Canadian wild plant germplasm of economic significance

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campbell G. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Economic Significance

Canada is a large country with a great diversity of native plant material. Many of the native genera and species are related to crop plants. A review of different crop groupings revealed that over 30% of native plant material is related to crop species at the generic level. Fruit crops (111 species) and forage and turfgrass (138 species) crops had the highest number of related wild species. Nut crop species had relatively few native representatives (11 species) as did cereal, oilseed and other field crops (18 species). Special and minor acreage crops were represented by 86 species while landscape plants were represented by 137 genera. Forest trees are an important economic resource. Over 70 species of coniferous and deciduous trees are native to Canada. Many species, particularly in the fruit crop grouping, could be identified as world resources (e.g. Amelanchier) with the major part of their distribution occurring on Canadian soil. A concerted effort is needed to identify which species are endangered so that they can be preserved on a long-term basis. More research is needed to identify other long-term conservation goals coupled with crop development programs. Key words: Genetic conservation, Canada, wild plants, biodiversity

scholarly journals Genome features of common vetch (Vicia sativa) in natural habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Shirasawa ◽  
Shunichi Kosugi ◽  
Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽  
Andrea Ghelfi ◽  
Koei Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The Common

AbstractWild plants are often tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses in their natural environments, whereas domesticated plants such as crops frequently lack such resilience. This difference is thought to be due to the high levels of genome heterozygosity in wild plant populations and the low levels of heterozygosity in domesticated crop species. In this study, common vetch (Vicia sativa) was used as a model to examine this hypothesis. The common vetch genome (2n = 14) was estimated as 1.8 Gb in size. Genome sequencing produced a reference assembly that spanned 1.5 Gb, from which 31,146 genes were predicted. Using this sequence as a reference, 24,118 single nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered in 1,243 plants from 12 natural common vetch populations in Japan. Common vetch genomes exhibited high heterozygosity at the population level, with lower levels of heterozygosity observed at specific genome regions. Such patterns of heterozygosity are thought to be essential for adaptation to different environments. These findings suggest that high heterozygosity at the population level would be required for wild plants to survive under natural conditions while allowing important gene loci to be fixed to adapt the conditions. The resources generated in this study will provide insights into de novo domestication of wild plants and agricultural enhancement.HighlightSequence analysis of the common vetch (Vicia sativa) genome and SNP genotyping across natural populations revealed nucleotide diversity levels associated with native population environments.

scholarly journals Annotated checklist of the flora of Sverdlovsk Region. Part VII: Dicotyledonous plants (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Mikhail Knyazev ◽  
◽  
Elena Podgaevskaya ◽  
Natalia Zolotareva ◽  
Alyona Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

This article for the first time presents a detailed checklist of the flora of dicotyledonous plants (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) of Sverdlovsk Region, based on the long-term filed research, a critical study of herbarium materials and literature sources. Part VII of the checklist includes 91 species and 6 interspecific hybrids of wild plants. The information on all the species is given on the occurrence in botanical-geographical districts and administrative districts of the region. In the checklist for species bioecological features are indicated (life form according to K. Raunkiaer and I. G. Serebryakov, coenotic groups and ecological groups in relation to moistning), zonal and longitudinal arealogic group, economic significance. As for the alien species, origin, migration thecnique, and level of naturalization achieved in the region are additionally indicated. Species that need protection in the region are noted.

scholarly journals Preserving for the future the — once widespread but now vanishing — knowledge on traditional pig grazing in forests and marshes (Sava-Bosut floodplain, Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
Klára Szabados ◽  
Alen Kiš ◽  
Jelena Marinkov ◽  
László Demeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Erigeron Annuus

Abstract Background Traditional knowledge is key for sustainability, but it is rapidly disappearing. Pig keeping in forests and marshes is an ancient, once widespread, now vanishing practice, with a major economic and ecological potential. The knowledge of pig keepers and the foraging activity of pigs are hardly documented. Methods We studied the knowledge of traditional pig keepers (svinjars) on wild plants and pig foraging on the Sava-Bosut forest-marsh complex in Serbia. We conducted picture-based interviews about 234 locally common and/or salient plant species, and participatory fieldwork (11 days) and visual observation (21 days) on pig foraging. Results 181 wild plant species were known by svinjars and 106 taxa were consumed by pigs. Svinjars knew well and could name most regularly foraged species. 98 species were reported by svinjars as foraged and 56 as not eaten. 28 species were observed by the authors as eaten regularly, while 21 were nibbled and 17 avoided. Contradictory information on foraging was rare both among svinjars (8 species) and between svinjars and researchers (7 species); several of these species were rare. Leaves of 92, fruits or seeds of 21 and ‘roots’ of 20 species were reported or observed as eaten, usually with high seasonality. Svinjars were overall observant, but knew little about some less salient species (e.g. Veronica, Circaea). The most common forages (reported and/or observed) were fruits (Quercus, fleshy fruits), grasses (Agrostis, Glyceria), herbs (Ranunculus ficaria, Circaea), nutritious ‘roots’ (Carex spp., Iris), young shrub leaves (Crataegus, Carpinus) and ‘tame’ plants growing in the sun (Persicaria dubia, Erigeron annuus). Traditional, now extinct pig breeds were reported as less selective and more ‘knowledgeable’ about plants, as they received less additional fodder. Svinjars learnt their knowledge since childhood, from community members, but long-term personal observations and everyday encounters with pigs were also important sources of knowledge. Conclusions A deeper understanding of pig foraging could contribute to using pigs in nature conservation management, resource management and organic farming, and to a better understanding of wild boar foraging. The knowledge of svinjars is a disappearing intangible cultural heritage of European importance. Knowledge holders deserve recognition, and legal and financial support to continue this tradition.

scholarly journals SEED AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT AND SEED COLLECTION OF WILD PLANTS IN SELABINTANA FOREST, MOUNT GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Musyarofah Zuhri ◽  
Dian Latifah ◽  
Siti Roosita Ariati ◽  
Sudrajat Rahdiana ◽  
Emus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
West Java ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Availability ◽  
Availability Assessment

Many botanic gardens have been contributing to the achievement of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) through seed banking of wild species. Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) seed bank as a part of Kew's Millenium Seed Bank Partnership has also been collecting and banking the seeds of Indonesian native plant species. The study aimed to assess seed availability in nature and collect the available seeds in Selabintana Forest, Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, to be stored in the long-term seed storage facility at CBG seed bank. Targeted species for the seed collection were focused on the native trees species with orthodox or approximately-orthodox seeds based on the Seed Information Database (SID) list. Pre-collection assessment and sampling of individuals within a population were using random sampling. Forty seed-producing plant species were reported.  Due  to  the  limitation  number  of seeds in the field (less than 250 seeds), only 33 species were collected. Six species were found with a large quantity of seeds, i.e. Begonia isoptera Dryand. ex Sm., Begonia sp., Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Pinanga javana Blume, Saurauia pendula Blume, and Symplocos sp. Most seeds were collected at 1,100–1,200 m asl, in the forest area, as a tree life form, and majority of the seeds were predicted as desiccation-tolerant (orthodox). Two species, i.e. P. javana and S. cauliflora DC., were listed in IUCN Red List as threatened species. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that high-quality seed collections are needed to ensure the long-term seed conservation.

scholarly journals Shoot Multiplication and Callus Induction of Labisia pumila var. alata as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Regulators Treatments and Its Polyphenolic Activities Compared with the Wild Plant

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3229
Author(s):  
Mat Yunus Najhah ◽  
Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽  
Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets

This study aims to investigate whether the in vitro-cultured L. pumila var. alata has higher antioxidant activity than its wild plant. An 8-week-old L. pumila var. alata nodal segment and leaf explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various cytokinins (zeatin, kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)) for shoot multiplication and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram) for callus induction, respectively. The results showed that 2 mg/L zeatin produced the optimal results for shoot and leaf development, and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest callus induction results (60%). After this, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was combined with 0.25 mg/L cytokinins and supplemented to the MS medium. The optimal results for callus induction (100%) with yellowish to greenish and compact texture were obtained using 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D combined with 0.25 mg/L zeatin. Leaves obtained from in vitro plantlets and wild plants as well as callus were extracted and analyzed for their antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP methods) and polyphenolic properties (total flavonoid and total phenolic content). When compared with leaf extracts of in vitro plantlets and wild plants of L. pumila var. alata, the callus extract displayed significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Hence, callus culture potentially can be adapted for antioxidant and polyphenolic production to satisfy pharmaceutical and nutraceutical needs while conserving wild L. pumila var. alata.

scholarly journals Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Emanuele Gava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

scholarly journals Diversity of wild edible plants traditionally used by the Galo tribe of Indian Eastern Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padma Raj Gajurel ◽  
Tajum Doni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Wild Edible Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Edible Plant

Wild edible plants are found very useful in the fulfilment of food and nutritional requirements. Because of the availibity and cultural preference, the consumption of these plants among the tribes is high. To find out the diversity, utilisation pattern and sociocultural importance of the wild plants, a study was conducted in the state of Arunachal Pradesh selecting the Galo tribe, and accordingly the wild edible plants consumed are documented here. Data were collected through extensive field surveys and interviews with the community in the selected 12 villages in Upper Subansiri and West Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Overall, 125 wild edible plant species under 99 genera and 54 families are reported. These species are consumed mostly as leafy vegetables, fruits, medicine, spices and condiments and as a substitute to food grains. The Urticaceae with ten species is the most utilised family followed by Asteraceae, Moraceae and Lamiaceae with at least five species in each. Herbs with 47 species were found to be the most dominant growth form followed by trees with 44 species. Based on parts used leaves with 66 species were recorded to be the most used plant parts followed by fruits. The highest edibility index of 50 % was reported in Solanum americanum. The analysis of relative frequency of citation revealed that total 78 species exhibits more than 0.50 relative frequency of citation value with highest value in Pouzolzia hirta (0.95). It has been found that the wild plant resources play a vital role in the socio-economic aspects of the Galo tribe.

scholarly journals Diversitas Tumbuhan Liar Pada Lahan Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Bungbungan Kecamatan Bluto Kabupaten Sumenep

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Khoiratul Hasanah ◽  
Ari Hayati ◽  
Hasan Zayadi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Wild plants are plants whose presence on agricultural land can reduce crop yields. Losses due to wild plants to cultivated plants vary depending on the type of plant cultivated, climate, species of wild plants and technical cultivation applied. This study aims to determine the diversity of wild plants in the land of maize (Zea mays L.) in Bung-bungan Village Bluto District Sumenep Regency. This method uses a descriptive exploratory method, for each wild plant found in ± 3600 m2 of corn land. Sampling of wild plants using a 4x4 m plot method. The measured data includes the number of species and the number of individuals calculating important values ​​and diversity indices. The results of the study showed that the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index analysis of the highest value in maize plants in plantations was found in land II, which was 2.678 indicating moderate diversity, categorized as moderate because there were not too many wild plants on maize.  Keywords: Corn, diversity, wild plants,  ABSTRAK Tumbuhan liar merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya pada lahan pertanian dapat menurunkan hasil tanaman. Kerugian akibat tumbuhan  liar terhadap tanaman budidaya beragam bergantung dari jenis tanaman yang diusahakan, iklim, jenis tumbuhan  liar dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui diversitas tumbuhan liar di lahan jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Bung-bungan Kecamatan Bluto Kabupaten Sumenep. Metode ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif, terhadap setiap tumbuhan liar yang ditemukan pada lahan jagung seluas ±3600 m2. Pengambilan sampel tumbuhan liar menggunakan metode plot berukuran 4x4 m. Data yang diukur meliputi jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu menghitung nilai penting dan indeks diversitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner tumbuhan liar nilai tertinggi pada tanaman jagung di lkebun terdapat pada lahan II yaitu 2,678 menunjukkan keanekaragaman sedang, di kategorikan sedang karena jenis tanaman liar yang ada pada lahan jagung tidak terlalu banyak. Kata kunci: Jagung, Diversitas, Tanaman liar

scholarly journals Does salinity affect lifestyle switching in the plant pathogen Fusarium solani?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Eydoux ◽  
Emily C. Farrer
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
A Minor

Symbiotic microbes that live within plant hosts can exhibit a range in function from mutualistic to pathogenic, but the reason for this lifestyle switching remains largely unknown. Here we tested whether environmental stress, specifically salinity, is a factor that can trigger lifestyle switching in a fungus mainly known as a pathogen, Fusarium solani. F. solani was isolated from roots of Phragmites australis (common reed) in saline coastal marshes of Louisiana, USA, and we used Oryza sativa (rice) as a model organism from wetland environments to test the symbiont lifestyle. We plated rice seeds on control plates or plates with F. solani at three levels of salinity (0, 8 and 16 p.p.t.), then assessed germination and seedling growth after 20 days. Salinity strongly reduced percentage germination, slowed the timing of germination and reduced growth of rice. F. solani slowed germination, and it also caused a minor increase in root growth at medium salinity and a minor decrease in root growth at high salinity. Overall, despite being a common pathogen in other crop species (peas, beans, potatoes and many types of cucurbits), we found little evidence that F. solani has a strong pathogenic lifestyle in rice and we found weak evidence that pathogenicity may increase slightly with elevated salinity. These results have implications for both crops and native plant health in the future as soil salinization increases worldwide.

scholarly journals Methodological Guidelines for Accurate Detection of Viruses in Wild Plant Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Lacroix ◽  
Kurra Renner ◽  
Ellen Cole ◽  
Eric W. Seabloom ◽  
Elizabeth T. Borer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Wild Hosts

ABSTRACTEcological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in assessing microbial dynamics is increasing exponentially, but guidelines for detection of microorganisms in wild plants remain limited, particularly so for plant viruses. To address this gap, we explored issues and solutions associated with virus detection by serological and molecular methods in noncrop plant species as applied to the globally importantBarley yellow dwarf virusPAV (Luteoviridae), which infects wild native plants as well as crops. With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we demonstrate how virus detection in a perennial wild plant species may be much greater in stems than in leaves, although leaves are most commonly sampled, and may also vary among tillers within an individual, thereby highlighting the importance of designing effective sampling strategies. With reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), we demonstrate how inhibitors in tissues of perennial wild hosts can suppress virus detection but can be overcome with methods and products that improve isolation and amplification of nucleic acids. These examples demonstrate the paramount importance of testing and validating survey designs and virus detection methods for noncrop plant communities to ensure accurate ecological surveys and reliable assumptions about virus dynamics in wild hosts.

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