scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factor of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Sheep and Goats of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuel Yizengaw ◽  
Wassie Molla ◽  
Wudu Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Country Level

AbstractBackgroundPeste des petits ruminant (PPR) is the most common prevalent viral disease of sheep and goats that impacts productivity and international animal trade in the world and also in Ethiopia. Despite the huge economic consequences related to PPR, little is known about the sero-prevalence of this disease at the country levels. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate a single-group summary for sero-prevalence of PPR disease in small ruminants of Ethiopia and assess the potential risk factor to contribute the sero-prevalence estimate.MethodologyArticle on PPR in sheep and goats were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists and African online source of articles that had been conducted between 1994 to 2020 and using inclusion and exclusion criteria with restricted to those studies published in English language.ResultsA total of 13 published papers containing 46 district level studies were included for analyses. The single-group summary of PPR disease sero-prevalence in small ruminant was estimated to be 27.71% (95 % CI: 21.46 - 33.96). Overall, the estimated pooled sero-prevalence at country level in sheep was 33.56% (95% CI: 18.72–48.41) and in goats 25.14% (95% CI: 15.68–34.59). Significant heterogeneity (I2 > 80%) was noted in all pooled estimates. The visual inspection of the funnel plot demonstrated the presence of possible publication bias which could be associated with the small number of studies and longtime interval.ConclusionsThis quantitative review showed that the pooled sero-prevalence to be high and regional prevalence estimates of PPR presented here will be useful in raising awareness and advocating the Governments to engage in initiatives PPR control and prevention.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

Adverse effects of ADT on cognitive function and dementia for men with prostate cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 150-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Sun ◽  
Alexander Cole ◽  
Nawar Hanna ◽  
Adam S. Kibel ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

150 Background: Nearly 50% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer may receive treatment with some form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While some side effects of ADT are well acknowledged, the specific impact of ADT on cognitive function is uncertain. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the impact of ADT on overall cognitive decline, and the risks of Alzheimers, Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through search of English language articles indexed in PubMed Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge/Science. First, we assessed rates of cognitive decline in five cohorts from three studies. Second, we assessed rates of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson disease using three large retrospective studies. A pooled-analysis was conducted using a meta-analysis. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan and a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. The heterogeneity test was measured using the Q-Mantel-Haenszel ( P< 0.10 was considered of significant heterogeneity). Results: With respect to overall cognitive decline (defined as scoring 1.5 standard deviations [SD] in two or more objective cognitive tests), patients receiving ADT had higher odds of overall cognitive decline than patients with prostate cancer not treated with ADT or health controls (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.42–2.90). Furthermore, men with a history of ADT for prostate cancer had higher odds of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson dementia compared to men with prostate cancer not treated with ADT (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.27–1.37). Conclusions: Men receiving ADT for prostate cancer performed significantly worse on measures of overall cognitive function. Additionally, results from the three large observational trials included suggest men exposed to ADT for prostate cancer have higher rates of Parkinson/Alzheimer’s compared to men without ADT.

scholarly journals The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Saeed Bahadory ◽  
Ehsan Javanmard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Microsporidia is a zoonotic pathogen with health consequences in immunocompromised patients. Small ruminants are a potential reservoir of microsporidia for humans in their vicinity. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of microsporidian infections with emphasis on Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes among sheep and goats at a global scale through systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods The standard protocol of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eligible prevalence studies on small ruminant microsporidiosis, published from 1 January 2000 until 15 April 2021 were gathered using systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. The variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by I2 index. Results In total, 25 articles (including 34 datasets) were included for final meta-analysis. The pooled molecular prevalence of microsporidia in sheep and goats was estimated to be 17.4% (95% CI: 11.8–25%) and 16% (95% CI: 11.2–22.4%), respectively. Likewise, the overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was estimated to be 17.4% (95% CI: 11.8–25%) for sheep and 16.3% (95% CI: 11.3–22.8%) for goats. According to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene analysis, E. bieneusi with genotypes BEB6 (15 studies) and COS-1 (nine studies) in sheep, and CHG3 (six studies) and BEB6 (five studies) in goats were the highest reported genotypes. Conclusion The present results highlight the role of sheep and goats as reservoir hosts for human-infecting microsporidia. Therefore, this global estimate could be beneficial on preventive and control measures.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A. Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Minimal Bias

Purpose We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of the effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (i.e., dyslexic) readers. Method We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860–2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860–2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883–2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English language articles, and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic—either by reading assessment at the time or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Eight studies were included in this review and meta-analysis ( n = 422 participants). Results The overall effect was negative, moderate, and statistically significant; g = −0.70, 95% confidence interval [−1.10, −0.29]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus nondyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger's test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (7) = 17.03, prediction interval [−1.79, 0.40]. Conclusions Of the included studies, we find evidence for a moderate perceptual anchoring deficit in individuals with dyslexia. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia.

scholarly journals Left-Sided Atrial Septal Pouch as a Risk Factor of Cryptogenic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz K. Hołda ◽  
Mateusz Koziej
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background: Despite some evidence of left-sided septal pouch (LSSP) involvement in the pathogenesis of cardioembolic stroke, the question of LSSP clinical significance still remains unsolved. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between the LSSP presence and cryptogenic stroke using meta-analytical approach. Methods: We performed a systematic review of electronic databases for studies that compared the presence of LSSP in subjects with cryptogenic stroke and non-stroke control. Data were extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis. Results: Seven studies (400 cryptogenic stroke patients and 1,456 non-stroke controls) were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 138 LSSPs were identified among the cryptogenic stroke patients, with a pooled prevalence of 29.8% (95% CI 17.5–43.7%), and 268 LSSPs were identified in the non-stroke controls, with a pooled prevalence of 21.0% (95% CI 13.7–29.5%). After meta-analysis, the risk of cryptogenic stroke was higher in patients with an LSSP than in patients without LSSP (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15–2.00; p < 0.001). No significant heterogeneity was detected across the included studies (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated association between LSSP and cryptogenic stroke. In our univariate analysis, the risk of cryptogenic stroke is higher among patients with LSSP than in cases without the LSSP.

A Systematic Review on Natural Medicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Meta-Analyses of Intervention Effect of Ginkgo

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yang ◽  
Dan Dan Xu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xinyou Liu ◽  
Robin Hoeven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Natural Medicines

We performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of natural medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Disease-specific and intervention terms were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to identify RCTs for the AD intervention of natural medicines, and searched for literatures in English language. The RCTs compared natural medicines and either placebo or orthodox medication in AD patients. The quality of literature was evaluated by Jadad's score and the Cochrane assessing tool to reduce the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and the heterogeneity of results across the trials were performed. Out of the literatures, 21 clinical reports were included in this review that satisfied the particular selection criteria. Apart from Ginkgo, other treatments we came across had minimal benefits and/or the methodological quality of the available trials was poor. The meta-analyses showed that Ginkgo had better outcomes than the placebo, with the standardized mean difference (SMD) between Ginkgo and the placebo on cognition being -1.62 (95% CI: -2.69 to -0.56) and on activities of daily living being -1.55 (95% CI: -2.55 to -0.55), with the existence of significant heterogeneity across studies. The meta-analysis for assessing the prevention effect of Ginkgo against AD suggested that risk ratio (RR) is 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.22) between Gingko and the placebo, with no significant heterogeneity across studies (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.49). Our results suggest that Ginkgo may help established AD patients with cognitive symptoms but cannot prevent the neurodegenerative progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of delirium after percutaneous coronary intervention in individuals hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e044564
Author(s):  
Kaizhuang Huang ◽  
Jiaying Lu ◽  
Yaoli Zhu ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Dahao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

IntroductionDelirium in the postoperative period is a wide-reaching problem that affects important clinical outcomes. The incidence and risk factors of delirium in individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been completely determined and no relevant systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence or risk factors exists. Hence, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the incidence and risk factors of delirium among AMI patients undergoing PCI.Methods and analysesWe will undertake a comprehensive literature search among PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Google Scholar from their inception to the search date. Prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies that described the incidence or at least one risk factor of delirium will be eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome will be the incidence of postoperative delirium. The quality of included studies will be assessed using a risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and the Cochrane guidelines. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed. Incidence and risk factors associated with delirium will be extracted. Incidence data will be pooled. Each risk factor reported in the included studies will be recorded together with its statistical significance; narrative and meta-analytical approaches will be employed. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is based on published data, and thus there is no requirement for ethics approval. The study will provide an up to date and accurate incidence and risk factors of delirium after PCI among patients with AMI, which is necessary for future research in this area. The findings of this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184388.

scholarly journals Is smoking an independent risk factor for developing cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gera Nagelhout ◽  
Renée Mf Ebisch ◽  
Olga Van Der Hel ◽  
Gert-Jan Meerkerk ◽  
Tessa Magnée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis
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