scholarly journals Carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in wastewater treatment plant workers and surrounding residents - The AWARE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodriguez-Molina ◽  
Fanny Berglund ◽  
Hetty Blaak ◽  
Marcela Popa ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Flach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity

Purpose. To investigate whether wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and residents living in close proximity to a WWTP have elevated carriage rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, as compared to the general population. Methods. From 2018 to 2020, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania among WWTP workers (N=344), nearby residents (living ≤ 300 meters away from WWTPs; N=431) and distant residents (living ≥ 1000 meters away = reference group; N=1165). We collected information on potential confounders via questionnaire. Culture of participants' stool samples was performed with ChromID®-ESBL agar plates and species identification with MALDI-TOF-MS. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for carrying ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL- EC). Sensitivity analyses included stratification by country and interaction models using country as secondary exposure. Results. Prevalence of ESBL-EC was 11% (workers), 29% (nearby residents), and 7% (distant residents), and higher in Romania (28%) than in Germany (7%) and the Netherlands (6%). Models stratified by country showed that within the Romanian population, WWTP workers are about twice as likely (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.22-4.5) and nearby residents about three times as likely (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.8-5.59) to be ESBL-EC carriers, when compared with distant residents. Conclusions. In stratified analyses by country, we found an increased risk for carriage of ESBL-EC in Romanian workers and nearby residents. This effect was higher for nearby residents than for workers, which suggests that, for nearby residents, factors other than the local WWTP could contribute to the increased carriage.

scholarly journals Carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in wastewater treatment plant workers and surrounding residents — the AWARE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daloha Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
Fanny Berglund ◽  
Hetty Blaak ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Flach ◽  
Merel Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractTo investigate whether wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and residents living in close proximity to a WWTP have elevated carriage rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, as compared to the general population. From 2018 to 2020, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania among WWTP workers (N = 344), nearby residents (living ≤ 300 m away from WWTPs; N = 431) and distant residents (living ≥ 1000 m away = reference group; N = 1165). We collected information on potential confounders via questionnaire. Culture of participants’ stool samples was performed with ChromID®-ESBL agar plates and species identification with MALDI-TOF–MS. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for carrying ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC). Sensitivity analyses included stratification by country and interaction models using country as secondary exposure. Prevalence of ESBL-EC was 11% (workers), 29% (nearby residents), and 7% (distant residents), and higher in Romania (28%) than in Germany (7%) and the Netherlands (6%). Models stratified by country showed that within the Romanian population, WWTP workers are about twice as likely (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.22–4.50) and nearby residents about three times as likely (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.80–5.59) to be ESBL-EC carriers, when compared with distant residents. In stratified analyses by country, we found an increased risk for carriage of ESBL-EC in Romanian workers and nearby residents. This effect was higher for nearby residents than for workers, which suggests that, for nearby residents, factors other than the local WWTP could contribute to the increased carriage.

scholarly journals Impact of Coffee/Green Tea/Soft Drink Consumption on the Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Joong Seob Lee ◽  
Tae Jun Kim ◽  
Sung Kwang Hong ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and the frequency of coffee, tea, and soft drink consumption, based on data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (2004–2016). We used the KoGES health examinee data, obtained from urban residents aged ≥ 40 years. Information on the participants’ medical history, nutrition (total calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake), frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, household income, and frequency of coffee/green tea/soft drink intake was collected. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the participant’s age and sex. Among 173,209 participants, there were 11,750 and 156,002 individuals with hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia controls, respectively. In an adjusted model, frequent coffee and green tea consumption did not increase the risk of hyperuricemia, compared to the “no intake” reference group. However, an adjusted odds ratio of hyperuricemia was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35, p < 0.001) for participants who reported consuming soft drinks ≥ 3 times per day, compared to the respective “no drink” reference group. Even after adjusting for nutritional and sociodemographic factors, frequent soft drink intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, neither coffee nor green tea intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Combined use of LS-PIV and CFD for the characterization of turbulent flow in the contact chamber of ‘COSTA AZUL’ wastewater treatment plant, Carlos Paz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragessi I. Matias ◽  
Leyria Rainieri Gianina ◽  
Ganancias Facundo ◽  
García C. Marcelo ◽  
Di Buo Melina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Abstract The Costa Azul wastewater treatment plant is situated in Carlos Paz city (Córdoba, Argentina). The treated water is discharged to the San Roque reservoir, which is the source of water for the city of Córdoba and surrounding towns. Consequently, it is of great importance to evaluate the potential impact on the water quality reservoir for the preservation of public health. Currently, the WWTP lacks an accurate flow monitoring system at the last treatment: disinfection. This problem led to the development of a methodology in which experimental in-situ work and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were applied, in a combined way, to calibrate the flow measurement system. First, Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LS-PIV) was applied. The results made it possible to obtain characteristic parameters of the average flow: cross-sectional velocity profiles, recirculation and flow stagnation zones, flow discharge and characteristic parameters of the contact chamber. Second, numerical models, based on the Reynolds-average Navier–Stokes equations with the k–ε turbulent closure model were used. Based on the simulations results, it was possible to calibrate the discharge equation for a rectangular weir, and elaborate recommendations to improve the discharge measurement system and hydraulics in the area of the contact chamber curves.

An Unexpected Odour Problem in the Biological Treatment of Chemical Wastewater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dijkstra ◽  
M. Plum ◽  
A. Geerdes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Odour Threshold ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Complete Nitrification

DSM, a large chemical company in the Netherlands, operates a plant for the biological treatment of the wastewater of about 35 production plants (organic and inorganic chemicals). A special feature of this biotreatment plant is complete nitrification of Kjeldahl-nitrogen, in combination with denitrification. Experiences with this installation are reported. A serious odour problem has arisen due to the presence of traces of a tellurium-containing catalyst from one of the plants. An organic tellurium compound with a very low odour threshold is produced in the wastewater treatment plant, mainly under anoxic, dentrifying conditions. Experimental results on the origin of the problem are reported, and a solution is given.

AST/ALT Ratio and Peripheral Artery Disease in a Chinese Hypertensive Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110044
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zha ◽  
Congcong Ding ◽  
Lihua Hu ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Previous studies reported that the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AST/ALT) was a risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular death. However, only a few studies investigated the correlations between the AST/ALT ratio and PAD. We analyzed data from 10 900 patients with hypertension from the Chinese Hypertension Registry Study; 350 patients had PAD (prevalence 3.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, the AST/ALT ratio was independently and positively associated with risk of PAD (OR: 1.31, 95% CI, 1.13-1.59), and a significant increased risk of PAD for the third AST/ALT ratio tertile (T3) compared with the first tertile (T1; OR: 1.49, 95% CI, 1.09-2.04, P trend = .005) was found. Moreover, when we combined T1 and T2 into one group and used it as a reference group, the risk of PAD increased with the increase in AST/ALT; the risk ratio was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.20-1.95). A higher AST/ALT ratio (≥1.65) was associated with PAD risk in Chinese adults with hypertension. Our results suggest that the AST/ALT ratio may help identify patients at high risk of vascular end points and might be a convenient, economical, and effective tool for evaluating the risk of atherosclerosis.

Seasonal Influence on the Numbers of Gender-Related Orofacial Cleft Conceptions in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562098769
Author(s):  
Lisanne M. van der Lek ◽  
Shariselle M.W. Pool ◽  
Kim de Jong ◽  
Christl Vermeij-Keers ◽  
Chantal M. Mouës-Vink
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: In the multifactorial etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs), environmental factors play an important role. To trace the influence of these factors, the timing of the cell biological mechanisms that occur during embryological development of the primary and secondary palates must be taken into account. That is, the fusion process of the facial and palatal processes, respectively, followed by their differentiation into bone and musculature, which take place during the first trimester of pregnancy. During this period, harmful seasonal influences such as viral infections and vitamin deficiencies could induce OFC in the embryo. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out whether a seasonal conception period with an increased risk of OFC development exists, particularly gender related. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with OFC born in the Netherlands from 2006 to 2016. Total conception rates of live births in the Netherlands were used as a control group. χ2 tests were performed to analyze monthly and seasonal differences. Males and females, positive and negative family history and subphenotype groups based on fusion and/or differentiation (F- and/or D-) defects, and their timing in embryogenesis were analyzed separately. Results: In total, 1653 children with OFC, 1041 males and 612 females, were analyzed. Only males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring, most often in May. Conclusions: Males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring. No other seasonal trends could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of a teaching hospital in a highly endemic region in the Netherlands after the first wave: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051573
Author(s):  
Maud Bouwman ◽  
Frits van Osch ◽  
Francy Crijns ◽  
Thera Trienekens ◽  
Jannet Mehagnoul-Schipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo study the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among hospital healthcare workers after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide more knowledge in the understanding of the relationship between infection, symptomatology and source of infection.DesignA cross-sectional study in healthcare workers.SettingNorthern Limburg, the Netherlands.ParticipantsAll employees of VieCuri Medical Center (n=3300) were invited to enrol in current study. In total 2507 healthcare workers participated.InterventionBetween 22 June 2020 and 3 July 2020, participants provided venous blood samples voluntarily, which were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ig total ELISA test. Work characteristics, exposure risks and prior symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were gathered through a survey.Main outcome measureProportion of healthcare workers with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 21.1% (n=530/2507). Healthcare workers between 17 and 30 years were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with participants >30 years. The probability of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was comparable for healthcare workers with and without direct patient (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.34) and COVID-19 patient contact (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.33). On the contrary, exposure to COVID-19 positive coworkers (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.93) and household members (OR 6.09, 95% CI 2.23 to 16.64) was associated with seropositivity. Of those healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 16% (n=85/530) had not experienced any prior COVID-19-related symptoms. Only fever and anosmia were associated with seropositivity (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.55 and OR 10.51, 95% CI 7.86 to 14.07).ConclusionsHealthcare workers caring for hospitalised COVID-19 patients were not at an increased risk of infection, most likely as a result of taking standard infection control measures into consideration. These data show that compliance with infection control measures is essential to control secondary transmission and constrain the spread of the virus.

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