Genome features of common vetch (Vicia sativa) in natural habitats

AbstractWild plants are often tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses in their natural environments, whereas domesticated plants such as crops frequently lack such resilience. This difference is thought to be due to the high levels of genome heterozygosity in wild plant populations and the low levels of heterozygosity in domesticated crop species. In this study, common vetch (Vicia sativa) was used as a model to examine this hypothesis. The common vetch genome (2n = 14) was estimated as 1.8 Gb in size. Genome sequencing produced a reference assembly that spanned 1.5 Gb, from which 31,146 genes were predicted. Using this sequence as a reference, 24,118 single nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered in 1,243 plants from 12 natural common vetch populations in Japan. Common vetch genomes exhibited high heterozygosity at the population level, with lower levels of heterozygosity observed at specific genome regions. Such patterns of heterozygosity are thought to be essential for adaptation to different environments. These findings suggest that high heterozygosity at the population level would be required for wild plants to survive under natural conditions while allowing important gene loci to be fixed to adapt the conditions. The resources generated in this study will provide insights into de novo domestication of wild plants and agricultural enhancement.HighlightSequence analysis of the common vetch (Vicia sativa) genome and SNP genotyping across natural populations revealed nucleotide diversity levels associated with native population environments.

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Convergent Evolution of the Seed Shattering Trait

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10010068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 68 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Valerio Di Vittori ◽

Tania Gioia ◽

Monica Rodriguez ◽

Elisa Bellucci ◽

Elena Bitocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Phenotypic Evolution ◽

Crop Species ◽

Seed Shattering ◽

Brassicaceae Species ◽

Different Types ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Harvesting Efficiency ◽

The Common

Loss of seed shattering is a key trait in crop domestication, particularly for grain crops. For wild plants, seed shattering is a crucial mechanism to achieve greater fitness, although in the agricultural context, this mechanism reduces harvesting efficiency, especially under dry conditions. Loss of seed shattering was acquired independently in different monocotyledon and dicotyledon crop species by ‘convergent phenotypic evolution’, leading to similar low dehiscent and indehiscent phenotypes. Here, the main aim is to review the current knowledge about seed shattering in crops, in order to highlight the tissue modifications that underlie the convergent phenotypic evolution of reduced shattering in different types of fruit, from the silique of Brassicaceae species, to the pods of legumes and spikes of cereals. Emphasis is given to legumes, with consideration of recent data obtained for the common bean. The current review also discusses to what extent convergent phenotypes arose from parallel changes at the histological and/or molecular levels. For this reason, an overview is included of the main findings relating to the genetic control of seed shattering in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and in other important crops.

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Genome features of common vetch ( Vicia sativa ) in natural habitats

Plant Direct ◽

10.1002/pld3.352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Kenta Shirasawa ◽

Shunichi Kosugi ◽

Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽

Andrea Ghelfi ◽

Koei Okazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Genome Features

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Effects of artificial defoliation on reproductive allocation in the common vetch,Vicia sativa(Fabaceae: Papilionoideae)

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12780.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 83 (7) ◽

pp. 886-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Suzanne Koptur ◽

Claire L. Smith ◽

John. H. Lawton

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Allocation ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

The Common

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Canadian wild plant germplasm of economic significance

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps95-006 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Campbell G. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Native Plant ◽

Crop Species ◽

Generic Level ◽

Large Country ◽

Economic Resource ◽

Economic Significance

Canada is a large country with a great diversity of native plant material. Many of the native genera and species are related to crop plants. A review of different crop groupings revealed that over 30% of native plant material is related to crop species at the generic level. Fruit crops (111 species) and forage and turfgrass (138 species) crops had the highest number of related wild species. Nut crop species had relatively few native representatives (11 species) as did cereal, oilseed and other field crops (18 species). Special and minor acreage crops were represented by 86 species while landscape plants were represented by 137 genera. Forest trees are an important economic resource. Over 70 species of coniferous and deciduous trees are native to Canada. Many species, particularly in the fruit crop grouping, could be identified as world resources (e.g. Amelanchier) with the major part of their distribution occurring on Canadian soil. A concerted effort is needed to identify which species are endangered so that they can be preserved on a long-term basis. More research is needed to identify other long-term conservation goals coupled with crop development programs. Key words: Genetic conservation, Canada, wild plants, biodiversity

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Preemergent Control of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and Black Medic (Medicago lupulina L.)

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-15.3.149 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 149-152

Author(s):

Jeffrey G. Norcini ◽

James H. Aldrich ◽

Frank G. Martin

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Good Control ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Medicago Lupulina ◽

Excellent Control ◽

The Common

Abstract Preemergence applied herbicides, Barricade 65 WDG (prodiamine), Derby 5G (metolachlor + simazine), Pendulum 60 WDG (pendimethalin), Snapshot DF (isoxaben + oryzalin), and Snapshot TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) were evaluated for control of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) in 2.5 liter (0.7 gal) containerized soilless medium. Herbicides were applied at label rates in November 1993 (experiment 1) and 1994 (experiment 2). Common vetch was controlled up to 16 weeks after treatment (WAT) by both Snapshot formulations. Pendulum and Barricade, or Derby provided excellent and good control of vetch for 8 WAT (experiment 1), respectively, but only 4 WAT in experiment 2. Both Snapshot formulations resulted in excellent control of black medic for the entirety of both experiments. Pendulum provided excellent control up to 12 WAT (experiment 2) and good control up to 16 WAT (experiment 1). Further studies should evaluate the turfgrass/landscape herbicide Gallery (isoxaben), the common active ingredient in both Snapshot formulations.

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Human-Mediated Land Use Change Drives Intraspecific Plant Trait Variation

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.592881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Hayley Schroeder ◽

Heather Grab ◽

André Kessler ◽

Katja Poveda

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Habitat Modification ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Future Research ◽

Insect Communities ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Plant Trait

In the Anthropocene, more than three quarters of ice-free land has experienced some form of human-driven habitat modification, with agriculture dominating 40% of the Earth’s surface. This land use change alters the quality, availability, and configuration of habitat resources, affecting the community composition of plants and insects, as well as their interactions with each other. Landscapes dominated by agriculture are known to support a lower abundance and diversity of pollinators and frequently larger populations of key herbivore pests. In turn, insect communities subsidized by agriculture may spill into remaining natural habitats with consequences for wild plants persisting in (semi) natural habitats. Adaptive responses by wild plants may allow them to persist in highly modified landscapes; yet how landscape-mediated variation in insect communities affects wild plant traits related to reproduction and defense remains largely unknown. We synthesize the evidence for plant trait changes across land use gradients and propose potential mechanisms by which landscape-mediated changes in insect communities may be driving these trait changes. Further, we present results from a common garden experiment on three wild Brassica species demonstrating variation in both defensive and reproductive traits along an agricultural land use gradient. Our framework illustrates the potential for plant adaptation under land use change and predicts how defense and reproduction trait expression may shift in low diversity landscapes. We highlight areas of future research into plant population and community effects of land use change.

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De Novo Assembly and Discovery of Genes That Involved in Drought Tolerance in the Common Vetch

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20020328 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 328 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yongqun Zhu ◽

Qiuxu Liu ◽

Wenzhi Xu ◽

Jianhua Zhang ◽

Xie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

De Novo ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Forage Production ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

The Common

The common vetch (Vicia sativa) is often used as feed for livestock because of its high nutritional value. However, drought stress reduces forage production through plant damage. Here, we studied the transcriptional profiles of common vetch exposed to drought in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in this species. The genome of the common vetch has not been sequenced, therefore we used Illumina sequencing to generate de novo transcriptomes. Nearly 500 million clean reads were used to generate 174,636 transcripts, including 122,299 unigenes. In addition, 5313 transcription factors were identified and these transcription factors were classified into 79 different gene families. We also identified 11,181 SSR loci from di- to hexa-nucleotides whose repeat number was greater than five. On the basis of differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology analysis identified many drought-relevant categories, including “oxidation-reduction process”, “lipid metabolic process” and “oxidoreductase activity”. In addition to these, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified pathways, such as “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis” and “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, as differentially expressed in the plants exposed to drought. The expression results in this study will be useful for further extending our knowledge on the drought tolerance of common vetch.

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Resistance to salinity stress and available water levels at the seedling stage of the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3555-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Orak ◽

E. Ateş

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Water Retention ◽

Water Levels ◽

Research Centre ◽

Vicia Sativa ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Available Water ◽

Salinity Water ◽

The Common ◽

Water Treatments

This research was carried out in the Field Crop Department, Tekirda Agriculture Faculty, and Plant Breeding Application and Research Centre, Trakya University, Turkey. The response of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seedlings to salt and available water level tolerance were compared for its water retention capability and the dry matter of shoots, root and shoot weights after 2 h incubation at 30°C and 1 h incubation at 105°C under the conditions of absence, as well as the presence of various levels of salinity and available water. Germination was not affected by the salinity and available water treatments. 1.35 dS/m salinity water treatment resulted in increasing the fresh weights of its shoot (1.179 g) and root (0.580 g), weights after 2 h incubation at 30°C (shoot: 0.0456 and root: 0.0325 g) and 1 h incubation at 105°C (shoot: 0.0104 g and root: 0.0073 g), water retention capability (0.0123 g) and dry matter (0.0236 g) of the shoot in seedlings. The highest fresh weight (root: 0.567 g and shoot: 1.113 g) and water retention capability (0.0112 g) were determined from capacity of the field.

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