scholarly journals Hypothyroidism does not lead to worse prognosis in COVID-19: findings from the Brazilian COVID-19 registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Nunes Pereira ◽  
Leticia Ferreira Gontijo Silveira ◽  
Milena Maria Moreira Guimaraes ◽  
Carisi Anne Polanczyk ◽  
Aline Gabrielle Sousa Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Paired Analysis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background: It is not clear whether previous thyroid diseases influence the course and outcomes of COVID-19. The study aims to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without hypothyroidism. Methods: The study is a part of a multicentric cohort of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, including data collected from 37 hospitals. Matching for age, sex, number of comorbidities and hospital was performed to select the patients without hypothyroidism for the paired analysis. Results: From 7,762 COVID-19 patients, 526 had previously diagnosed hypothyroidism (50%) and 526 were selected as matched controls. The median age was 70 (interquartile range 59.0-80.0) years-old and 68.3% were females. The prevalence of underlying comorbidities were similar between groups, except for coronary and chronic kidney diseases, that had a higher prevalence in the hypothyroidism group (9.7% vs. 5.7%, p=0.015 and 9.9% vs. 4.8%, p=0.001, respectively). At hospital presentation, patients with hypothyroidism had a lower frequency of respiratory rate > 24 breaths per minute (36.1% vs 42.0%; p=0.050) and need of mechanical ventilation (4.0% vs 7.4%; p=0.016). D-dimer levels were slightly lower in hypothyroid patients (2.3 times higher than the reference value vs 2.9 times higher; p=0.037). In-hospital management was similar between groups, but hospital length-of-stay (8 vs 9 days; p=0.029) and mechanical ventilation requirement (25.4% vs. 33.1%; p=0.006) were lower for patients with hypothyroidism. There was a trend of lower in-hospital mortality in patients with hypothyroidism (22.1% vs. 27.0%; p=0.062). Conclusion: In this large Brazilian COVID-19 Registry, patients with hypothyroidism had a lower requirement of mechanical ventilation, and showed a trend of lower in-hospital mortality. Therefore, hypothyroidism does not seem to be associated with a worse prognosis, and should not be considered among the comorbidities that indicate a risk factor for COVID-19 severity.

scholarly journals 562. Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective, Multi-Center, Case-Matched Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S346-S346
Author(s):  
Sarah Norman ◽  
Sara Jones ◽  
David Reeves ◽  
Christian Cheatham
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Matched Design ◽  
Median Hospital

Abstract Background At the time of this writing, there is no FDA approved medication for the treatment of COVID-19. One medication currently under investigation for COVID-19 treatment is tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor. It has been shown there are increased levels of cytokines including IL-6 in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients attributed to cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Therefore, inhibition of IL-6 receptors may lead to a reduction in cytokines and prevent progression of CRS. The purpose of this retrospective study is to utilize a case-matched design to investigate clinical outcomes associated with the use of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods This was a retrospective, multi-center, case-matched series matched 1:1 on age, BMI, and days since symptom onset. Inclusion criteria included ≥ 18 years of age, laboratory confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 result, admitted to a community hospital from March 1st – May 8th, 2020, and received tocilizumab while admitted. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, total mechanical ventilation days, mechanical ventilation mortality, and incidence of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. Results The following results are presented as tocilizumab vs control respectively. The primary outcome of in-hospital mortality for tocilizumab (n=26) vs control (n=26) was 10 (38%) vs 11 (42%) patients, p=0.777. The median hospital length of stay for tocilizumab vs control was 14 vs 11 days, p=0.275. The median days of mechanical ventilation for tocilizumab (n=21) vs control (n=15) was 8 vs 7 days, p=0.139, and the mechanical ventilation mortality was 10 (48%) vs 9 (60%) patients, p=0.463. In the tocilizumab group, for those expired (n=10) vs alive (n=16), 10 (100%) vs 7 (50%) patients respectively had a peak ferritin > 600 ng/mL, and 6 (60%) vs 8 (50%) patients had a peak D-dimer > 2,000 ng/mL. The incidence of secondary bacterial or fungal infections within 7 days of tocilizumab administration occurred in 5 (19%) patients. Conclusion These findings suggest that tocilizumab may be a beneficial treatment modality for severe COVID-19 patients. Larger, prospective, placebo-controlled trials are needed to further validate results. Disclosures Christian Cheatham, PharmD, BCIDP, Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions (Shareholder)

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes between alcohol-induced and gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis: An Australian retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110308
Author(s):  
Santiago Cegarra Garcia ◽  
Michael Toolis ◽  
Max Ubels ◽  
Taha Mollah ◽  
Eldho Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Mortality ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Index Of Severity

Objectives: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting to hospital with alcohol-induced and gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients with alcohol-induced or gallstone-induced pancreatitis during the period 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2016. The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures included hospital length of stay, requirements for intensive care unit admission, intensive care unit mortality, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, requirement of inotropes and total parenteral nutrition. Results: A total of 642 consecutive patients (49% alcohol; 51% gallstone) were included. No statistically significant differences were found between alcohol-induced and gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis with respect to hospital mortality, requirement for intensive care unit admission, intensive care unit mortality and requirement for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, inotropes or total parenteral nutrition. There was significant difference in hospital length of stay (3.07 versus 4.84; p  < 0.0001). On multivariable regression analysis, Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score (estimate: 0.393; standard error: 0.058; p < 0.0001) and admission haematocrit (estimate: 0.025; standard error: 0.008; p = 0.002) were found to be independently associated with prolonged hospital length of stay. Conclusion: Hospital mortality did not differ between patients with alcohol-induced and gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis. The duration of hospital stay was longer with gallstone-induced pancreatitis. Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score and admission haematocrit were independently associated with hospital length of stay.

scholarly journals Characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to regional and rural intensive care units in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Paul Secombe ◽  
◽  
Alex Brown ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
Edward Litton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Patient Database

Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to regional and rural intensive care units (ICUs). Design, setting and participants: Retrospective database review using the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database for admissions between January 2009 and June 2019. Characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to regional and rural ICUs were compared with metropolitan and tertiary ICUs. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics, ICU mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation and need for interhospital transfer. Results: Over the sampling period, admissions to regional/rural ICUs averaged nearly 19 000 episodes per annum and comprised 20% of critical care admissions in Australia. Unadjusted mortality was lower, a result that persisted after adjustment for a range of confounders (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67–0.80; P < 0.01). Admissions are more likely to be emergencies, and patients are more likely to live in areas of relative disadvantage and to require interhospital transfer, but are less likely to require mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Although illness severity is lower for patients admitted to regional/rural ICUs, hospital mortality after adjustment for a range of confounders is lower. Compared with tertiary ICUs, emergency admissions are more likely, which may have implications for surge capacity during pandemic illness, while mechanical ventilation is less frequently required. Regional/rural ICUs provide care to a substantial proportion of critically ill patients and have a crucial role in the support of regional Australians.

scholarly journals Promising Effects of Atorvastatin on Outcomes of Patients with Severe COVID-19, A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmmad Haji Aghajani ◽  
Omid Moradi ◽  
Hamed Azhdari Tehrani ◽  
Hossein Amini ◽  
Elham Pourheidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Artery Disease

Purpose: Considering the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin and the role of medical comorbidities such as hypertension and coronary artery disease on prognosis of the COVID-19 patients, we aimed to assess the effect of atorvastatin add-on therapy on mortality due to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including patients who were hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of severe COVID-19. Baseline characteristics and related clinical data of patients were recorded. Clinical outcomes consist of in hospital mortality, need for invasive mechanical ventilation and hospital length of stay. COX regression analysis models were used to assess the association of independent factors to outcomes. Results: Atorvastatin was administered for 421 out of 991 patients. The mean age was 61.640±17.003 years. Older age, higher prevalence of hypertension and coronary artery disease reported in patients who received atorvastatin. These patients had shorter hospital length of stay (P=0.001). Based on COX proportional hazard model, in hospital use of atorvastatin was associated to decrease in mortality (HR=0.679, P=0.005) and lower need for invasive mechanical ventilation (HR=0.602, P=0.014). Conclusions: Atorvastatin add-on therapy in patient with severe COVID-19 was associated with lower in hospital mortality and reduced the risk of need for invasive mechanical ventilation which support to continue the prescription of the medication.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Neutropenic Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s339-s340
Author(s):  
Roopali Sharma ◽  
Deepali Dixit ◽  
Sherin Pathickal ◽  
Jenny Park ◽  
Bernice Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
End Point ◽  
Neutropenic Patients

Background: Data from Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in neutropenic patients are still scarce. Objective: To assess outcomes of CDI in patients with and without neutropenia. Methods: The study included a retrospective cohort of adult patients at 3 academic hospitals between January 2013 and December 2017. The 2 study arms were neutropenic patients (neutrophil count <500/mm3) and nonneutropenic patients with confirmed CDI episodes. The primary outcome evaluated the composite end point of all-cause in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and treatment failure at 7 days. The secondary outcome evaluated hospital length of stay. Results: Of 962 unique cases of CDI, 158 were neutropenic (59% men) and 804 were nonneutropenic (46% men). The median age was 57 years (IQR, 44–64) in the neutropenic group and 68 years (IQR, 56–79) in the nonneutropenic group. The median Charlson comorbidity score was 5 (IQR, 3–7.8) and 4 (IQR, 3–5) in the neutropenic and nonneutropenic groups, respectively. Regarding severity, 88.6% versus 48.9% were nonsevere, 8.2% versus 47% were severe, and 3.2% versus 4.1% were fulminant in the neutropenic and nonneutropenic groups, respectively. Also, 63% of patients (60.9% in nonneutropenic, 65.2% in neutropenic) were exposed to proton-pump inhibitors. A combination CDI treatment was required in 53.2% of neutropenic patients and 50.1% of nonneutropenic patients. The primary composite end point occurred in 27% of neutropenic patients versus 22% of nonneutropenic patients (P = .257), with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.30 (95% CI, 0.84–2.00). The median hospital length of stay after controlling for covariates was 21.3 days versus 14.2 days in the neutropenic and nonneutropenic groups, respectively (P < .001). Complications (defined as hypotension requiring vasopressors, ileus, or bowel perforation) were seen in 6.0% of the nonneutropenic group and 4.4% of the neutropenic group (P = .574), with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.28–1.45). Conclusions: Neutropenic patients were younger and their cases were less severe; however, they had lower incidences of all-cause in-hospital mortality, ICU admissions, and treatment failure. Hospital length of stay was significantly shorter in the neutropenic group than in the nonneutropenic group.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

In-Hospital Mortality and Related Outcomes for Elevated Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Routine Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110364
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Buckley ◽  
Brandt C. Wible
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Icu Length Of Stay

Purpose To compare in-hospital mortality and other hospitalization related outcomes of elevated risk patients (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index [PESI] score of 4 or 5, and, European Society of Cardiology [ESC] classification of intermediate-high or high risk) with acute central pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using the Inari FlowTriever device versus those treated with routine care (RC). Materials and Methods Retrospective data was collected of all patients with acute, central PE treated at a single institution over 2 concurrent 18-month periods. All collected patients were risk stratified using the PESI and ESC Guidelines. The comparison was made between patients with acute PE with PESI scores of 4 or 5, and, ESC classification of intermediate-high or high risk based on treatment type: MT and RC. The primary endpoint evaluated was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, total hospital length of stay, and 30-day readmission. Results Fifty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 28 in the MT group and 30 in the RC group. Most RC patients were treated with systemic anticoagulation alone (24 of 30). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower for the MT group than for the RC group (3.6% vs 23.3%, P < .05), as was the average ICU length of stay (2.1 ± 1.2 vs 6.1 ± 8.6 days, P < .05). Total hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission rates were similar between MT and RC groups. Conclusion Initial retrospective comparison suggests MT can improve in-hospital mortality and decrease ICU length of stay for patients with acute, central PE of elevated risk (PESI 4 or 5, and, ESC intermediate-high or high risk).

scholarly journals 132 Physical Function Comparison of Acutely Unwell COVID-Negative Older Adults Pre-Pandemic and Through-Pandemic; “Covid-Protected”

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i12-i42
Author(s):  
S Ritchie ◽  
C Snape ◽  
N Triteos ◽  
R Vamadevan ◽  
L Olesk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Elderly Mobility

Abstract Introduction The risk of severe morbidity after COVID-19 infection is high in older adults (Lithander et al, 2020). Subsequent responsive UK Government guidance for older adults included self-isolation during the pandemic. It is therefore hypothesised that during the pandemic older adults are inadvertently deconditioned due to iatrogenic factors such as inactivity, social isolation, hospital-avoidance and malnutrition, and present with reduced resilience to illness and lower levels of function. The OPU continued to admit COVID-negative, or recently termed “COVID-protected”, patients throughout the pandemic. Data captured prior to, and during the COVID-19 pandemic has been compared to explore the implications on older adults, and elicit whether they are protected from the consequences of the pandemic? Method Demographic and physical function data (average 6 m gait-speed, Elderly Mobility Scale) were captured pre- and through-pandemic for all patients admitted to a COVID-negative OPU ward over a one month period. Ethical review was provided through local Trust governance process. Results Pre-pandemic 2019 (n = 67, mean(±SD) age 82.7(±8.2) years, 61%, hospital length-of-stay (LOS) 7.9(±7.3) days, hospital mortality-rate 7.2%) and through-pandemic 2020 (n = 73, 83.1(±8.3) years, 59%♀, LOS 9.0(±9.1) days, hospital mortality-rate 7.5%) data were captured during July 2019 and May 2020 respectively. There were no between-group differences in age [t(−.313) = 138, p = 0.755], gender [X2, 1 df, p = 0.782], LOS [t(0.78) = 134, p = 0.44], or hospital mortality-rate [X2 1 df, p = 0.96]. Through-pandemic patients had a significantly slower 6 m gait-speed (0.11(±0.05) m.s-1) than pre-pandemic (0.16(±0.24) m.s-1); [t(2.74) = 93, p = 0.007] and lower median (IQR) Elderly Mobility Scale (4(6 IQR) vs 9 (12 IQR) [u = 866, p = 0.015]). Conclusion Our data indicates this relatively short period of self-isolation might have significant implications on the physical function of older adults. The likely mechanism is iatrogenic deconditioning. Critical Public Health and policy responses are required to mitigate these unforeseen risks by deploying prehabilitative counter-measures and accurately targeted hospital and community rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Serum Creatinine and Uric Acid Levels of Hypothyroid Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haque Khan ◽  
I Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones which, in turn, results in a generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. It is associated with many biochemical abnormalities including increased serum creatinine and uric acid levels. We reviewed more than 30 articles and a good number of textbooks to evaluate serum creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients. We found both these parameters are significantly higher in hypothyroid patients. Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) also affect thyroid function in many ways leading to decreased T3 and T4. So, it is important for clinicians to differentiate between chronic kidney diseases and hypothyroidism with respect to their causal and consequential entities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i2.13814 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(2): 61-63

scholarly journals Effective Antibiotic Conservation by Emergency Antimicrobial Stewardship During a Drug Shortage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hsueh ◽  
Maria Reyes ◽  
Tamara Krekel ◽  
Ed Casabar ◽  
David J. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Drug Shortage ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Formulary Restriction

We present the first description of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) used to successfully manage a multi-antimicrobial drug shortage. Without resorting to formulary restriction, meropenem utilization decreased by 69% and piperacillin-tazobactam by 73%. During the shortage period, hospital mortality decreased (P=.03), while hospital length of stay remained unchanged.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:356–359

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