scholarly journals Vagus nerve cross-sectional area in patients with Parkinson’s Disease – an ultrasound case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Horsager ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
Tatyana D Fedorova ◽  
Katrine B. Andersen ◽  
Casper Skjærbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
High Frequency Transducer ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

AbstractBackgroundVagal parasympathetic neurons are prone to degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). High-resolution ultrasound can precisely estimate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vagus CSA is reduced in PD.MethodsWe included 56 healthy controls (HCs) and 63 patients with PD. Using a high-end ultrasound system equipped with a high-frequency transducer, five images were obtained of each nerve. The hypoechoic neuronal tissue was delineated offline with dedicated software and the CSA extracted.ResultsIn the initial PD vs. HC comparison, no statistically significant differences were observed in mean left vagus CSA (HC: 1.97mm2, PD: 1.89mm2, P=0.36) or in mean right vagus CSA (HC: 2.37mm2, PD: 2.23mm2, P=0.17). The right vagus CSA was significantly larger than the left vagus CSA in both groups (P<0.0001). Females were overrepresented in the HC group and presented with generally smaller vagus CSAs. Consequently, sex-adjusted CSA was significantly smaller for the right vagus nerve of the PD group (P=0.041), but not for the left.ConclusionA small but significant reduction in sex-adjusted right vagus CSA was observed in patients with PD. The left vagus CSA was not significantly reduced in patients with PD. Ultrasound may not be a suitable method to detecting vagal axonal loss in individual patients.

scholarly journals Vagus Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—An Ultrasound Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Horsager ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
Tatyana D. Fedorova ◽  
Katrine B. Andersen ◽  
Casper Skjærbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
High Frequency Transducer ◽  
Ultrasound System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Left Vagus

Background: Vagal parasympathetic neurons are prone to degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). High-resolution ultrasound can precisely estimate the cross-sectional (CSA) area of peripheral nerves. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vagus CSA is reduced in PD.Methods: We included 56 healthy controls (HCs) and 63 patients with PD. Using a high-end ultrasound system equipped with a high-frequency transducer, five images were obtained of each nerve. The hypoechoic neuronal tissue was delineated offline with dedicated software and the CSA extracted.Results: In the initial PD vs. HC comparison, no statistically significant differences were observed in mean left vagus CSA (HC: 1.97 mm2, PD: 1.89 mm2, P = 0.36) nor in mean right vagus CSA (HC: 2.37 mm2, PD: 2.23 mm2, P = 0.17). The right vagus CSA was significantly larger than the left vagus CSA in both groups (P &lt; 0.0001). Females were overrepresented in the HC group and presented with generally smaller vagus CSAs. Consequently, sex-adjusted CSA was significantly smaller for the right vagus nerve of the PD group (P = 0.041), but not for the left.Conclusion: A small but significant reduction in sex-adjusted right vagus CSA was observed in patients with PD. The left vagus CSA was not significantly reduced in patients with PD. Ultrasound may not be a suitable method to detecting vagal axonal loss in individual patients.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson’s Disease patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C.J. Sijben ◽  
Werner H. Mess ◽  
Uwe Walter ◽  
A. Miranda L. Janssen ◽  
Mark Kuijf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have revealed the importance of the gut brain axis in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has also been suggested that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vagus nerve can be used in the diagnosis of PD. Here, we hypothesize that the CSA of the vagus nerve is decreased in PD patients compared to control subjects.MethodsIn this study we measured the CSA of the vagus nerve on both sides in 31 patients with PD and 51 healthy controls at the level of the common carotid artery using high-resolution ultrasound.ResultsThe CSA of the vagus nerve was not reduced in PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.391. The mean CSA of the left vagus nerve was significantly smaller than the right (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between age, gender and autonomic symptoms with the CSA of the left (p = 0.128) and right vagus nerve (p = 0.166).ConclusionThese findings show that the CSA of the vagus nerve using ultrasonography is not a reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of PD.HighlightsThe cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not decreased in Parkinson disease patients.The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve does not correlate with autonomic symptoms.Measurement of the vagus nerve cross-sectional area has a high inter-observer correlation.

scholarly journals Altered Body Composition of Psoas and Thigh Muscles in Relation to Frailty and Severity of Parkinson's Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiang ◽  
Chen ◽  
Lin
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Fat Fraction

Background: To investigate the relationship between fat content and the cross-sectional area of psoas and thigh muscles, and clinical severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients and 20 age- and sex-matched normal controls were recruited. All subjects underwent MRI study to determine the fat content of the bilateral psoas and thigh muscles. Muscle quality was measured by grasp, walking speed, and cross-sectional area. All patients underwent clinical surveys to evaluate disease severity and frailty, and analyses of the correlations between muscle quality and disease severity were performed. Results: Compared with the controls, patients exhibited higher fatty content in the measured muscles. The higher fat infiltration of measured muscles was significantly correlated with increased disease severity and frailty in patients. The fat fraction of the bilateral medial compartment of the thigh was correlated with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-I results and the fat fraction of the bilateral anterior compartment of the thigh was correlated with weakness and exhaustion in patients. Conclusions: Decreased quality in psoas and thigh muscles is prominent in Parkinson’s disease which is further associated with disease severity and frailty. Awareness of the risk of sarcopenia and associated sequelae might improve patient care and outcomes.

scholarly journals Measurement of the adult human midbrain with transcranial ultrasound

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247920
Author(s):  
Karl Aoun ◽  
Kay L. Double ◽  
Verity Pearson-Dennett ◽  
Rezzak Yilmaz ◽  
Daniela Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Substantia Nigra Echogenicity

Background Transcranial sonography is increasingly used to aid clinical diagnoses of movement disorders, for example, to identify an enlarged area of substantia nigra echogenicity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Objective The current study investigated characteristics of the midbrain at the anatomical plane for quantification of substantia nigra echogenicity. METHODS: Area of substantia nigra echogenicity, cross-sectional area of the midbrain, and interpeduncular angle were quantified in two groups of adults aged 18–50 years: 47 healthy non-drug-using controls (control group) and 22 individuals with a history of methamphetamine use (methamphetamine group), a cohort with a high prevalence of enlarged substantia nigra echogenicity and thus risk of Parkinson’s disease. Results In the control group, cross-sectional area of the midbrain (4.47±0.44 cm2) and interpeduncular angle were unaffected by age, sex, or image acquisition side. In the methamphetamine group, cross-sectional midbrain area (4.72±0.60 cm2) and area of substantia nigra echogenicity were enlarged compared to the control group, and the enlargement was sex-dependent (larger in males than females). Whole midbrain area and interpeduncular angle were found to be weak predictors of area of substantia nigra echogenicity after accounting for group and sex. Conclusions History of methamphetamine use is associated with an enlarged midbrain and area of substantia nigra echogenicity, and the abnormality is more pronounced in males than females. Thus, males may be more susceptible to methamphetamine-induced changes to the brainstem, and risk of Parkinson’s disease, than females.

scholarly journals Sonographic Measurement of Cross-sectional Area of the Median Nerve in Academic Dentists Without Symptoms or Signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Akram Asbeutah ◽  
Mohsen Dashti ◽  
Abdullah AlMajran ◽  
Aref Ghayyath
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
The Right

The objective was to evaluate the distribution of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and flattening ratio (FR) of the median nerve (MN) in asymptomatic academic dentists using ultrasonography (US). Fifty academic dentists underwent US of the MN in transverse section at the pisiform bone level and the CSA (mm2) and FR were measured bilaterally. A CSA of <10 mm2 was considered normal. Paired t-test showed no statistical significance between either hand for CSA and FR ( P> .05). Two independent t-tests showed significant statistical differences ( P= .023) between males and females in the right dominant hand for CSA. Linear correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between CSA and FR for number of years of experience or number of working hours per day in either hand ( P>.05). The CSA was abnormal in the right dominant hand in 20 (40%) of the subjects. These male academic dentists were at increased risk of having an enlarged MN without symptoms.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography of the Vagus Nerve in the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ovidijus Laucius ◽  
Renata Balnytė ◽  
Kęstutis Petrikonis ◽  
Vaidas Matijošaitis ◽  
Neringa Jucevičiūtė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Background. It is currently impossible to diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the premotor phase even though at the time of motor symptom onset the number of already degenerated dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons is considerable. Degeneration of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (VN) has been reported early in the disease course, and it could lead to impaired function of the VN, resulting in certain nonmotor symptoms of PD. Therefore, we raised a hypothesis that the loss of VN neurons could result in a smaller diameter of the VN among PD patients. Methods. 20 PD patients and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without any neurodegenerative disease were enrolled in a pilot study. The diameters of the right and left VNs were measured using ultrasonography, their average was calculated, and the narrower VN diameter was noted separately. Results. No difference was found between the PD and control groups neither in the average VN diameter (mean 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.24 vs. 1.13; 1.07–1.18, mm; p=0.353) nor in the narrower VN diameter (mean 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.20 vs. 1.07; 1.02–1.13, mm; p=0.421). The narrower VN diameter and the average VN diameter were not able to distinguish between PD patients and controls (area under curve (AUC) = 0.588, 95% CI = 0.408–0.767, and p=0.344; and AUC = 0.578, 95% CI = 0.396–0.759, and p=0.402). Conclusions. To conclude, no differences were found in VN diameter between the PD and control groups. Therefore, our data do not support the hypothesis that PD could be associated with a smaller diameter of the VN.

scholarly journals Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Cong ◽  
Xingming Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Qiu ◽  
Shun Dai ◽  
Chuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

scholarly journals Novel body positioning maximizes femoral venous size in adults: An ultrasonographic evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Hong Joon Ahn ◽  
Jun Wan Lee ◽  
Seung Woo Yoo ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Kun Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner ◽  
Leg Position

Introduction: Increased femoral vein size may lead to a higher first pass success rate during central venous cannulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body position on femoral vein anatomy for cannulation. Methods: This prospective study examined the femoral vein of healthy volunteers by ultrasound scanner. The changes in cross-sectional area and diameter of the femoral vein were evaluated. Right-sided measurements were taken at four different leg positions: neutral, frog leg, back-up, and back-up/frog leg position. Results: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean femoral vein cross-sectional area were 0.57 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.90 ± 0.26 cm2, 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, and 1.47 ± 0.34 cm2, and the mean femoral vein diameter were 0.75 ± 0.20 cm, 1.05 ± 0.28 cm, 1.25 ± 0.21 cm, and 1.46 ± 0.25 cm in order of neutral, back-up, frog leg, and back-up/frog leg position (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Performing the right femoral vein catheterization in back-up and frog leg position is associated with a greater cross-sectional area of the femoral vein.

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