scholarly journals Image-based assessment of plant disease progression identifies new genetic loci for resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérian Méline ◽  
Denise Caldwell ◽  
Bong-Suk S. Kim ◽  
Sriram Baireddy ◽  
Changye Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Time Series Images ◽  
Human Assessment

A major challenge in global crop production is mitigating yield loss due to plant diseases. One of the best means of disease control is plant resistance, but the identification of genes that promote resistance has been limited by the subjective quantification of disease, which is typically scored by the human eye. We hypothesized that image-based quantification of disease phenotypes would enable the identification of new disease resistance loci. We tested this using the interaction between tomato and Ralstonia solanacearum , a soilborne pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease. We acquired over 40,000 time-series images of disease progression in a tomato recombinant inbred line population, and developed an image analysis pipeline providing a suite of ten traits to quantify wilt disease based on plant shape and size. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses using image-based phenotyping identified QTL that were both unique and shared compared with those identified by human assessment of wilting. When shared loci were identified, image-based phenotyping could detect some QTL several days earlier than human assessment. Thus, expanding the phenotypic space of disease with image-based phenotyping allowed both earlier detection and identified new genetic components of resistance.

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit dari Bunga Bawang Dayak untuk Menekan Pertumbuhan Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Tomat

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Wulan Cahyani ◽  
Noor Laili Aziza ◽  
Yusriadi Marsuni
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Cultivation of tomato plants (Lycopesicum esculentum Mill.) Is often exposed to plant diseases. One of the diseases that often attacks tomato plants is bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum. Therefore, it is necessary to have biological control with the application of an antagonistic agent, namely the provision of endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers. This study aims to determine the types of endophytic fungi in dayak onion flowers and to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. This research was conducted from February to May 2020, taking samples of dayak onion flowers in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture and samples of symptomatic tomato plants on the Karang Anyar Farmer Group's land then continued with isolation, purification, identification, and antagonistic testing at the Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The method used in this study was a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments, namely C1 = endophytic fungi A + R. solanacearum, C2 = endophytic fungi B + R. solanacearum, C3 = endophytic fungi F + R. solanacearum, C4 = endophytic fungi G + R. solanacearum, C5 = endophytic fungi I + R. solanacearum, C6 = endophytic fungi J + R. solanacearum, C7 = endophytic fungi K + R. solanacearum, C8 = fungi endophytic N + R. solanacearum, and C9 = endophytic fungi P + R. solanacearum and repeated three times. This study used a comparison, namely control with three replications, in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The results of this study that endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers have the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum. Based on the research, there were 17 endophytic fungi from dayak onion flowers with nine endophytic fungi which had the fastest growth rate of radius. Fungi with the genus Colletotrichum sp., Mucor sp., and Papulaspora sp. has the potential to suppress the growth of R. solanacearum with moderate to strong percentage of inhibition.

scholarly journals The Abilities of Endophytic and Biofertilizing Bacteria and Their Combinations to Suppress Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Chili

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadaha ◽  
Dewi Nurma Yanti Ningtyasb ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the most important diseases in Solanaceae, including chili. Biological control is one of environmentally-friendly method for controlling plant diseases. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include bacterial endophytes and bacteria that are usually used as biofertilizer. This paper discusses the result of the study that examined the abilities of endophytic and biofertilizing bacteria solely or in combination to suppress bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). The endophytic bacteria isolates tested were Lysinibacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, while biofertilizing bacteria used were N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacea). The results showed that the endophytic bacteria, biofertilizing bacteria and their combination inhibited wilt disease incidence in chili by 46.7-80 %. The highest disease suppression (80 %) showed by the endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis. This endophyte was also able to promote a significant chili growth. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum, Endophytic bacteria, Biofertilizer, Biological control, Chili.

scholarly journals Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Fabio Fracchetti ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

Evaluation of seed associated endophytic bacteria from tolerant chilli cv. Firingi Jolokia for their biocontrol potential against bacterial wilt disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 126751
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dowarah ◽  
Heena Agarwal ◽  
Debasish B Krishnatreya ◽  
Pankaj Losan Sharma ◽  
Nilamjyoti Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Biocontrol Potential
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