The impact of chemosensory dysfunctions on weight loss

Background: The role of chemosensory senses (olfaction, taste, and trigeminal) is crucial, and their dysfunctions profoundly affect the quality of life, potentially impacting eating behaviors. However, it is unclear which chemosensory symptoms could lead to undernutrition. This study aims to investigate which findings in patients' smell and taste workup are predictors of weight loss. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on a validated questionnaire consecutively given to adult patients presented in smell and taste consultations during a 10-year period. Psychophysical tests were used to measure chemosensory function (Sniffin' Sticks, taste powder, and Taste Strips tests). Results: We included 555 patients (307 females) with a median age of 51 years (IQR 23). Among them, 76 (13.7%) reported involuntary weight loss due to chemosensory disorders occurred over periods ranging from 3 to 36 months. We found that the odds of losing weight were 2.1 times higher when patients reported changes in aroma perception (p-value=0.012; 95% CI 1.15 - 3.83). Parosmia, but not phantosmia nor smell loss, was a significant predictor of weight loss (OR 2.22; p-value=0.015; 95% CI 1.17 - 4.2). Furthermore, the duration of symptoms for more than two years was protective for weight loss (OR 0.44; p-value=0.014; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.85). Regarding putative etiologies, post-traumatic chemosensory dysfunction was also a significant predictor (OR 2.08; p-value=0.039; 95% CI 1.04 - 4.16). Concerning psychophysical tests, we found that the probability of a patient to present weight loss increased by 8% for every 1-unit reduction in Taste Strips score (p-value=0.006; 95% CI 0.87 - 0.98). Conclusion: We recommend investigating weight loss in smell and taste consultations, especially when patients report changes in aroma perception, parosmia, duration of symptoms for less than two years, head injury, and when low Taste Strips score is measured.

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Desire to Be Underweight: Exploratory Study on a Weight Loss App Community and User Perceptions of the Impact on Disordered Eating Behaviors

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/mhealth.6683 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. e150 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elizabeth Victoria Eikey ◽

Madhu C Reddy ◽

Kayla M Booth ◽

Lynette Kvasny ◽

Johnna L Blair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽

User Perceptions ◽

The Impact

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Routine intraoperative jejunostomy placement and minimally invasive oesophagectomy: an unnecessary step?†

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/ejcts/ezz063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 746-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tiuri E Kroese ◽

Leonidas Tapias ◽

Jacqueline K Olive ◽

Lena E Trager ◽

Christopher R Morse

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Perioperative Outcomes ◽

P Value ◽

Oral Nutrition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Minimally Invasive Oesophagectomy ◽

The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Adequate nutrition is challenging after oesophagectomy. A jejunostomy is commonly placed during oesophagectomy for nutritional support. However, some patients develop jejunostomy-related complications and the benefit over oral nutrition alone is unclear. This study aims to assess jejunostomy-related complications and the impact of intraoperative jejunostomy placement on weight loss and perioperative outcomes in patients with oesophageal cancer treated with minimally invasive Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy (MIE). METHODS: From a prospectively maintained database, patients were identified who underwent MIE with gastric reconstruction. Between 2007 and 2016, a jejunostomy was routinely placed during MIE. After 2016, a jejunostomy was not utilized. Postoperative feeding was performed according to a standardized protocol and similar for both groups. The primary outcomes were jejunostomy-related complications, relative weight loss at 3 and 6 months postoperative and perioperative outcomes, including anastomotic leak, pneumonia and length of stay, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were included, of whom 135 patients (72%) received a jejunostomy. Ten patients (7.4%) developed jejunostomy-related complications, of whom 30% developed more than 1 complication. There was no significant difference in weight loss between groups at 3 months (P = 0.73) and 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.68) and in perioperative outcomes (P-value >0.999, P = 0.591 and P = 0.513, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a routine intraoperative jejunostomy appears to be an unnecessary step in patients undergoing MIE. Intraoperative jejunostomy placement is associated with complications without improving weight loss or perioperative outcomes. Its use should be tailored to individual patient characteristics. Early oral nutrition allows patients to maintain an adequate nutritional status.

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Efficacy of Liraglutide: GLP 1 Receptor Agonist on Glycemic Control and Weight Loss among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-1/008 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Jehangir

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Care Center ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Health Care Center ◽

The Impact

Background: American Diabetes Association (ADA) made conspicuous changes in its 2019 Standards of Care Diabetes guidelines by choosing Glucagon like Polypeptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists and Sodium Glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as the second line treatment options after metformin because both classes of drugs are cardiovascular friendly as proved in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOT) trials. GLP analogs show massive weight loss benefits apart from offering good glycemic control. We aimed to determine the impact of liraglutide on correction of hyperglycemia and body weight in Asian population. Methods: A cross sectional pre-post observational study enrolling 49 Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood glucose, 15 years and above who agreed to use liraglutide apart from standard care, for glycemic control were recruited in the study. Study site was general practice clinic in Clifton and family medicine health care center Ziauddin University. Pre and post treatment HbA1C and BMI were observed after adding on Liraglutide 1.8 mg to metformin 1 gm bid, over a period of 12 weeks. Differences in the changes in BMI and HbA1C were examined using McNemar’s test. Results: Mean age of the participants was 44.4 years. Duration of Diabetes was 65.1 months i.e. 5.4 years. At week 12, liraglutide 1.8 mg significantly reduced HbA1C levels by 0.94% (8.53+1.07 vs. 7.56+1.04 p-value <0.05) and BMI by 6.2kg (37.23+ 5.3 vs. 31.27.6+5.5 p-value <0.05) statistically significant. Conclusion: Liraglutide 1.8 mg over a period of 12 weeks, significantly reduced body weight (6.2kg p-value 0.05) and improved glycemic control (0.94% p-value<0.05) without causing hypoglycemia.

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Knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0185 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Kumar ◽

Priyanka Kumari ◽

Ruchika Gupta ◽

Siddharth Kumar Singh ◽

Shruti Sinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Dental Health ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

P Value ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pictorial Warnings ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is most common cancer globally and is one of the most life-threatening conditions worldwide.AimTo assess the knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and the impact of pictorial warnings on the willingness to quit tobacco in young tobacco consumers in India.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 250 young tobacco consumers from Ranchi, Jharkhand. A pretested validated questionnaire was used that collected information on knowledge and awareness of oral cancer from the respondents. The responses were estimated on a three-point scale (No/Don’t know/Yes). p-Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe majority of the respondents were aware of oral cancer (92.0%). Educational status was significantly associated with a good knowledge of awareness of oral cancer and its associated risk factors (p-Value <0.05). Media was identified as the main source for spreading oral cancer awareness (69.1%). The majority of the people were aware of the pictorial warnings on tobacco products (96.1%). However, the pictorial warnings seem to have a very low impact on willingness to quit tobacco by the respondents (20.0%).ConclusionAlternative strategies need to be employed by the government to motivate people to quit tobacco consumption. Dental health education should be provided and educational pamphlets should be distributed to create awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption.

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Effect of HIIT versus MICT on body composition and energy intake in dietary restrained and unrestrained adolescents with obesity

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2019-0160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 437-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maud Miguet ◽

Nicole S. Fearnbach ◽

Lore Metz ◽

Marwa Khammassi ◽

Valérie Julian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Continuous Training ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Unrestrained Eaters ◽

The Impact

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an effective alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) that can yield improvements in a variety of health outcomes. Yet, despite the urgent need to find effective strategies for the treatment of pediatric obesity, only a few studies have addressed the impact of HIIT on eating behaviors and body composition in this population. This study aimed to compare the effect of HIIT versus MICT on eating behaviors in adolescents with obesity and to assess if the participants’ baseline dietary status is associated with the success of the intervention. Forty-three adolescents with obesity were randomly assigned to a 16-week MICT or HIIT intervention. Body composition and 24-h ad libitum energy intake were assessed at baseline and at the end of the program. Restrained eating, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire at baseline. Both interventions led to significant weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass percentage (FM%) reductions, with better improvements in FM% in the HIIT group; whereas 24-h ad libitum energy intake increased to a similar extent in both groups. HIIT provides better body composition improvements over MICT, despite a similar increase in energy intake. Restrained eaters experienced less weight loss and smaller BMI reduction compared with unrestrained eaters; higher baseline cognitively restrained adolescents showed a greater increase of their ad libitum energy intake. Novelty HIIT favors better body composition improvements compared with MICT. Both MICT and HIIT increased ad libitum energy intake in adolescents with obesity. Weight loss achievement is better among unrestrained eaters.

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Weight-related teasing and non-normative eating behaviors as predictors of weight loss maintenance. A longitudinal mediation analysis

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Claudia Hübner ◽

Sabrina Baldofski ◽

Ross D. Crosby ◽

Astrid Müller ◽

Martina de Zwaan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Weight Loss Maintenance ◽

Longitudinal Mediation ◽

Predictors Of Weight Loss

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The Impact of Depressive Symptoms on the Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Jazan Region, KSA

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399814666181002100223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 288-293

Author(s):

Osama B. Albasheer

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Short Form ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

The Impact

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of depressive symptoms on the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional study of 332 T2DM patients aged ≥18 years living in Jazan region of Saudi Arabia was conducted. Validated questionnaire was used for demographic and disease characteristics. Depressive symptoms of the participants were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) was utilized to assess the degree of life enjoyment and satisfaction. Results: Depressive symptoms were observed in 34.7% (112) of the total participants. The overall sense of wellbeing (mean 3.23, P. value 0.000), physical (mean 3.37, P. value 0.003), psychosocial (mean 2.99 P. value 0.000) and social domains (mean 3.53, P. value 0.000) of quality of life were significantly reduced in T2DM patients with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The impact of depressive symptoms on quality of life of T2DM patients was more significant than the impact of diabetes alone. Symptoms of depression reduce the individual coping and hence reduce functioning. This study emphasizes the vital importance of an integrated holistic approach that addresses both the practical and emotional issues in diabetes care.

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Impact of educational preeclampsia prevention booklet on knowledge and adherence to low dose aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Rella Indah Karunia ◽

Anita Purnamayanti ◽

Fransiscus O.H. Prasetyadi

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Low Dose ◽

P Value ◽

Dose Aspirin ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Low Dose Aspirin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum bleeding and pregnancy induced hypertension – including preeclampsia – remain to be a great cause of maternal mortality. The use of aspirin for preventing preeclampsia has been practiced recently by fetomaternal specialists in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the impact of education using an aspirin booklet provided by pharmacists on knowledge and adherence in taking aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia.MethodsThis was one group of pretest-posttest study. We enrolled all pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia screened at 11+0–13+6 weeks’ gestation at Fetomaternal Clinic, Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya. All subjects prescribed with low-dose aspirin (100 mg) for preeclampsia prevention received oral and written education using the aspirin booklet and had been followed up for 2 months. Knowledge about aspirin for preeclampsia prevention was measured by a validated questionnaire developed for this study. Adherence to aspirin was measured by pill count method.ResultsA total of 12 pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia were included during the study period. This study showed a statistically significant difference on knowledge of preeclampsia prevention before and after receiving oral and written education using aspirin booklet (p-value = 0.020), as well as aspirin adherence (p-value = 0.011).ConclusionThe use of oral education and written aspirin booklet provided by pharmacists had impact on knowledge of preeclampsia prevention and adherence in taking aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia. We recommend to conduct randomized control study of adequate number of subjects.

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Drivers of weight loss in a CDC-recognized digital diabetes prevention program

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefanie L Painter ◽

Wei Lu ◽

Jennifer Schneider ◽

Roberta James ◽

Bimal Shah

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Diabetes Prevention ◽

Diabetes Prevention Program ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Using Data ◽

Predictors Of Weight Loss ◽

Design And Methods ◽

The Impact

IntroductionTo investigate the impact of the digital Livongo Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) on weight at 12 months, understand participants’ self-monitoring behaviors associated with greater weight loss, and evaluate the impact of coaching interactions on more frequent self-monitoring behaviors.Research design and methodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data from 2037 participants enrolled in the Livongo DPP who completed lesson 1 and recorded a starting weight during 2016–2017. Self-monitoring behaviors, including weigh-ins, food logging, activity, and coach–participant interactions, were analyzed at 6 and 12 months. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on those who were highly engaged versus those minimally engaged. Multiple regression analysis was performed using demographic, self-monitoring, and lesson attendance data to determine predictors of weight loss at 12 months and coaching impact on self-monitoring.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 50 years (SD ±12), with a starting weight of 94 kg (SD ±21), were college-educated (78%), and were female (74%). Overall, participants lost on average 5.1% of their starting weight. Highly engaged participants lost 6.6% of starting body weight, with 25% losing ≥10% at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed each submitted food log was associated with 0.23 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, each lesson completed was associated with 0.14 kg (p<0.05) weight loss, and a week of 150 active minutes was associated with 0.1 kg (p<0.01) weight loss. One additional coach–participant message each week was associated with 1.4 more food logs per week, 1.6% increase in weeks with four or more weigh-ins, and a 2.7% increase in weeks with 150 min of activity.ConclusionsFood logging had the largest impact on weight loss, followed by lesson engagement and physical activity. Future studies should examine further opportunities to deliver nutrition-based content to increase and sustain weight loss for DPP.

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