scholarly journals Pheromone Receptors Help Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Avoid Competition in Rice Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Cheng ◽  
Yongle Zhang ◽  
Yongjun Du
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
Sesamia Inferens ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Rice Stalks

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guene'e) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important insect pests that attack the rice crop, Oryza sativa L., in China, feeding on rice leaves. Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia inferens are two common insects living within the same ecological system that feed on rice stalks. Their behavior could affect C. medinalis's choice of oviposition place, so we tested the electroantennogram (EAG) response of C. medinalis to a conspecific sex pheromone (Z11-18:OH; Z11-18:Ald; Z13-18:OH; Z13-18:Ald) and two other insects' pheromone compounds (Z9-16:Ald; Z11-16Ald; Z11-16:OH;Z11-16:Ac and 16:Ald). The results indicate C. medinalis can detect those pheromones and is sensitive to Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald. In the heterologous expression system of Xenopus oocytes, we cloned three pheromone receptor genes, CmedPR1, CmedPR2, and CmedPR3. These had the same electroantennogram response, in addition to the response to the conspecific pheromone. CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 displayed strong sensitivity to Z11-16Ald and Z9-16:Ald. These results may contribute to clarifying how C. medinalis recognizes pheromones and interspecies communication.

scholarly journals Xenopus oocytes as a heterologous expression system for analysis of tight junction proteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 5312-5319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Vitzthum ◽  
Laura Stein ◽  
Nora Brunner ◽  
Ria Knittel ◽  
Petra Fallier‐Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
Junction Proteins

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Caenorhabditis elegansPlexinA, PLX-1, interacts with transmembrane semaphorins and regulates epidermal morphogenesis

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 2053-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Fumi Nakao ◽  
Yukimasa Shibata ◽  
Go Shioi ◽  
Eiji Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Epidermal Morphogenesis ◽  
Null Mutants

The plexin family transmembrane proteins are putative receptors for semaphorins, which are implicated in the morphogenesis of animal embryos, including axonal guidance. We have generated and characterized putative null mutants of the C. elegans plexinA gene, plx-1. plx-1 mutants exhibited morphological defects: displacement of ray 1 and discontinuous alae. The epidermal precursors for the affected organs were aberrantly arranged in the mutants, and a plx-1::gfp transgene was expressed in these epidermal precursor cells as they underwent dynamic morphological changes. Suppression of C. elegans transmembrane semaphorins, Ce-Sema-1a and Ce-Sema-1b, by RNA interference caused a displacement of ray 1 similar to that of plx-1 mutants, whereas mutants for the Ce-Sema-2a/mab-20 gene, which encodes a secreted-type semaphorin, exhibited phenotypes distinct from those of plx-1 mutants. A heterologous expression system showed that Ce-Sema-1a, but not Ce-Sema-2a, physically bound to PLX-1. Our results indicate that PLX-1 functions as a receptor for transmembrane-type semaphorins, and, though Ce-Sema-2a and PLX-1 both play roles in the regulation of cellular morphology during epidermal morphogenesis, they function rather independently.

scholarly journals Characterization of Leader Processing Shows That Partially Processed Mersacidin Is Activated by AprE After Export

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob H. Viel ◽  
Amanda Y. van Tilburg ◽  
Oscar P. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Precursor Peptide ◽  
Potential Applications

The ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide mersacidin is a class II lanthipeptide with good activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The intramolecular lanthionine rings, that give mersacidin its stability and antimicrobial activity, are specific structures with potential applications in synthetic biology. To add the mersacidin modification enzymes to the synthetic biology toolbox, a heterologous expression system for mersacidin in Escherichia coli has recently been developed. While this system was able to produce fully modified mersacidin precursor peptide that could be activated by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supernatant and showed that mersacidin was activated in an additional proteolytic step after transportation out of the cell, it lacked a mechanism for clean and straightforward leader processing. Here, the protease responsible for activating mersacidin was identified and heterologously produced in E. coli, improving the previously reported heterologous expression system. By screening multiple proteases, the stringency of proteolytic activity directly next to a very small lanthionine ring is demonstrated, and the full two-step proteolytic activation of mersacidin was elucidated. Additionally, the effect of partial leader processing on diffusion and antimicrobial activity is assessed, shedding light on the function of two-step leader processing.

scholarly journals Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Andi Nurdaaniyah ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
I Wayan Winasa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Rice Plants

<p>Brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål)) is one of the major rice insect pests that is known to cause high loss of rice production. One of the strategies to control this pest is by using resistant rice varieties. The aim of this research was to study the resistance of IPB 3S variety to BPH by measuring BPH fecundity, sex ratio, feeding activity as well as population increase compared to Ciherang variety against brown planthopper (<em>N. lugens</em>). Fecundity test used a pair of BPH adult infested on 21 days after planting (DAP) of rice plants. Eggs laid in rice stalks and the rest of eggs in the ovary were counted. In order to know the change of sex ratio, a pair of BPH adults was infested on 30 DAP rice plants and allowed to lay eggs. The calculation of sex ratio was conducted at adult stage of BPH by segregation between male and female adults. Feeding activity of BPH was evaluated using ninhydrin and analyzed qualitatively using spectrophotometer. Ten fourth instar nymphs of BPH was infested on 30 DAP old of rice seedlings. Honeydew secreted by BPH was collected to filter paper sprayed with ninhydrin. Population increased test was conducted by infesting five pairs of BPH adults on 35 DAP old rice plants. Observations was conducted on nymph and adult stages. Each test was replicated 10 times. In general, IPB 3S is slightly resistant to BPH, compared to Ciherang variety. The feeding activity of BPH is higher in Ciherang compared to IPB3S. However, the fecundity and population increased of BPH in Ciherang is similar to IPB3S.</p>

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