scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Colombo Municipality Region, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Dinuka Guruge ◽  
Inoka Sepali Abyrathna ◽  
Saubhagya Danasekara ◽  
Banuri Gunasekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
High Level

Background: As the Municipality Council area in Colombo (CMC) experienced the highest number of cases until the end of January 2021, in Sri Lanka, we carried out a serosurvey prior to initiation of the vaccination program to understand the extent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.Methods: SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined in 2,547 individuals between the ages of 10–86 years, by the Wantai total antibody ELISA. We also compared seroprevalence using the haemagglutination test (HAT) to evaluate its usefulness in carrying out serosurveys.Results: The overall seropositivity rate was 24.46%, while seropositivity by HAT was 18.90%. Although The SARS-CoV-2 infection detection rates by PCR were highest in the population between the ages of 20–60 years of age, there was no statistically significant difference in the seropositivity rates in different age groups. For instance, although the seropositivity rate was highest in the 10–20 age group (34.03%), the PCR positivity rate was 9.80%. Differences in the PCR positivity rates and seropositivity rates were also seen in 60–70-year-olds (8.90 vs. 30.4%) and in individuals >70 years (4.10 vs. 1.20%). The seropositivity rate of the females was 29.70% (290/976), which was significantly higher (p < 0.002) than in males 21.2% (333/1,571).Conclusions: A high seroprevalence rate (24.5%) was seen in all age groups in the CMC suggesting that a high level of transmission was seen during this time. The higher PCR positivity rates between the ages of 20–60 are likely to be due to increased testing carried out in the working population. Therefore, the PCR positivity rates, appear to underestimate the true extent of the outbreak and the age groups which were infected.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Colombo Municipality region, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Dinuka Guruge ◽  
Inoka S Aberathna ◽  
Saubhagya Danasekara ◽  
Banuri Gunasekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
High Level

Background As the Municipality Council area in Colombo (CMC) experienced the highest number of cases until end of January 2021, in Sri Lanka, we carried out a serosurvey prior to initiation of the vaccination program to understand the extent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Methods SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined in 2547 individuals between the ages of 10 to 86 years, by the Wantai total antibody ELISA. We also compared to seroprevalence using the haemagglutination test (HAT) to evaluate its usefulness in carrying out serosurveys. Results The overall seropositivity rate was 24.46%, while seropositivity by HAT was 18.9%. Although the SARS-CoV-2 infection detection rates by PCR were highest in the population between the ages of 20 to 60 years of age, the seropositivity rates were equal among all age groups. The seropositivity rate was highest in the 10 to 20 age group (34.03%), whereas the PCR positivity rates was 9.8%. Differences in the PCR positivity rates and seropositivity rates were also seen in 60- to 70-year-olds (8.9% vs 30.4%) and in individuals >70 year (4.1% vs 1.2%). The seropositivity rates of the females was 29.7% (290/976), which was significantly higher (p<0.002) than in males 21.2% (333/1571). Conclusions A high seroprevalence rate (24.5%) was seen in all age groups in the CMC suggesting that a high level of transmission was seen during this area. The PCR positivity rates, appear to underestimate the true extent of the outbreak and the age groups which were infected.

Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sviben ◽  
T.V. Čavlek ◽  
E.M. Missoni ◽  
G.M. Galinović
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Asymptomatic Children

AbstractA total of 142 serum specimens from Croatian children aged 3–18 years, with peripheral eosinophilia and without any clinical symptoms, were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method. The overall T. canis seropositivity rate in the samples tested was 31%. There was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence rate between boys (32.1%) and girls (29.7%, χ2 = 0.092, P = 0.761). The T. canis seropositivity varied significantly between age groups both in boys (Fisher's test P < 0.001) and girls (Fisher's test P = 0.007). The highest seroprevalence rate was found in boys aged 11–14 (42.9%) and girls aged 7–10 (44.2%). Our results showed a high seroprevalence rate of T. canis infection among children with eosinophilia. It is important that testing for toxocariasis should be included in a differential diagnosis of eosinophilia, especially in children.

scholarly journals High Level of Emotional Intelligence is Related to High Level of Online Teaching Self-Efficacy among Academic Nurse Educators

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagia Ali ◽  
Omar Ali ◽  
James Jones
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Academic Nurse Educators ◽  
High Level

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and online teaching self-efficacy among 115 academic nurse educators who teach online (totally, blended, or both). The sample was randomly drawn from the list of nursing schools accredited by Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) with baccalaureate, master’s and/or doctoral programs. The hypothesis tested states “Academic nurse educators who teach online and who report higher levels of EI would also report greater online teaching self-efficacy.” Results showed a significant moderate relationship (r=0.446, p< .01) between EI and online teaching self-efficacy. The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.199, which indicates that about 20% of the variation in online teaching self-efficacy can be explained by EI contribution. The hypothesis was supported. Results also indicated that online teaching self-efficacy was positively related to duration of being an academic nurse educator (r = 0.212, p<0.05) and duration of teaching online (r = 0.203, p< 0.05). Further, there was no significant difference between the different age groups regarding EI and online teaching self-efficacy. Similarly, there was no significant difference among university degrees attained of participants regarding EI and online teaching self-efficacy. The Implications for enhancing EI and online teaching self-efficacy are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Behaviour Among the Urban Poor of Panjtirthi Slum, Jammu, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Khan ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Piyush Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gender Groups

The present study is an attempt to evaluate environmental awareness and attitude among the slum dwellers. Results based upon dwellers responses to various questions on environmental issues revealed that majority of the respondents (76.19%) had score indicating high level of basic environmental awareness. Among the gender groups, significant difference between the basic environmental awareness level among male and female respondents was observed but no significant difference was shown among different educational and age groups. Similarly, majority of respondents showed a high level (86.81%) of environmental attitude.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Neutralizing Antibody Response after the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Wave in Croatia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
Ljubo Barbic ◽  
Krunoslav Capak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Binding Antibody ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus with a pandemic spread. So far, a total of 358,581 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 8152 deaths were reported in Croatia. We analyzed the seroprevalence and neutralizing (NT) antibody response in the Croatian general population after the first (May–July 2020) and second (December 2020–February 2021) pandemic wave. Initial serological testing was performed using a commercial ELISA, with confirmation of reactive samples by a virus neutralization test (VNT). A significant difference in the overall seroprevalence rate was found after the first (ELISA 2.2%, VNT 0.2%) and second waves (ELISA 25.1%, VNT 18.7%). Seropositive individuals were detected in all age groups, with significant differences according to age. The lowest prevalence of NT antibodies was documented in the youngest (<10 years; 16.1%) and the oldest (60–69/70+ years; 16.0% and 12.8%, respectively) age groups. However, these age groups showed the highest median NT titers (32–64). In other groups, seropositivity varied from 19.3% to 21.5%. A significant weak positive correlation between binding antibody level as detected by ELISA and VNT titer (rho = 0.439, p < 0.001) was observed. SARS-CoV-2 NT antibody titers seem to be age-related, with the highest NT activity in children under 10 years and individuals above 50 years.

scholarly journals Team Perceptions of Choir Members

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Duygu Piji Küçük ◽  
Bülent Halvaşi
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Music Department ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Members ◽  
High Level ◽  
Type Of School

The success of a choir depends on the integrity, concentration and team logic to be formed within the group under the leadership of the choir conductor. Some dimensions of team perception are considered to be important for choral success such as knowing the aims of the choir, being aware of each other's talent levels, sharing the feeling of success and failure, having trust and responsibility for the group members and the conductor, being willing to work, feeling happy and proud for being a member of the choir. In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of team perception of choir members. In addition, it has been tried to determine whether the team perceptions of choir members have made a difference according to the variables of gender, age, type of graduated school and choir experience. The research group consisted of 246 choir members who are members of Marmara University Polyphonic Choir, MEF University Choir, TRT Istanbul Youth Choir, Kocaeli University Fine Arts Faculty Music Department Choir, Croatia Mato Bucar Choir and Bosnia and Herzegovina Bugojno Choir. The data of the study were collected with Chorus Team Perception Scale and personal information form, consisting of 34 items and 5 sub-dimensions. As a result of the research, it was found that the choir members generally had a high level of team perception. The average score of the choir members in sub-dimensions of the team spirit, chorus and conductor relationship, negative emotions, responsibility and effort, emotional support and collaboration, revealed a high level of team perception. According to the gender variable, a high level of difference was found in favour of female choir members among the total scores of the team members of the choir. It was found that choir members aged 22 years and older had higher choir team perception than choir members in the 14-17 and 18-21 age groups. There was no significant difference between the total score of the team perception and the sub-dimension scores of the choir members according to the type of school they graduated and the choir experience variables.

Seroprevalence ofEchinococcus granulosusinfection in Croatian patients with cystic liver disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tabain ◽  
M. Sviben ◽  
S. Ljubin-Sternak ◽  
T. Vilibić-Čavlek ◽  
G. Mlinarić-Galinović
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cystic Liver

AbstractCystic liver disease (CLD), presenting with solitary or multiple cysts in the liver, is a common diagnosis today, primarily due to the frequent application of modern radiological methods. There is a wide range of possible causes. CLD of infective origin is usually caused by an echinococcal species. During the past three decades a number of cystic echinococcosis (CE) control programmes have led to a significant decrease in the incidence of human hydatidosis in some endemic areas. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence ofE. granulosusinfection in Croatian patients with CLD. A total of 540 serum samples from patients with hepatic cysts detected by imaging methods were screened for the presence ofE. granulosusIgG antibodies using semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Western blot technique was used as a confirmatory test for the CE diagnosis. The overallE. granulosusseroprevalence rate in patients with CLD was 3.9%. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence rate between male and female patients (P = 0.541). According to age groups, there was a significant difference in seropositivity among age groups (P = 0.002). The highest seroprevalence rate was detected in the youngest age group (up to 18 years), both in males and females (20% and 13%, respectively). This study indicates that CE still represents a public health problem in Croatia. Preventive measures should be used to controlEchinococcusinfections, including avoidance of contact with infected dogs, egg-contaminated soil or plants; control and treatment of dogs with antihelmintics; hand washing, improved sanitation and health education.

scholarly journals Development and verification of the programming resilience scale for university students

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Qian Fu ◽  
Li-Wen Zhang ◽  
Jon-Chao Hong ◽  
Yan Dong
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incremental Belief ◽  
High Level ◽  
Learning Programming

Learning programming challenges students who encounter difficulties such as resolving syntax and format errors. These challenges require students to invoke resilience to overcome programming problems and keep trying. In response, this study developed the programming resilience scale for university students (PRSUS). The snowball-sampling method was used to collect the data of science and engineering undergraduates, and the participants were divided into two groups (n1 = 316, n2 = 358) for an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. For the PRSUS, 3 items were retained for each of 4 dimensions, namely: persistence, perceived value, difficulty cognition, and incremental belief. The reliability and validity indexes indicate the scale is reliable for measuring programming resilience. Moreover, the results showed that most undergraduates had a high level of programming resilience, and they could judge their level correctly in comparison to their peers. The study also found that, although no significant difference was found among the grade or age groups, the programming resilience of the male students was significantly better than that of the female students. The PRSUS is expected to help researchers and teachers to identify students who have difficulties learning programming and to provide early interventions to students. Implications for practice or policy: Students can use the PRSUS to test if they have a high level of programming resilience and improve their programming resilience in a targeted way. Educators can use the PRSUS to identify students who find it difficult to finish programming learning or to judge whether their teaching can make students more willing to overcome programming difficulties.

High seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a university hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemisola Ikotun ◽  
Oluyomi Sowemimo ◽  
Chia-Mei Chou ◽  
Kayode Ajenifuja ◽  
Ting-Wu Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Human toxocariasis is a neglected zoonotic disease and its impact on human health is underestimated. Studies investigating the occurrence of toxocariasis in pregnancy are very scarce in Nigeria. This study investigated the seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. antibodies as well as the possible risk factors in pregnant women who routinely attended an antenatal clinic in a university hospital in Ile-Ife, Osun state. Methods Blood samples were collected from 413 participating pregnant women between October 2017 and February 2018. Epidemiological data were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The sera were screened for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies by western blot technique based on Toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory antigens, targeting low molecular weight bands of 24-35 kDa, specifically for T. canis infection. Results The overall seroprevalence was 92.49% (382/413). There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence rate of Toxocara spp. infection between pregnant women aged ≤30 y and those aged &gt;30 y (91.63 vs 93.33%; OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.67, p=0.511). The seroprevalence rate increased with the number of miscarriages but there was no statistical significance (p&gt;0.05). Moreover, no significant associations were found between Toxocara spp. seropositivity and other studied risk factors (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion The high seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in pregnant Nigerian women needs comprehensive health education regarding personal hygiene and how to avoid exposure to this parasite infection.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Western Romania, March to June 2021

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Tudor Rares Olariu ◽  
Alina Cristiana Craciun ◽  
Daliborca Cristina Vlad ◽  
Victor Dumitrascu ◽  
Iosif Marincu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Significant Spread ◽  
Western Romania

Background and Objectives: The extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection among a population may be assessed by the presence of serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which indicates previous exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the adult population from Western Romania. Materials and Methods: Samples of 2443 consecutive individuals, referred for routine laboratory investigations, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Elecsys immunoassay that targets the nucleocapsid protein, for identifying the presence of the total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 45.60%. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher in age group 30–49 years (53.94%) compared to age groups 50–69 years (43.53%) and 70–91 years (30.79%) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference in seroprevalence was observed between females (44.83%) and males (47.05%). Conclusions: Our data revealed a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the adult population from Western Romania and indicate the rapid and significant spread of the virus. The estimated prevalence of 45.60% was 6 times higher than the rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the study area. This indicates the magnitude of virus transmission in the community.

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