scholarly journals Polypide anatomy of hornerid bryozoans (Stenolaemata: Cyclostomatida)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Tamberg ◽  
Peter B. Batson ◽  
Ruth Napper
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Striking Deviation ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

AbstractBryozoans are small colonial coelomates whose colonies are made of individual modules (zooids). Like most coelomate animals, bryozoans have a characteristic body wall composition, including epidermis, extracellular matrix (ECM) and coelothelium, all pressed together. The order Cyclostomatida, however, presents the most striking deviation, in which the ECM and the corresponding coelothelium underlying major parts of the skeletal wall epidermis are “;peeled off” to form an independent membranous sac. The polypide anatomy and ultrastructure of this group is best known from one family, the Crisiidae (Articulata). Here we examined four species from the phylogenetically and ecologically contrasting family Horneridae (Cancellata) from New Zealand. Here we provide the first detailed ultrastructural examination of the hornerid polypide, including tentacles, mouth region, digestive system and the funiculus. We were able to trace continuity and transitions of cell and ECM layers throughout the whole polypide. In addition we identified that the funiculus is a lumen-free ECM cord with two associated muscles, disconnected from interzooidal pores. While agreeing with the general cyclostomate body plan, hornerids have some unique traits that make them worthy of additional study.HighlightsHornerids share a general cyclostomate body plan. The frontal tentacle ECM transitions into oral sphincter ECM, the abfrontal lophophore ECM becomes a septum between coelomic compartments, and the funuculus is a solid ECM cord supplied with muscles.

Positioning and maintenance of embryonic body wall muscle attachments in C. elegans requires the mup-1 gene

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y. Goh ◽  
T. Bogaert
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecule ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Body Wall Muscles

As part of a general study of genes specifying a pattern of muscle attachments, we identified and genetically characterised mutants in the mup-1 gene. The body wall muscles of early stage mup-1 embryos have a wild-type myofilament pattern but may extend ectopic processes. Later in embryogenesis, some body wall muscles detach from the hypodermis. Genetic analysis suggests that mup-1 has both a maternal and a zygotic component and is not required for postembryonic muscle growth and attachment. mup-1 mutants are suppressed by mutations in several genes that encode extracellular matrix components. We propose that mup-1 may encode a cell surface/extracellular matrix molecule required both for the positioning of body wall muscle attachments in early embryogenesis and the subsequent maintenance of these attachments to the hypodermis until after cuticle synthesis.

An Antisera for the Fluorescent Labeling of Mouse Amelogenesis

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1008-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hyatt-Fischer ◽  
J. Chrispens ◽  
D. O'Keefe ◽  
H.C. Slavkin
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Immunofluorescent Microscopy ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Embryonic mammalian enamel extracellular matrix is immunogenic. Antisera has been produced in New Zealand white rabbits using 5-day-old (postnatal) C57B1/6J mandibular and maxillary incisor and molar tooth organs as immunogens. The expression of secretory amelogenesis in mouse molar tooth organs was studied from the "cap stage" (circa 17-day fetus) to the fifth day of postnatal odontogenesis using indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. The specificity of the antisera for enamel matrix secretion was unequivocal. Secretory amelogenesis was observed in molar tooth organs as early as day-2 postnatal age. These reagents and methods provide a significant strategy in studies of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development.

scholarly journals Surveillance of densoviruses and mesomycetozoans inhabiting grossly normal tissues of three Aotearoa New Zealand asteroid species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0241026
Author(s):  
Ian Hewson ◽  
Mary A. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The North ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Rna And Dna

Asteroid wasting events and mass mortality have occurred for over a century. We currently lack a fundamental understanding of the microbial ecology of asteroid disease, with disease investigations hindered by sparse information about the microorganisms associated with grossly normal specimens. We surveilled viruses and protists associated with grossly normal specimens of three asteroid species (Patiriella regularis, Stichaster australis, Coscinasterias muricata) on the North Island / Te Ika-a-Māui, Aotearoa New Zealand, using metagenomes prepared from virus and ribosome-sized material. We discovered several densovirus-like genome fragments in our RNA and DNA metagenomic libraries. Subsequent survey of their prevalence within populations by quantitative PCR (qPCR) demonstrated their occurrence in only a few (13%) specimens (n = 36). Survey of large and small subunit rRNAs in metagenomes revealed the presence of a mesomycete (most closely matching Ichthyosporea sp.). Survey of large subunit prevalence and load by qPCR revealed that it is widely detectable (80%) and present predominately in body wall tissues across all 3 species of asteroid. Our results raise interesting questions about the roles of these microbiome constituents in host ecology and pathogenesis under changing ocean conditions.

Ultrastructure of Ligament Extracellular Matrix After Chondroitinase ABC Digestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
D. F. Bray ◽  
C. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Chondroitinase Abc ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

The cationic stain ruthenium hexammine trichloride (RHT) has been utilized as a connective tissue stain primarily due to its ability to stabilize and stain anionically-charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). A major drawback of this procedure however is that the increased preservation and visibility of the GAGs obscures other RHT-stained constituents of the “ground substance”. In order to more readily visualize these non-GAG ground substance components ligament tissue was pre-treated with chondroitinase ABC, an enzyme that removes most, if not all of the GAGs present.Segments of the midsubstance of medial collateral ligaments (MCL) of mature New Zealand white rabbits were excised and incubated 1 hat 37°C in chondroitinase ABC (1 U/ml in 0.25M Tris, 0.18M NaCl, 5mM benzamidine HC1, 0. 1. 6-amino-n-caproic acid, pH 8.0) followed by fixation in Na-cacodylate (0.1M, pH 7.4) buffered glutaraldehyde (2.5%) containing RHT (lmg/ml) for 2.5 h. Post-fixation for 1 h in cacodylate-buffered osmium tetroxide (1%) plus RHT (lmg/ml) preceded ethanol dehydration and embedding in Spurr's resin.

Directed regrowth of axons from a misrouted nerve to their correct muscles in the limb of the adult newt

1984 ◽  
Vol 222 (1229) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forearm Flexor

When the forearm flexor nerve (f.f.n.) of the newt forelimb is surgically rerouted to the ventral body wall, regrowth of axons occurs and these axons reinnervate the muscle targets of the f.f.n. This process of nerve regeneration has been studied in detail over a 12 week period by using light and electron microscopy, electrophysiology and nerve fibre tracking after filling with cobalt chloride. The regrowing axons were analysed by electron microscopy and it is shown that they derive from the rerouted nerve at the position at which the f.f.n. leaves its normal ventral limb pathway. Axons in the pathway do not originate from the cut end of the f.f.n. on the ventral body wall. The regrowing axons are identified within the body of the rerouted nerve and they leave the f.f.n. by growing through the perineurium. Schwann cells are invariably associated with the regrowing axons and the pathway through which the growth cones and neurites grow consists predominantly of extracellular matrix fibrils. The stages of maturation of the regenerated f.f.n. including fasiculation of neurites, myelination and reformation of a perineurium are also described. The results of the study are discussed in terms of current ideas as to how specific regeneration of a correct and functional peripheral nervous system is achieved in urodele amphibians.

Extracellular matrix and morphogenesis in cnidarians: a tightly knit relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Gideon Bergheim ◽  
Suat Özbek
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Simple Body ◽  
Matrix Components

Abstract Cnidarians, members of an early-branching metazoan phylum, possess an extracellular matrix (ECM) between their two epithelial cell layers, called the mesoglea. The cnidarian ECM, which is best studied in Hydra, contains matrix components reflective of both interstitial matrix and basement membrane. The identification of core matrisome components in cnidarian genomes has led to the notion that the basic composition of vertebrate ECM is of highly conserved nature and can be traced back to pre-bilaterians. While in vertebrate classes ECM factors have often diverged and acquired specialized functions in the context of organ development, cnidarians with their simple body plan retained direct links between ECM and morphogenesis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation techniques have provided tools for systematically studying cnidarian ECM function in body axis patterning and regeneration.

A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Enopla: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) from New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAY GIBSON ◽  
MALIN STRAND
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Length ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Brain

Vulcanonemertes rangitotoensis gen. et sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) is described and illustrated. Major morphological features of the new taxon include an anteriorly divided body wall longitudinal musculature, no pre-cerebral septum, cephalic glands which reach far back behind the brain, and accessory lateral nerves which extend the full length of the body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document