scholarly journals Impact of school-based malaria screening and treatment on P. falciparum infection and anemia prevalence in two transmission settings in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Cohee ◽  
Ingrid Peterson ◽  
Jenna E Coalson ◽  
Clarissa Valim ◽  
Moses Chilombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

Background: In areas highly endemic for malaria, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection prevalence peaks in school-age children, adversely affecting their health and education. School-based intermittent preventive treatment reduces this burden, however concerns about cost and widespread use of antimalarial drugs have limited enthusiasm for this approach. School-based screening-and-treatment is an attractive alternative. We conducted a school-based cohort study to evaluate the impact of screening-and-treatment on the prevalence of Pf infection and anemia in two different transmission settings. Methods: We screened 704 students in four Malawian primary schools for Pf infection using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Those testing positive were treated with artemether-lumefantrine. Outcomes were Pf infections detected by microscopy or PCR and anemia after six weeks. Results: Prevalence of infection by RDT at screening was 37% (range among schools 9-64%). We detected a significant reduction after six weeks in infections by microscopy (adjusted relative reduction (aRR) 47.1%, p<0.0001) and PCR (aRR 23.1%, p<0.0001), but no reduction in anemia. In low, seasonal prevalence areas, sub-patent infections at screening led to persistent infection, but not disease, during follow-up. In high transmission settings, new infections frequently occurred within six weeks after treatment. Conclusions: School-based screening-and-treatment reduced Pf infection but not anemia. This approach could be enhanced in low transmission settings by using more sensitive screening tests and in high transmission settings by repeating the intervention or using longer acting drugs.

Changing pedagogical practice in Kenyan primary schools: the impact of school‐based training

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Hardman ◽  
Jan Abd‐Kadir ◽  
Catherine Agg ◽  
James Migwi ◽  
Jacinta Ndambuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

Effects of school-based before-school physical activity programmes on children’s physical activity levels, health and learning-related outcomes: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104470
Author(s):  
James Woodforde ◽  
Tahlia Alsop ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Sjaan Gomersall ◽  
Michalis Stylianou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
School Based ◽  
Before School ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo review and evaluate the impact of school-based, before-school physical activity (PA) programmes on children’s PA levels, health and learning-related outcomes.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase and ERIC were searched in January 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies(1) Original research published in English, (2) sample included typically developing school-age children and/or adolescents, (3) examined school-based PA programmes delivered before school, (4) included a comparator and (5) reported associations with PA, physical health, learning-related and/or psychosocial outcomes. Studies examining before-school active transport or sport were excluded.ResultsThirteen articles representing 10 studies were included (published 2012–2020); seven conducted in primary schools. Programmes ranged between 3 weeks and 6 months, primarily operating daily and for 25–40 min. One study examined a programme informed by theory; six incorporated fidelity measures. Data synthesis, considering consistency of findings, showed indeterminate associations for the domains of physical health, learning-related and psychosocial outcomes. Among subdomains, synthesis showed positive associations with before-school and daily PA, cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, readiness to learn and an inverse association with adiposity. Risk of bias was high/serious or insufficiently detailed across studies and outcome domains, except PA, which included moderate-risk studies.ConclusionThere is limited available evidence on school-based, before-school PA programmes, with some positive associations at domain and subdomain levels. Continued research is justified to understand the role of before-school programmes for facilitating PA. Future research should follow recommended practice for intervention design and process evaluation, and address under-represented contexts, including secondary schools.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020181108.

Language and Literature Division, Faculty of Education, Hong Kong University

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
XIE Qin ◽  
Stephen Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Full Time ◽  
School Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The Impact

The Language and Literature Division (LLD) is the largest of the six divisions of the Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong (HKU). It is currently home to 34 academic staff, who specialize either in the fields of Chinese Language, English Language and/or Literature Education, and to 60 full-time and 28 part-time doctoral students, who are researching a wide range of topics including subjects as diverse as corpus-aided language learning, task-based language teaching in primary schools, the English writing of Chinese undergraduates, and the impact of school-based assessment. Staff are very active in conducting their own research, much of which is rooted in classrooms and focuses on issues that directly concern the teaching and learning of languages, such as reading literacy, school-based assessment and assessment for learning in English Language, the teaching of Chinese characters, and good practices in English Language Teaching in Hong Kong secondary schools (see http://good-practices.edb.hkedcity.net/). Colleagues in the English Language area have played important roles in the HKU Strategic Research Theme ‘Language in education and assessment’. This initiative brought together staff from a range of disciplines in various forms of language-related research collaboration, culminating in two large and highly successful international conferences in June 2008: one focusing on language awareness and the other on language issues in English-medium universities (see http://www.hku.hk/clear/).

scholarly journals HOW IMPORTANT IS A SCHOOL? EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF REMOTENESS FROM A SCHOOL ON CANADIAN COMMUNITIES’ ATTRACTION AND RETENTION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Karen Foster ◽  
Ray Bollman ◽  
Hannah Main
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Based ◽  
Attraction And Retention ◽  
The Impact

Many Canadian communities, especially rural communities, are concerned about youth outmigration as a cause of population decline, which is associated with fewer services and amenities. Proponents of keeping underattended schools open argue that removing a school from the community means that fewer families will want to live there, and that more families will consider leaving. Others view school closures as a rational response to population decline. Still other perspectives complicate the correlation between schools and population, noting phenomena such as children “learning to leave” and “place attachment” that modulate the temptation to move away. This paper offers an empirical test of discursive connections between school closures and mobilities by studying the population change of school-age children in Canadian census subdivisions indexed by distance to the nearest school. Based on this method, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between the school-age population in a community and proximity to a school in that community. Although our data do not answer the question of whether school closures cause population decline, or such a decline causes school closures, or both, we provide a quantitative foundation on which to ask it.

Estimating future smoking in Danish youth – effects of three prevention strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482094267
Author(s):  
Caroline Klint Johannesen ◽  
Susan Andersen ◽  
Lotus Sofie Bast
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
School Based ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Free Generation ◽  
Tiered Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Old Females

Aims: Preventing smoking and aiding cessation among youth and young adults carries the possibility of reducing future smoking prevalence significantly. This paper estimates the impact on future smoking prevalence of 25 year olds by increasing tobacco prices, securing indoor smoke-free homes and implementing school-based multi-tiered interventions. Methods: Utilizing a multi-state Markov model, a status quo projection of the smoking prevalence from years 2017 to 2030 were compared with projections of the smoking prevalence in 2030 considering the impact of the three prevention strategies. Results: In a status quo projection, 27.0% of Danish 25-year-old females are expected to be smokers in 2030, while 13.2% would be smokers in 2030 were all three prevention strategies in effect from 2019. By itself, increasing tobacco prices by 50% reduced the prevalence of smokers among 25-year-old females to 14.8% in 2030, a relative reduction of 47.5%. For 25-year-old males in 2030 the reductions were similar, with a prevalence of 16.6% when all three prevention strategies were in effect, a relative reduction of 51.5%. Conclusions: Implementing increasing tobacco prices, indoor smoke-free homes and school-based multi-tiered interventions in Denmark is likely to significantly decrease youth smoking prevalence in the future. However, these three strategies will not produce a smoke-free generation without other initiatives.

A Comparison of Visual- and Movement-Based Grammar Interventions for School-Age Children With Language Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096
Author(s):  
Alisha P. Springle ◽  
Peggy P. Hester
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
School Age ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
School Based ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Shape Coding ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The impact of visual- and movement-specific intervention techniques for developing grammatical morphemes in the spoken language of two 6-year-old female children with language impairment was measured. Method An adapted alternating treatment single-subject study examined the grammar outcomes from the use of Shape Coding (i.e., using shapes, colors, and arrows to teach grammatical rules; Ebbels, van der Lely, & Dockrell, 2007 ) and an equivalent researcher-designed kinesthetic-/movement-based set of cues. Results Interventions were successfully provided by novice clinicians with limited training. Results indicated improvement across both students and were differentiated between students and intervention techniques. Conclusion These positive findings support the use of Shape Coding and movement-based interventions targeting language improvement. School-based clinicians should consider multiple modalities for therapeutic instruction with children with language impairment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9454127

scholarly journals Impact of a Pilot School-Based Nutrition Intervention on Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior and Nutritional Status of Syrian Refugee Children in the Bekaa, Lebanon

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa El Harake ◽  
Samer Kharroubi ◽  
Shadi Hamadeh ◽  
Lamis Jomaa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of a 6-month school nutrition intervention on changes in dietary knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAB) and nutritional status of Syrian refugee children. A quasi-experimental design was followed; Syrian refuge children in grades 4 to 6 were recruited from three informal primary schools (two intervention and one control) located in the rural Bekaa region of Lebanon. The intervention consisted of two main components: classroom-based education sessions and provision of locally-prepared healthy snacks. Data on household socio-demographic characteristics, KAB, anthropometric measures and dietary intake of children were collected by trained field workers at baseline and post-intervention. Of the 296 school children enrolled, 203 (68.6%) completed post-intervention measures. Significant increases in dietary knowledge (β = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.89), attitude (β = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.30), and body mass index-for-age-z-scores (β = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41) were observed among intervention vs. control groups, adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). Compared to the control, the intervention group had, on average, significantly larger increases in daily intakes of total energy, dietary fiber, protein, saturated fat, and several key micronutrients, p < 0.05. Findings suggest a positive impact of this school-based nutrition intervention on dietary knowledge, attitude, and nutritional status of Syrian refugee children. Further studies are needed to test the feasibility and long-term impact of scaling-up such interventions.

scholarly journals A cluster-randomised controlled trial comparing school and community-based deworming for soil transmitted helminth control in school-age children: the CoDe-STH trial protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Clarke ◽  
Dinh Ng-Nguyen ◽  
Rebecca J. Traub ◽  
Archie C. A. Clements ◽  
Kate Halton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Current guidelines and targets for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control focus on school-based deworming for school-age children, given the high risk of associated morbidity in this age group. However, expanding deworming to all age groups may achieve improved STH control among both the community in general and school-age children, by reducing their risk of reinfection. This trial aims to compare school-based targeted deworming with community-wide mass deworming in terms of impact on STH infections among school-age children. Methods The CoDe-STH (Community Deworming against STH) trial is a cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 64 primary schools in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. The control arm will receive one round of school-based targeted deworming with albendazole, while in the intervention arm, community-wide mass deworming with albendazole will be implemented alongside school-based deworming. Prevalence of STH infections will be measured in school-age children at baseline and 12 months following deworming. The primary outcome is hookworm prevalence in school-age children at 12 months, by quantitative PCR. Analysis will be intention-to-treat, with outcomes compared between study arms using generalised linear and non-linear mixed models. Additionally, cost-effectiveness of mass and targeted deworming will be calculated and compared, and focus group discussions and interviews will be used to assess acceptability and feasibility of deworming approaches. Individual based stochastic models will be used to predict the impact of mass and targeted deworming strategies beyond the RCT timeframe to assess the likelihood of parasite population ‘bounce-back’ if deworming is ceased due to low STH prevalence. Discussion The first large-scale trial comparing mass and targeted deworming for STH control in South East Asia will provide key information for policy makers regarding the optimal design of STH control programs. Trial registration ACTRN12619000309189.

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