scholarly journals Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of marine nematode Litoditis marina acclimated to different salinities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusu Xie ◽  
Liusuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Living Organisms

Salinity is a critical abiotic factor for all living organisms. The ability to adapt to different salinity environments determines an organism′s survival and ecological niches. Litoditis marina is a euryhaline marine nematode widely distributed in coastal ecosystems all over the world, although numerous genes involved in its salinity response have been reported, the adaptive mechanisms underlying its euryhalinity remain unexplored. Here, we utilized worms which have been acclimated to either low salinity or high salinity conditions and evaluated their basal gene expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We found that several conserved regulators, including osmolytes biosynthesis genes, transthyretin-like family genes, V-type H+-transporting ATPase and potassium channel genes, were involved in both short-term salinity stress response and long-term acclimation processes. In addition, we identified genes related to cell volume regulation, such as actin regulatory genes, Rho family small GTPases and diverse ion transporters, might contribute to hyposaline acclimation, while the glycerol biosynthesis genes gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 accompanied hypersaline acclimation in L. marina. Furthermore, gpdh-2 might play an essential role in transgenerational inheritance of osmotic stress protection in L. marina as in its relative nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Hereby, this study paves the way for further in-depth exploration on adaptive mechanisms underlying euryhalinity, and may also contribute to the studies of healthy ecosystems in the context of global climate change.

scholarly journals On the Diversification of the Translation Apparatus across Eukaryotes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greco Hernández ◽  
Christopher G. Proud ◽  
Thomas Preiss ◽  
Armen Parsyan
Keyword(s):  
Model Organisms ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Translation Apparatus ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Organismal Complexity ◽  
Living Organisms

Diversity is one of the most remarkable features of living organisms. Current assessments of eukaryote biodiversity reaches 1.5 million species, but the true figure could be several times that number. Diversity is ingrained in all stages and echelons of life, namely, the occupancy of ecological niches, behavioral patterns, body plans and organismal complexity, as well as metabolic needs and genetics. In this review, we will discuss that diversity also exists in a key biochemical process, translation, across eukaryotes. Translation is a fundamental process for all forms of life, and the basic components and mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes have been largely established upon the study of traditional, so-called model organisms. By using modern genome-wide, high-throughput technologies, recent studies of many nonmodel eukaryotes have unveiled a surprising diversity in the configuration of the translation apparatus across eukaryotes, showing that this apparatus is far from being evolutionarily static. For some of the components of this machinery, functional differences between different species have also been found. The recent research reviewed in this article highlights the molecular and functional diversification the translational machinery has undergone during eukaryotic evolution. A better understanding of all aspects of organismal diversity is key to a more profound knowledge of life.

scholarly journals A developmental biologist’s journey to rediscover the Zen of plant physiology

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Dinneny
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function

Physiology, which is often viewed as a field of study distinct from development, is technically defined as the branch of biology that explores the normal function of living organisms and their parts. Because plants normally develop continuously throughout their life, plant physiology actually encompasses all developmental processes. Viewing plant biology from a physiologist’s perspective is an attempt to understand the interconnectedness of development, form, and function in the context of multidimensional complexity in the environment. To meet the needs of an expanding human population and a degrading environment, we must understand the adaptive mechanisms that plants use to acclimate to environmental change, and this will require a more holistic approach than is used by current molecular studies. Grand challenges for studies on plant physiology require a more sophisticated understanding of the environment that plants grow in, which is likely to be at least as complex as the plant itself. Moving the lab to the field and using the field for inspiration in the lab need to be expressly promoted by the community as we work to apply the basic concepts learned through reductionist approaches toward a more integrated and realistic understanding of the plant.

scholarly journals Through the eyes of a pathogen: light perception and signal transduction inAcinetobacter baumannii

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pezza ◽  
Marisel Tuttobene ◽  
Inés Abatedaga ◽  
Lorena Valle ◽  
Claudio D. Borsarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Living Organisms

Sunlight is a ubiquitous environmental stimulus for the great majority of living organisms on Earth; therefore it is logical to expect the development of “seeing mechanisms” which lead them to successfully adapt to particular ecological niches.

scholarly journals Modeling Systemic Colorimetric Parameters as a Tool for Processing Images of Clumps of Toxic Cyanobacteria Targeted at Their Boundaries Detection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Bespalov ◽  
K. V. Nosov ◽  
P. S. Kabalyants
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Remote Detection ◽  
Dynamical Modeling ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractGlobal climate change, along with other large-scale consequences of human impact upon the nature, increases the risk of biosafety threats associated with the disturbance of stability of communities of living organisms. In this regard, the topicality of the challenge of developing methods for monitoring and correcting homeostasis mechanisms that can support this stability is a problem of premium importance.The work aims at investigation of techniques of remote detection of toxic cyanobacteria clumps in water area, with the use of dynamical modeling.

scholarly journals Intergyre Salt Transport in the Climate Warming Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Levang ◽  
Raymond W. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Subpolar Gyre ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTRegional connectivity is important to the global climate salinity response, particularly because salinity anomalies do not have a damping feedback with atmospheric freshwater fluxes and may therefore be advected over long distances by ocean circulation, resulting in nonlocal influences. Climate model intercomparison experiments such as CMIP5 exhibit large uncertainty in some aspects of the salinity response, hypothesized here to be a result of ocean dynamics. We use two types of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments to investigate pathways of exchange for salinity anomalies. The first uses forward trajectories to estimate average transport time scales between water cycle regimes. The second uses reverse trajectories and a freshwater accumulation method to quantitatively identify remote influences in the salinity response. Additionally, we compare velocity fields with both resolved and parameterized eddies to understand the impact of eddy stirring on intergyre exchange. These experiments show that surface anomalies are readily exchanged within the ocean gyres by the mean circulation, but intergyre exchange is slower and largely eddy driven. These dynamics are used to analyze the North Atlantic salinity response to climate warming and water cycle intensification, where the system is broadly forced with fresh surface anomalies in the subpolar gyre and salty surface anomalies in the subtropical gyres. Under these competing forcings, strong intergyre eddy fluxes carry anomalously salty subtropical water into the subpolar gyre which balances out much of the local freshwater input.

Outlook: Crustaceans in the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
pp. 464-492
Author(s):  
Karolina Bącela-Spychalska ◽  
Gary C. B. Poore ◽  
Michał Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Global Climate Warming ◽  
Freshwater Acidification ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Natural Dispersal

Since the mid-20th century we have been living in a new geological epoch, Anthropocene, characterized by an overwhelming impact of human activity on the Earth’s ecosystems, leading to mass species extinction by habitat destruction, pollution, global climate warming, and homogenization of biota by intra- and intercontinental transfer of species. Crustaceans are among the most diverse and species-rich animal groups inhabiting predominantly aquatic ecosystems, listed as among the most threatened ecosystems. Global threats include ocean and freshwater acidification, eutrophication, pesticide, hormone and antibiotic load, coastline modification, habitat destruction, overharvesting, and the introduction of invasive species. Many crustaceans are threatened by human-induced modifications of habitats, while others are themselves threats—crustaceans are among the most common invasive species. Those non-indigenous species, when established and integrated, become important components of existing communities, strongly influencing other components directly and indirectly, including by species replacement. They are a threat mostly to species with similar ecological niches, most often to other crustaceans. It is hard to be optimistic about the future of crustacean biodiversity. We may rather expect that growing human pressure will variously further accelerate the non-natural dispersal and extinction rate.

scholarly journals Plant hormesis and Shelford’s tolerance law curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Erofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Range ◽  
Ecological Optimum ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Stress Zone ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractShelford's law of tolerance is illustrated by a bell-shaped curve depicting the relationship between environmental factor/factors’ intensity and its favorability for species or populations. It is a fundamental basis of ecology when considering the regularities of environment impacts on living systems, and applies in plant biology, agriculture and forestry to manage resistance to environmental limiting factors and to enhance productivity. In recent years, the concept of hormesis has been increasingly used to study the dose–response relationships in living organisms of different complexities, including plants. This requires the need for an analysis of the relationships between the hormetic dose–response model and the classical understanding of plant reactions to environments in terms of Shelford's law of tolerance. This paper analyses various dimensions of the relationships between the hormetic model and Shelford’s tolerance law curve under the influence of natural environmental factors on plants, which are limiting for plants both in deficiency and excess. The analysis has shown that Shelford’s curve and hormetic model do not contradict but instead complement each other. The hormetic response of plants is localized in the stress zone of the Shelford’s curve when adaptive mechanisms are disabled within the ecological optimum. At the same time, in a species range, the ecological optimum is the most favorable combination of all or at least the most important environmental factors, each of which usually deviates slightly from its optimal value. Adaptive mechanisms cannot be completely disabled in the optimum, and hormesis covers optimum and stress zones. Hormesis can modify the plant tolerance range to environmental factors by preconditioning and makes limits of plant tolerance to environmental factors flexible to a certain extent. In turn, as a result of tolerance range evolution, quantitative characteristics of hormesis (width and magnitude of hormetic zone) as well as the range of stimulating doses, may significantly differ in various plant species and even populations and intra-population groups, including plants at different development stages. Using hormetic preconditioning for managing plant resistance to environmental limiting factors provides an important perspective for increasing the productivity of woody plants in forestry.

scholarly journals The variation of the onset of Betula pendula (Roth.) flowering in Rzeszów, SE Poland: fluctuation or trend?

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Organisms

The global rise in air temperature has major implications for ecosystems, populations, ecology of many living organisms, public health as well as economy. Plants, like silver birch (<em>Betula pendula</em> Roth.), strongly respond to the climatic variation. Therefore, the species is a good indicator of the global climate change, especially warming. The phenological observation was undertaken to verify the hypothesis on an acceleration of the start of <em>Betula pendula</em> pollen release in the season. The investigations were carried out in 2000–2015 (16 years) in the Rzeszów area, SE Poland. On average, <em>Betula pendula</em> started to pollinate in the middle of April; the difference between the earliest and latest dates was nearly 1 month. The full pollination started on 18 April, on average. The timing of pollination strongly depended on the course of weather in February and March. The most crucial was temperature in the first half of March. Considering the synergistic impact of meteorological parameters, the most important were temperature and rainfall in January and February, rainfall in March and temperature just before the pollination. It was found that North Atlantic Circulation influenced pollen release in <em>Betula pendula</em>. The positive North Atlantic Oscillation in March and in December–March periods resulted in pollination onset. Tendency towards warmer average annual temperature was recorded, however the timing of phenophases did not follow it. Despite the strong relationship with temperature there was no acceleration of <em>Betula pendula</em> pollination. Probably, the climate warming effect on the onset and duration in <em>Betula pendula</em> phenophases would be detectable in longer than a 16-year period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document