scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 triggered excessive inflammation and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuoyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response

Specific roles of gut microbes in COVID-19 progression are critical. However, the circumstantial mechanism remains elusive. In this study, shotgun metagenomic or metatranscriptomic sequencing were performed on fecal samples collected from 13 COVID-19 patients and controls. We analyzed the structure of gut microbiota, identified the characteristic bacteria and selected biomarkers. Further, GO, KEGG and eggNOG annotation were employed to correlate the taxon alteration and corresponding functions. The gut microbiota of COVID-19 patients was characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of commensals. The abundance of Bacteroides spp. displayed an inverse relationship to COVID-19 severity, whereas Actinomyces oris, Escherichia coli, and Gemmiger formicilis were positively correlated with disease severity. The genes encoding oxidoreductase were significantly enriched in SARS-CoV-2 infection. KEGG annotation indicated that the expression of ABC transporter was up regulated, while the synthesis pathway of butyrate was aberrantly reduced. Furthermore, increased metabolism of lipopolysaccharide, polyketide sugar, sphingolipids and neutral amino acids was found. These results suggested the gut microbiome of COVID-19 patients was correlated with disease severity and in a state of excessive inflammatory response. Healthy gut microbiota may enhance antiviral defenses via butyrate metabolism, whereas the accumulation of opportunistic and inflammatory bacteria may exacerbate the disease progression.

Ginseng ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue potentially by regulating the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Jin-Di Xu ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Ming Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced

WEG showed strong anti-EF effects by the beneficial effects of saccharides and ginsenosides on gut microbiota, then energy metabolism abnormality, lipid peroxidation and metabolic disorder as well as inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Members of the Conserved DedA Family Are Likely Membrane Transporters and Are Required for Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar ◽  
William T. Doerrler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acidic Amino Acids ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTBacterial resistance to antibiotics and biocides is an increasing public health problem. Genes encoding integral membrane proteins belonging to the DedA family are present in most bacterial genomes, includingEscherichia coli. AnE. colistrain lacking partially redundant DedA family genesyqjAandyghB(strain BC202) displays temperature sensitivity and cell division defects. These phenotypes can be corrected by overexpression ofmdfA, an Na+-K+/H+antiporter of the major facilitator superfamily. We show that BC202 is hypersensitive to several biocides and cationic compounds that are known substrates of several multidrug resistance transporters, including MdfA, EmrE, and AcrB. The introduction of deletions of genes encoding these drug transporters into BC202 results in additional sensitivity. Expression of wild-typeyghBoryqjAcan restore drug resistance, but this is eliminated upon mutation of two membrane-embedded acidic amino acids (E39 or D51 in either protein). This dependence upon membrane-embedded acidic amino acids is a hallmark of proton-dependent antiporters. Overexpression ofmdfAin BC202 or artificially restoring proton motive force (PMF) restores wild-type resistance to substrates of MdfA as well as other drug resistance transporters such as EmrE and AcrAB. These results suggest that YqjA and YghB may be membrane transporters required for PMF-dependent drug efflux inE. coli.

scholarly journals In silico Prediction and Prioritization of Novel Selective Antimicrobial Drug Targets in Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Frida Svanberg Frisinger ◽  
Bimal Jana ◽  
Stefano Donadio ◽  
Luca Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Essential Proteins ◽  
Alignment Length

Novel antimicrobials interfering with pathogen-specific targets can minimize the risk of perturbations of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) during therapy. We employed an in silico approach to identify essential proteins in Escherichia coli that are either absent or have low sequence identity in seven beneficial taxa of the gut microbiota: Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium. We identified 36 essential proteins that are present in hyper-virulent E. coli ST131 and have low similarity (bitscore < 50 or identity < 30% and alignment length < 25%) to proteins in mammalian hosts and beneficial taxa. Of these, 35 are also present in Klebsiella pneumoniae. None of the proteins are targets of clinically used antibiotics, and 3D structure is available for 23 of them. Four proteins (LptD, LptE, LolB and BamD) are easily accessible as drug targets due to their location in the outer membrane, especially LptD, which contains extracellular domains. Our results indicate that it may be possible to selectively interfere with essential biological processes in Enterobacteriaceae that are absent or mediated by unrelated proteins in beneficial taxa residing in the gut. The identified targets can be used to discover antimicrobial drugs effective against these opportunistic pathogens with a decreased risk of causing dysbiosis.

Expression of bacteriophage ϕEa1h lysozyme in Escherichia coli and its activity in growth inhibition of Erwinia amylovora

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2707-2714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Sik Kim ◽  
Heike Salm ◽  
Klaus Geider
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance Cassette ◽  
Genes Encoding

A 3·3 kb fragment from Erwinia amylovora phage ϕEa1h in plasmid pJH94 was previously characterized and found to contain an exopolysaccharide depolymerase (dpo) gene and two additional ORFs encoding 178 and 119 amino acids. ORF178 (lyz) and ORF119 (hol) were found to overlap by 19 bp and they resembled genes encoding lysozymes and holins. In nucleotide sequence alignments, lyz had structurally conserved regions with residues important for lysozyme function. The lyz gene was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Active lysozyme was detected only when E. coli cells with the lyz gene and a kanamycin-resistance cassette were grown in the presence of kanamycin. Growth of Erw. amylovora was inhibited after addition of enzyme exceeding a threshold for lysozyme to target cells. When immature pears were soaked in lysates of induced cells, symptoms such as ooze formation and necrosis were retarded or inhibited after inoculation with Erw. amylovora.

Expression of Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma viride xylanases in Escherichia coli

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing L. Sung ◽  
Catherine K. Luk ◽  
Benedict Chan ◽  
Warren Wakarchuk ◽  
Makoto Yaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Synthetic Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Synthetic genes encoding the 190 amino acid Trichoderma reesei xylanase II (TrX) and the closely related Trichoderma viride xylanases have been synthesized in a two-step procedure. Initially, a partial gene encoding amino acids 92–190 was constructed in fusion with the N-terminal half of the Bacillus circulons xylanase (BcX). The remaining BcX gene sequence was replaced during the assembly of the coding sequence for amino acids 1–91. Expression of the synthetic genes in Escherichia coli yielded recombinant xylanases with specific activity generally identical with the natural TrX. However, the recombinant TrX showed thermostability and temperature optimum lower than those of the natural TrX, thus indicating that the posttranslational modifications of the latter in its fungal host are essential to its greater stability. A mutation N19K further decreased the thermostability of the recombinant TrX.Key words: xylanase, thermostability.

scholarly journals In Silico Prediction and Prioritisation of Novel Selective Antimicrobial Drug Targets in Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Svanberg Frisinger ◽  
Bimal Jana ◽  
Stefano Donadio ◽  
Luca Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Outer Membrane Biogenesis ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Abstract Treatment of infections caused by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae often requires broad-spectrum antimicrobials, which cause perturbations of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Novel antimicrobial drugs interfering with pathogen-specific targets would minimize the risk of such dysbiosis. Here, we employed an in silico approach to identify essential proteins in E. coli, including pathogenic ST131, that are either absent or have low homology to humans and beneficial taxa of the gut microbiota. We identified 37 potential new targets with little or no homology to the proteomes seven taxa representative of the healthy gut microbiota. The suitability of these proteins as drug targets was further analysed through essentiality and conservation in the closely related pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. None of them are targets of commercially used antibiotics. Eighteen proteins are involved in four functionally connected essential biological processes (replication, chromosome segregation, cell division, and outer membrane biogenesis). Our results indicate that it may be possible to selectively interfere with essential biological processes in Enterobacteriaceae that are absent or mediated by unrelated proteins in beneficial bacterial taxa residing in the gut. The identified targets can be used to discover antimicrobial drugs that are effective against these opportunistic pathogens with a decreased potential of causing dysbiosis.

Gastrointestinal Interaction between Dietary Amino Acids and Gut Microbiota: With Special Emphasis on Host Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abedin Abdallah ◽  
Evera Elemba ◽  
Qingzhen Zhong ◽  
Zewei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals is host to a complex community of different microorganisms whose activities significantly influence host nutrition and health through enhanced metabolic capabilities, protection against pathogens, and regulation of the gastrointestinal development and immune system. New molecular technologies and concepts have revealed distinct interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary amino acids (AAs) especially in relation to AA metabolism and utilization in resident bacteria in the digestive tract, and these interactions may play significant roles in host nutrition and health as well as the efficiency of dietary AA supplementation. After the protein is digested and AAs and peptides are absorbed in the small intestine, significant levels of endogenous and exogenous nitrogenous compounds enter the large intestine through the ileocaecal junction. Once they move in the colonic lumen, these compounds are not markedly absorbed by the large intestinal mucosa, but undergo intense proteolysis by colonic microbiota leading to the release of peptides and AAs and result in the production of numerous bacterial metabolites such as ammonia, amines, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), hydrogen sulfide, organic acids, and phenols. These metabolites influence various signaling pathways in epithelial cells, regulate the mucosal immune system in the host, and modulate gene expression of bacteria which results in the synthesis of enzymes associated with AA metabolism. This review aims to summarize the current literature relating to how the interactions between dietary amino acids and gut microbiota may promote host nutrition and health.

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