scholarly journals An EEG study on the effect of being overweight on anticipatory and consummatory reward in response to pleasant taste stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Baines ◽  
Imca S Hensels ◽  
Deborah Talmi
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Reward Anticipation ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Two-thirds of adults in the United Kingdom currently suffer from overweight or obesity, making it one of the biggest contributors to health problems. Within the framework of the incentive sensitisation theory, it has been hypothesised that overweight people experience heightened reward anticipation when encountering cues that signal food, such as pictures and smells of food, but that they experience less reward from consuming food compared to normal-weight people. There is, however, little evidence for this prediction. Few studies test both anticipation and consumption in the same study, and even fewer with electroencephalography (EEG). This study sought to address this gap in the literature by measuring scalp activity when overweight and normal-weight people encountered cues signalling the imminent arrival of pleasant and neutral taste stimuli, and when they received these stimuli. The behavioural data showed that there was a smaller difference in valence ratings between the pleasant and neutral taste in the overweight than normal-weight group, in accordance with our hypothesis. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the groups did not differ in their electrophysiological response to taste stimuli. Instead, there was a reduction in N1 amplitude to both taste and picture cues in overweight relative to normal-weight participants. This suggests that reduced attention to cues may be a crucial factor in risk of overweight.

scholarly journals PL-014 The gaseous metabolism characteristics of overweight adult women during exercise stress test

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Chen ◽  
Peizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Gas Metabolism ◽  
Overweight Group

Objective Overweight was a global public health problem. In recent years, the number of overweight people in China had been increasing. Being overweight had a serious impact on health. 31.1% of overweight people had aggregation of risk factors for cardiovascular metabolic diseases. And overweight people were more likely to suffer from some diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and arthritis. This study compared the gas metabolism index differences between overweight and normal weight women when they did exercise under different load, and summarized gas metabolism characteristics of overweight women, in order to lay the foundation for instructing overweight women to do exercise scientifically, reduce the risk factors of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and enhance and improve physical fitness and health. Methods Adult women between 20 and 30 years were taken as subjects. After measuring their height and weight, they were divided into normal weight group (BMI=18~23.9kg/m2) and overweight group (BMI＞24kg/m2) according to body mass index (BMI). There were 15 participants in each group. After the baseline test, using modified Bruce treadmill protocol, the air metabolism indexes of two groups were determined by Cortex MetaMax 3B portable gas metabolic analyzer, including oxygen uptake(VO2), minute ventilation(MV), breathing frequency(BF), expiratory end-tidal CO2concentration(ETCO2), expiratory end-tidal O2concentration (ETO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), carbon dioxide output(VCO2), oxygen pulse and maximal voluntary ventilation(MMV), etc. The differences of gas metabolism indexes among resting, exercise, and recovery stages were compared and analyzed. Results (1) Most of indexes such as VO2, VCO2, and MV rose gradually with the load increase during exercise stress test except for ETO2and PaCO2. VO2, PaCO2, VCO2and ETCO2of overweight group were significantly lower than normal weight group during the same load. PaCO2of overweight group at grade 4 was significant lower than normal weight group by 5.6 mmHg (P<0.05). VCO2of overweight group at grade 5 was significant lower than normal weight group by 0.6L/min (P<0.05). ETCO2 of overweight group at grade 3 and 4 were significant lower than normal weight group about 0.5% and 0.6% respectively (P<0.05). (2) During recovery stage, most of indexes decreased gradually, such as MV and BF, while ETO2presented a rising trend. At a certain time during the recovery stage, ETCO2of overweight group was significantly lower than normal weight group (5.3% vs 5.8%), while MMV, MV and oxygen pulse were significantly higher than normal weight group (P<0.05). MMV of overweight group at 2, 3 and 4 minutes were significant lower than normal weight group by1L/min, 1L/min and 0.9L/min, at the same time, MV of overweight group were significant lower than normal weight group by17.8L/min, 20.1L/min and 16.9L/min. The oxygen pulse of overweight group during whole 5 minutes recovery period were significantly higher than normal weight group by 2.7L/min, 3.9L/min, 3.9L/min, 2.9L/min and 2.0L/min. (3) The gaseous metabolism between two groups was significantly different when they did 7.1 and 10.2 METs exercise. Conclusions Although there was no difference in gas metabolism between overweight and normal weight adult women in resting state, the respiratory function of overweight women was weaker than normal weight women during exercise, especially at the intensities of 7.1 and 10.2 METs. During the recovery period after exercise stress test, the recovery rate of gas metabolism in overweight adult women was slower than that of normal weight women.

Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Poyraz ◽  
Murat Turfan ◽  
Sinan A. Kocaman ◽  
Huseyin U. Yazici ◽  
Nihat Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics Vary According to Body Mass Index in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nonaka ◽  
Shin Murata ◽  
Kayoko Shiraiwa ◽  
Teppei Abiko ◽  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Knee Extension Strength

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is related to health in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics in underweight, overweight, and obese Japanese community-dwelling elderly women compared to normal-weight elderly women. Methods: The study participants included 212 community-dwelling elderly women. They were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9), overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Data on skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), number of trunk curl-ups performed within 30 seconds, knee extension strength, one-leg standing time, and walking speed were recorded. Results: In the underweight group, the number of trunk curl-ups was significantly lower than that of the normal-weight group (p = 0.011) and the correlation between knee extension strength and walking speed was relatively higher than in the normal-weight group (r = 0.612 vs. r = 0.471). In the overweight group, the SMI was significantly increased (p < 0.001), but knee extension strength was not increased (p = 0.235) compared to that of the normal-weight group. In the obese group, one-leg standing time was significantly shorter than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Physical characteristics vary according to BMI and these findings are useful in assessing and planning interventional programs to improve and maintain physical function in elderly women.

Analyses of Gait and Jump Tasks in Female Obese Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Ricardo Pires de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Teresa da Conceição Figueira Martins ◽  
Ana Maria Miranda Botelho Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Task Differences

In spite of the advances in knowledge on the multi–factorial nature of obesity, many questions related to the consequences of the disease continue to be unanswered. Several studies have reported biomechanic and kinematic adaptation and alterations in walking and in tasks of every day life, motivated by the additional load of fat mass in children and adults. The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of obesity in the electromyographic activity of four lower extremity muscles during three speeds of walking and during a countermovement jump (CMJ) in twenty two (9 obese and 13 normal weight) female adolescents aged 13. Although electromyographic differences were not observed between groups for normal, slow and fast speeds, data suggests that the preferred pace of the obese is less efficient than that of the normal weight group. In CMJ task, differences in the after–fall jump phase were observed. More studies are needed to explain if the few differences observed between groups are caused by the bigger amount of fat mass.

scholarly journals Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhi Bing Liu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

Size for gestational age at birth according to offspring sex and gestational weight gain in underweight women

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasuga ◽  
D. Shigemi ◽  
M. Tamagawa ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
S.-H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

AbstractAlthough maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are related to fetal growth, there is a paucity of data regarding how offspring sex affects the relationship between maternal BMI in underweight mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and size for gestational age at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offspring sex on the relationships among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and size for gestational age at birth in Japanese underweight mothers. Records of women with full-term pregnancies who underwent perinatal care at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort included underweight (n=566) and normal-weight women (18.5 kg/m2⩽pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2; n=2671). The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01). Additionally, SGA incidence in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01) in female, but not male (P=0.30) neonates. In the women with female neonates, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; P<0.01), but inadequate GWG was not (OR: 1.38; P=0.11). In contrast, in women with male neonates, inadequate GWG was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (OR: 1.53; P=0.03), but not with pre-pregnancy underweight (OR: 1.30; P=0.10). In conclusion, the present results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight is associated with SGA in female offspring but not in male offspring.

The impact of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome in adolescents: a prospective clinical cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder F Saloom ◽  
Roshanak Boustan ◽  
Jadbinder Seehra ◽  
Spyridon N Papageorgiou ◽  
Guy H Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Clinical Cohort ◽  
Pre Treatment

Summary Introduction This prospective clinical cohort study investigated the potential influence of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome. Methods A prospective cohort of adolescent patients undergoing routine fixed appliance treatment were recruited into normal-weight or obese groups based upon body mass index (BMI) centile and followed up until the completion of treatment. Primary outcome was treatment duration, and secondary outcomes included treatment outcome (occlusal change measured using peer assessment rating [PAR]), appointment characteristics, and compliance measures. Results A total of 45 patients mean age 14.8 (1.6) years were included in the final analysis. The normal-weight group included 23 patients with mean BMI 19.4 (2.4) kg/m2 and the obese group 22 patients with mean BMI 30.5 (3.8) kg/m2. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between groups, except for BMI and pre-treatment PAR. The normal-weight group had a mean pre-treatment PAR of 25.6 (8.3) and the obese 33.3 (11.8) giving the obese group a more severe pre-treatment malocclusion (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in treatment duration between groups (P = 0.36), but obese patients needed less time per each additional baseline PAR point compared to normal weight (P = 0.02). Obese patients also needed less appointments compared to normal-weight patients (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between groups for appointment characteristics or compliance. Finally, obese patients were more likely to experience a great PAR reduction than normal-weight patients (relative risk = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.2; P = 0.02). Conclusions There were no significant differences in treatment duration between obese and normal-weight patients. Obesity does not appear to be a risk factor for negative orthodontic treatment outcome with fixed appliances.

scholarly journals Effects of a Twelve-Week Weight Reduction Exercise Programme on Selected Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Obese Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Jegede ◽  
Babatunde O. A. Adegoke ◽  
Oladapo M. Olagbegi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objectives. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of twelve-week weight reduction exercises on selected spatiotemporal gait parameters of obese individuals and compare with their normal weight counterparts. Methods. Sixty participants (30 obese and 30 of normal weight) started but only 58 participants (obese = 30, normal weight = 28) completed the quasi-experimental study. Only obese group had 12 weeks of weight reduction exercise training but both groups had their walking speed (WS), cadence (CD), step length (SL), step width (SW), and stride length (SDL) measured at baseline and at the end of weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. There was significantly lower WS, SL, and SDL but higher CD and SW in obese group than the normal weight group at baseline and week 12. However, the obese group had significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal parameters than the normal weight group. Conclusion. The 12-week weight reduction exercise programme produced significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal gait parameters in the obese than normal weight individuals and is recommended for improvement of these parameters among the obese individuals with gait related problems.

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