scholarly journals Relating SARS-CoV-2 shedding rate in wastewater to daily positive tests data: A consistent model based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Petala ◽  
Margaritis Kostglou ◽  
Thodoris Karapantsios ◽  
Chrysostomos Dovas ◽  
Theodoros Lytras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
The City

During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been engaged to complement medical surveillance and in some cases to also act as an early diagnosis indicator of viral spreading in the community. Most efforts worldwide by the scientific community and commercial companies focused on the formulation of protocols for SARS CoV-2 analysis in wastewater and approaches addressing the quantitative relationship between WBE and medical surveillance are lacking. In the present study, a mathematical model is developed which uses as input the number of daily positive medical tests together with the highly non-linear shedding rate curve of individuals to estimate the evolution of virus shedding rate in wastewater along calendar days. A comprehensive parametric study by the model using medical surveillance data for the city of Thessaloniki (~700,000 inhabitants, North Greece) reveals the conditions under which WBE can be used as an early warning tool for predicting pandemic outbreaks. It is shown that early warning capacity is not the same along the days of an outbreak and varies strongly with the number of days apart between the day of maximum shedding rate of individuals in their disease cycle and the day of their medical testing. Moreover, the present data show that there exists a proportion between unreported cases (asymptomatic persons and patients with mild symptoms that do not seek medical advice) and reported cases. The proportion is not steady but increases with the number of reported cases. The early detection capacity of WBE improves substantially in the presence of an increasing number of unreported cases. For Thessaloniki at the peak of the pandemic in mid-November 2020, the number of unreported cases reached a maximum around 4 times the number of reported people.

scholarly journals Wastewater-based Epidemiology – Possible Approach for the Prevalence Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 in the Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Krivonakova ◽  
Andrea Soltysova ◽  
Michal Tamas ◽  
Zdenko Takac ◽  
Ján Krahulec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The City ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerges to intensive scientific research and monitoring of wastewaters because of their possible important role in identifying and early warning of a spread of the virus in the community. In our study, we investigated the prevalence of the COVID-19 disease in the population of the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava, based on wastewater monitoring from September 2020 until March 2021. Samples were analyzed from two major wastewater treatment plants of the city with reaching nearly 0.6 million monitored inhabitants. Obtained results from the wastewater analysis suggest significant statistical dependence. High correlations between the number of viral particles in wastewater and the number of reported positive nasopharyngeal RT-qPCR tests of infected individuals with a time lag of 2 weeks / 12 days (R2 = 83.78% / R2 = 52.65%) as well as with a reported number of death cases with a time lag of 4 weeks / 27 days (R2 = 83.21% / R2 = 61.89%) was observed. The obtained results and subsequent mathematical modeling will serve in the future as an early warning system for the occurrence of a local site of infection and, at the same time, predict the load on the health system up to two weeks in advance.

scholarly journals Effort of Medan Mayor in Realizing Clean Government (Study About the Practice of Administration in Medan City To Prevent and Acts Criminal Actors of Corruption)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabungan Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Central Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The efforts of Mayor of Medan in creating a clean government in Medan City Government isto promote the rules and policies that have made the central government and implementedby the city government of Medan conditions include (a) the fact Integrity, (b) e-purchasing,(c) e-government, (d) reward (reward) and punishment (punishment), (e) unqualified (WTP)and the Procurement Services Unit (ULP). The role of the Mayor of Medan to prevent andtake action against perpetrators of corruption in the city government of Medan are (a) facingthe principle of transparency in carrying out the functions and duties of office to preventcorrupt practices, (b) make an early warning program of prevention of corruption, (c) andnine steps to eradicate corruption. That support wider community both from the communityorganizations, businesses, and students are needed. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.4952

scholarly journals Characterization of secondary deposits of columbite-tantalite minerals found in the city of Rorainópolis (RR), Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-468
Author(s):  
Anna Caroline Andrade Pinto ◽  
Tiago Felipe Arruda Maia
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Petrographic Description

Many of the studies about mineral deposits are bringing great information to the scientific community, providing, for example, general characteristics of these deposits, possible source areas and its used in some cases as prospective tools to help in geological mapping. In this way, this study aimed to characterize the alluvial secondary deposits of columbite-tantalite that were found near vicinal 12, about 50km north/northeast of Rorainópolis city, between the BR-174 and BR-210 roads, in the state of Roraima (Brazil), bases on 4 samples that were brought by a resident of the region. To fulfill these objectives, some chemical and mineralogical methods were performed, like: magnetic separation, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and petrographic description. The deposits of the region end up being characterized by having a large amount of Fe and Ti (mostly), containing in some places also a large concentration of Niobium and Tantalum. Not all samples have columbite-tantalite, showing that their concentration in some areas of the deposit is quite low. There are samples with less than 1% Nb and Ta and also samples with more than 20% Nb and 6% Ta concentration. These minerals were poorly transported, being identified by the degree of roundness and granulometry of the samples. A weathering cap on some minerals could also be verified. This research work turned out to be relevant, as it provides new data that add to the knowledge of the mineral potential, which has not been fully explored yet.

scholarly journals Hotels contingency assessment in Padang city against coastal hazard

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Giani Ananda ◽  
Taufika Ophiyandri ◽  
Abdul Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
The City

Padang city has a variety of regions including coastal. The city of Padang is very vulnerable to coastal disaster (Coastal Hazard). In response to these statements, it is necessary to optimize the Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) for contingencies against coastal hazard referring to the four major components of MHEWS according to UNISDR. Hotels are kind of many public buildings that may be used as shelters. The purpose of this study is to assess the hotel contingencies in Padang city against coastal hazard. To achieve the goal, some near the beach hotels have been selected as the object of research. The selected hotels are five of four-star hotels, one of one-star hotel, and three for two-star hotels. The research results are processed by qualitative and quantitative analytic methods. The assessment then concludes that contingency afford is effected by the level hotel star. The important things that need to be planned for the hotel contingency against the coastal hazard are the evacuation route map and the signs of evacuation direction in the easy place to find.

Hazard assessment of landslide-prone areas on highly weathered dunite rock in Bello Oriente, Medellín, Colombia (Project Inform@Risk)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Breuninger ◽  
Moritz Gamperl ◽  
Kurosch Thuro
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
The City

<p>The project Inform@Risk, a collaboration of German and Colombian Universities and Institutes funded by the German government, aims to install a landslide early warning system in the informal settlements in Medellín, Colombia. In the recent past the city has suffered from multiple landslides, some of them with up to 500 casualties. The informal settlements in the steep slopes at the city borders grow rapidly, which destabilizes the ground and complicates the installation and operation of an early warning system. Therefore, key goal of the project is to include the community in the process of the development of the early warning system.</p><p>Medellín is embedded in the Aburrá Valley in the Cordillera Central of the Andes. The region around the city consists of different triassic and cretaceous metamorphic rocks and magmatic batholites and plutonites. Especially the north-eastern slope is prone to landslides, as it is very steep and made up of a deep cover of soil over highly weathered dunite rock.</p><p>During the first field trip, carried out in August 2019, former landslide areas were located, and ERT-measurements were conducted at the study site Bello Oriente in the northeast of Medellín. After a first evaluation of the findings, the soil cover seems to be over 50 m high in the middle of the slope, which indicates a deep-seated landslide, that might have been moving downhill very slowly for thousands of years. The more dangerous landslides however, which are much faster, are the shallow ones on the surface. These landslides can appear on top of each other and are distributed across the whole study area but are most concentrated between and above the last houses of the barrio. During a second field campaign in 2020, the ERT-profiles will be calibrated and complemented by drillings and the hazard map will be completed accordingly.</p>

scholarly journals Effort of Medan Mayor in Realizing Clean Government (Study About the Practice of Administration in Medan City To Prevent and Acts Criminal Actors of Corruption)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabungan Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Central Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The efforts of Mayor of Medan in creating a clean government in Medan City Government isto promote the rules and policies that have made the central government and implementedby the city government of Medan conditions include (a) the fact Integrity, (b) e-purchasing,(c) e-government, (d) reward (reward) and punishment (punishment), (e) unqualified (WTP)and the Procurement Services Unit (ULP). The role of the Mayor of Medan to prevent andtake action against perpetrators of corruption in the city government of Medan are (a) facingthe principle of transparency in carrying out the functions and duties of office to preventcorrupt practices, (b) make an early warning program of prevention of corruption, (c) andnine steps to eradicate corruption. That support wider community both from the communityorganizations, businesses, and students are needed.

scholarly journals Translations of Steinhausen's Publications Provide Insight Into Their Contributions to Peripheral Vestibular Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Straka ◽  
Michael G. Paulin ◽  
Larry F. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Torsion Pendulum ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Pendulum Model ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Insight Into

The quantitative relationship between angular head movement and semicircular canal function is most often referenced to the well-known torsion-pendulum model that predicts cupular displacement from input head acceleration. The foundation of this model can be traced back to Steinhausen's series of papers between 1927 and 1933 whereby he endeavored to document observations of cupular displacements that would directly infer movement of the endolymph resulting from angular rotation. He also was the first to establish the direct relationship between cupular displacement and compensatory eye movements. While the chronology of these findings, with their successes and pitfalls, are documented in Steinhausen's work, it reflects a fascinating journey that has been inaccessible to the non-German speaking community. Therefore, the present compilation of translations, with accompanying introduction and discussion, was undertaken to allow a larger component of the vestibular scientific community to gain insight into peripheral labyrinthine mechanics provided by this historical account.

Controlling taste and odour events for the city of Philadelphia, USA: a case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gary Burlingame ◽  
Erin Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The City

The overall goal of this case study is to describe the history and present methods that the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) uses to address its on-going earthy and musty drinking water T&O problems. The Philadelphia Water Department has developed a baseline for its water's aesthetic qualities since the early 1980’s. Philadelphia feels it has sufficient resources to control taste and odour problems. However, when directly asked, only 61–64% of the consumers are satisfied with the taste and odour of Philadelphia's drinking waters. A taste and odour early warning system is being developed for the two drinking water sources, the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Secondly, routine T&O panels and chemical analysis of geosmin and MIB are completed. Since the year 2000, 10 ng/L has become an early warning wake-up call for PWD. When higher levels are observed, testing is a priority, the source of the T&O is investigated and consumer complaints are monitored carefully. Present water treatment plants are conventional with chlorine disinfection, coagulation/sedimentation, rapid dual media filtration and final chloramination. The PWD uses powdered activated carbon, river water bypass and hydraulic changes in the distribution system to minimise odour events.

Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Dmytro Vashchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
First Case ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.

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