In Silico Prediction and Prioritisation of Novel Selective Antimicrobial Drug Targets in Escherichia Coli
Abstract Treatment of infections caused by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae often requires broad-spectrum antimicrobials, which cause perturbations of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Novel antimicrobial drugs interfering with pathogen-specific targets would minimize the risk of such dysbiosis. Here, we employed an in silico approach to identify essential proteins in E. coli, including pathogenic ST131, that are either absent or have low homology to humans and beneficial taxa of the gut microbiota. We identified 37 potential new targets with little or no homology to the proteomes seven taxa representative of the healthy gut microbiota. The suitability of these proteins as drug targets was further analysed through essentiality and conservation in the closely related pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. None of them are targets of commercially used antibiotics. Eighteen proteins are involved in four functionally connected essential biological processes (replication, chromosome segregation, cell division, and outer membrane biogenesis). Our results indicate that it may be possible to selectively interfere with essential biological processes in Enterobacteriaceae that are absent or mediated by unrelated proteins in beneficial bacterial taxa residing in the gut. The identified targets can be used to discover antimicrobial drugs that are effective against these opportunistic pathogens with a decreased potential of causing dysbiosis.