefit of their children as well as for themselves.

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The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mammographic Density during a Premenopausal Weight Loss Intervention Study

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3245

Author(s):

Emma C. Atakpa ◽

Adam R. Brentnall ◽

Susan Astley ◽

Jack Cuzick ◽

D. Gareth Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Breast Density ◽

Small Sample ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Short Term ◽

Dense Area ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change

We evaluated the association between short-term change in body mass index (BMI) and breast density during a 1 year weight-loss intervention (Manchester, UK). We included 65 premenopausal women (35–45 years, ≥7 kg adult weight gain, family history of breast cancer). BMI and breast density (semi-automated area-based, automated volume-based) were measured at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after study entry (1 year post intervention). Cross-sectional (between-women) and short-term change (within-women) associations between BMI and breast density were measured using repeated-measures correlation coefficients and multivariable linear mixed models. BMI was positively correlated with dense volume between-women (r = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.61), but less so within-women (r = 0.08, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.28). There was little association with dense area (between-women r = −0.12, 95%CI: −0.38, 0.16; within-women r = 0.01, 95%CI: −0.24, 0.25). BMI and breast fat were positively correlated (volume: between r = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.84, within r = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.75; area: between r = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.82, within r = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.63). Multivariable models reported similar associations. Exploratory analysis suggested associations between BMI gain from 20 years and density measures (standard deviation change per +5 kg/m2 BMI: dense area: +0.61 (95%CI: 0.12, 1.09); fat volume: −0.31 (95%CI: −0.62, 0.00)). Short-term BMI change is likely to be positively associated with breast fat, but we found little association with dense tissue, although power was limited by small sample size.

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Five-year Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Prospective Multicenter study

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/0003134821991984 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000313482199198

Author(s):

Imad El Moussaoui ◽

Etienne Van Vyve ◽

Hubert Johanet ◽

André Dabrowski ◽

Arnaud Piquard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Body Mass ◽

Excess Weight Loss ◽

Prospective Multicenter Study ◽

Weight Loss Failure ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Mean ◽

Predictors Of Weight Loss

Background Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure in the world. Our purpose was to evaluate the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after SG, and identify predictive factors of weight loss failure. Methods A prospective cohort study of adults who underwent SG during 2014 in 7 Belgian-French centers. Their demographic, preoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed statistically. Results Overall, 529 patients underwent SG, with a mean preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI) of 118.9 ± 19.9 kg and 42.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2, respectively. Body mass index significantly decreased to 32.2 kg/m2 at 5 years ( P < .001). The mean %EWL was 63.6% at 5 years. A significant reduction in dyslipidemia (28.0%-18.2%), obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) (34.6%-25.1%), and arterial hypertension (HTN) (30.4%-21.5%) was observed after 5 years, but not for diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). At multivariate analysis, age >50 years old, BMI >50 kg/m2, and previous laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) remained independent predictors of weight loss failure. Conclusions Five years after SG, weight loss was satisfactory; the reduction of comorbidities was significant for dyslipidemia, OSAS, and HTN, but not diabetes and GERD. Age >50 years old, BMI >50 kg/m2, and previous LAGB were independent predictors of weight loss failure.

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The impact of late-career job loss and genetic risk on body mass index: Evidence from variance polygenic scores

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86716-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lauren L. Schmitz ◽

Julia Goodwin ◽

Jiacheng Miao ◽

Qiongshi Lu ◽

Dalton Conley

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Job Loss ◽

Past Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Polygenic Scores ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

AbstractUnemployment shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited concerns over the long-term effects of job loss on population health. Past research has highlighted the corrosive effects of unemployment on health and health behaviors. This study examines whether the effects of job loss on changes in body mass index (BMI) are moderated by genetic predisposition using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To improve detection of gene-by-environment (G × E) interplay, we interacted layoffs from business closures—a plausibly exogenous environmental exposure—with whole-genome polygenic scores (PGSs) that capture genetic contributions to both the population mean (mPGS) and variance (vPGS) of BMI. Results show evidence of genetic moderation using a vPGS (as opposed to an mPGS) and indicate genome-wide summary measures of phenotypic plasticity may further our understanding of how environmental stimuli modify the distribution of complex traits in a population.

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Association between parental and offspring’s body mass index: results from EPACI Portugal 2012

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001543 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Margarida Nazareth ◽

Elisabete Pinto ◽

Milton Severo ◽

Carla Lopes ◽

Carla Rêgo

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Transgenerational Transmission ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Random Intercept ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Longitudinal Association

Abstract Objective: To assess the longitudinal association between parental body mass index (BMI) and offspring´s BMI, in EPACI Portugal 2012. Design: Longitudinal study with retrospective collection of children’s anthropometry data since birth. Children’s anthropometric data were gathered from individual child health bulletins and parents’ anthropometrics were self-reported. Children’s and parents’ BMI were classified according to WHO cut-offs. Linear mixed models with random intercept and slope for age were applied to quantify the association between parental BMI and children BMI Z-score (zBMI). Setting: EPACI Portugal 2012. Participants: Representative sample from the Portuguese population (n 2230) aged from 12 to 36 months. Results: 58.9% of the fathers and 35.6% of the mothers were overweight (OW) or obese. Prevalence of infants who were, at least, at risk of OW increased from 17.0% to 30.3% since birth to 12 months. About half of the mothers with pre-pregnancy OW and obesity (OB) gained gestational weight above the recommendations. The children from mothers with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the recommendations showed a -0.15 SD lower zBMI (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.23;-0.06) in early life, comparing with mothers within GWG recommendations. Children of obese mothers were more likely to present a higher zBMI (0.24 SD, 95%CI: 0.13;0.35) throughout the first months of life. Conclusion: A high prevalence of OW and OB was observed in Portuguese young adults and toddlers. Mothers’ pre-pregnancy BMI and insufficient GWG had a direct effect on offspring BMI. Early effective interventions are needed in order to prevent the transgenerational transmission of OB.

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