scholarly journals Correlation between faecal microbial taxa and ulcerative colitis in different phases of disease activity in a north Indian cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
garima juyal ◽  
Ajit Sood ◽  
Vandana Midha ◽  
Arshdeep Singh ◽  
Dharmatma Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Mutualistic Association ◽  
Faecal Microbiome ◽  
Active Disease

Objective: A link between gut microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has been established in several studies. However, a few studies have examined specific changes in microbiota associated with different phases of disease activity in UC. In this study, we investigated phenotypic variability underlying genetically distinct north Indian (NI) UC patients by identifying differentially abundant taxa between (i) UC patients and healthy controls and (ii) different disease phases of disease activity. Design: 16S rRNA (V3,V4) sequencing of 105 patients with UC [newly diagnosed (n=14); patients in remission (n=36) and active disease (relapse, n=55)]; and 36 healthy controls was performed. The faecal microbiota composition in different phases of UC disease activity and healthy controls was analysed. Results: Lower gut microbial diversity; enrichment of lactate-producing bacteria namely Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus; and depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae), was observed among UC patients. Subgroup analysis revealed differential abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Faecalibacterium in newly diagnosed UC patients. No discrete microbial features were observed between patients in remission and those with active disease. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a mutualistic association between opportunistic pathogens and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and antagonistic relationship with butyrate-producers. Conclusion: This first faecal microbiome study elucidated dysanaerobiosis; loss of short chain fatty acid producers and enrichment of inflammation associated microbes; population specific differential microbial genera; and microbial signature for early dysbiosis, among NI UC cohort.

Hypovitaminosis D in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Frequency and Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehan Elolemy ◽  
Waleed Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Nasr ◽  
Eman Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Disease

Objectives: was to assess the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to healthy controls and to evaluate its association with disease activity, structural damage and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Serum 25(OH) D in 30 AS male patients was compared to 30 matched healthy controls. AS disease activity was assessed using AS Disease Activity Score and C - reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP). Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) were used to assess the functional impairment and the spinal mobility respectively. Radiological damage was scored according to modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS) and BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in AS patients were significantly lower compared to healthy controls (27.73 ± 14.27 vs. 38.46 ± 8.11ng/ml, P <0.001). Among the patients, 60% exhibited hypovitaminosis D. AS patients with hypovitaminosis D had significantly higher ASDAS-CRP (p<0.001), BASFAI (p=0.0003) and mSASSS (p=0.04) scores. Additionally, BMD and Z scores at lumbar and femoral sites were significantly reduced in the patients with hypovitaminosis D (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD (lumbar and femoral; p=0.002 and p=0.01 respectively) and Z scores (lumbar and femoral; p<0.001and p=0.01 respectively), whereas, negatively correlated with ASDAS-CRP (p<0.001), BASFI (p<0.001), mSASSS (p=0.003). ASDAS -CRP was the only significant predictor of hypovitaminosis D in AS patients. Conclusions: hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among AS patients and is associated with increased risk of active disease, impaired function, radiographic severity and bone mineral loss. Future studies with larger sample size are recommended to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on radiological progression in AS and to address whether or not vitamin D supplementation will help control active disease.

scholarly journals Development of Mucosal PNAd+ and MAdCAM-1+ Venules during Disease Course in Ulcerative Colitis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Britt Roosenboom ◽  
Ellen G. van Lochem ◽  
Jos Meijer ◽  
Carolijn Smids ◽  
Stefan Nierkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Cell Homing ◽  
Colonic Biopsy ◽  
T Cell Homing ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
Active Disease

PNAd and MAdCAM-1 addressins on venules are of importance in T-cell homing and potential therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC). Normally, PNAd+ high endothelial venules (HEVs) are only present in lymphoid organs, whereas small numbers of MAdCAM-1+ venules can be seen in non-lymphoid tissue. We aimed to study their presence in the intestinal mucosa of UC patients at diagnosis and during follow-up, and their correlation with disease activity. Colonic biopsy specimens of 378 UC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, ERG, MECA-79 (PNAd) and MECA-376 (MAdCAM-1) and compared to healthy controls (HC). The proportion of PNAd+HEVs in UC at diagnosis was 4.9% (IQR 2.0%–8.3%), while none were detected in HC. During follow-up, PNAd+HEVs completely disappeared in remission (n = 93), whereas the proportion in active disease was similar to baseline (n = 285, p = 0.39). The proportion of MAdCAM-1+venules in UC at baseline was 5.8% (IQR 2.6–10.0). During follow-up, the proportion in remission was comparable to diagnosis, but upregulated (7.5% (IQR 4.4–10.9), p = 0.001) in active disease. In conclusion, PNAd+HEVs appear in UC during active inflammation which could thus serve as a marker for disease activity, whereas MAdCAM-1+venules remain present after inflammation is resolved and increase after subsequent flares, reflecting chronicity and potentially serving as a therapeutic target.

The Relation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-23 to Th1/Th2 Cytokines and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2046-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO YIN MOK ◽  
HAI JING WU ◽  
YI LO ◽  
CHAK SING LAU
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Active Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Active Lupus ◽  
Active Disease

Objective.Interleukin 17 (IL-17) was recently linked to pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its relation to disease activity has not been well characterized. We examined the relation between serum levels of Th17 (IL-17, IL-23), Th1 (IL-12, interferon-γ), Th2 (IL-10, IL-6, IL-4) cytokines and disease activity in patients with SLE.Methods.Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Disease activity was determined by SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), anti-dsDNA antibody, and C3 and C4 levels.Results.Serum levels of IL-17 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.006) and IL-10 (p < 0.001) were higher in SLE patients (n = 70) compared to healthy controls (n = 36). Higher serum IL-23 level was found in patients with active disease with cutaneous manifestations (p = 0.004) and serositis (p = 0.04) compared to those without. Serum IL-17 level above the detection limit was more frequently found in patients who had active lupus nephritis (11/23, 47.8%) (p = 0.002), nonrenal active disease (9/15, 60%) (p = 0.001), and inactive lupus (21/32, 65.6%) (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls (0%). Serum IL-17 levels were otherwise comparable between these 3 groups of patients and were not related to SLEDAI, glomerular filtration rate, activity or chronicity score and ISN/RPS criteria class among patients with active lupus nephritis. There was no significant correlation between serum IL-17/IL-23 and Th1 or Th2 cytokine levels.Conclusion.SLE patients had higher serum IL-17 levels than healthy controls. Elevated serum IL-23 was found in patients with inflammatory manifestations including cutaneous involvement and serositis. The lack of correlation between Th17, Th1, and Th2 cytokines suggested independent regulatory mechanisms for these cytokines.

scholarly journals Serum Calprotectin (S100A8/A9): A Promising Biomarker in Diagnosis and Follow-up in Different Subgroups of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline La ◽  
Phu Quoc Lê ◽  
Alina Ferster ◽  
Laurence Goffin ◽  
Delphine Spruyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract IntroductionIn the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), there is a lack of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This study assesses the use of serum calprotectin (sCal) as a marker to monitor disease activity, and as a classification and prognosis tool of response to treatment or risk of flares in patients with JIA. MethodsEighty-one patients with JIA from the CAP48 multicentric cohort were included in this study, as well as 11 non-pediatric healthy controls. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to quantify sCal with a commercial kit.ResultsPatients with an active disease compared to healthy controls and to patients with inactive disease showed an 8-fold and a 2-fold increased level of sCal respectively. sCal was found to be correlated with the CRP and even more strongly with the ESR. Evolution of DAS28 scores correlated well with evolution of sCal, as opposed to evolution of CRP. With regard to CRP, sCal could differentiate forms with active oligoarthritis from polyarthritis and systemic forms. However, sCal brought an added value compared to the CRP as a prognosis marker. Indeed, patients with active disease and reaching minimal disease activity (according to JADAS) at 6 months following the test had higher sCal levels, while patients with inactive disease had higher sCal levels if a flare was observed up to 3 to 9 months following the test.ConclusionsThis study confirms the potential uses of serum calprotectin as a biomarker in the diagnosis and follow-up of JIA.

scholarly journals P087 Biomarkers of elastin degradation differentiate between clinically inactive and active disease in ulcerative colitis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S178-S179
Author(s):  
M Pehrsson ◽  
V Domislović ◽  
M A Karsdal ◽  
M Brinar ◽  
A Barisic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Montreal Classification ◽  
Elastin Degradation ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract Background In ulcerative colitis (UC), the state of chronic inflammation results in increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and serine protease activity, which effectively leads to a higher degree of intestinal tissue remodelling, including components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). One of these components is elastin a matrix protein of the interstitial matrix in the lamina propria and submucosa, providing tissue resilience and elasticity. As such, we investigated whether elastin degradation in UC patients was associated with disease activity and severity, potentially enabling patient differentiation based on elastin degradation. Methods Twenty-nine UC patients and 29 healthy donors were included in the study. Disease activity was determined according to the partial Mayo score (pMayo &gt;1) and the Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES). Disease severity and extension was assessed using the Montreal classification. Disease severity was additionally assessed using the Trulove and Witt’s (TW) clinical score. The biomarkers of elastin degradation included: MMP-7 (ELM-7) cathepsin-G (EL-CG) and proteinase-3 (ELP-3), measured in serum by ELISA. One-way ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis) correcting for the false discovery rate were applied for the statistical analysis. Results TW: ELP-3 levels in moderate-to-severe UC patients were significantly elevated in comparison with HD (p &lt; 0.001). Partial Mayo: EL-CG levels in patients with active UC were significantly elevated in comparison with HD (p &lt; 0.01), and UC patients in remission (p &lt; 0.01). ELP-3 levels were likewise significantly elevated in active UC patients compared with HD (p &lt; 0.001), and UC patients in remission (p &lt; 0.01). Montreal classification: ELM-7 was significantly elevated in active UC compared with HD (p &lt; 0.05), and UC patients in remission (p &lt; 0.05). EL-CG were also significantly elevated in active UC compared with HD (p &lt; 0.05), and UC patients in remission (p &lt; 0.05). ELP-3 was significantly elevated in active UC compared with HD (p &lt; 0.01). According to the MES score, ELP-3 levels in moderate-to-severe UC patients were significantly elevated in comparison to HD (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion The data presented in this study demonstrate an association between biomarkers of proteolytic elastin degradation and disease activity in UC patients especially the protease-3-derived biomarker, ELP-3, showed significant association with active UC in all the clinical scoring systems as well as the MES score. Utilising these minimally invasive elastin degradation biomarkers could serve as surrogate markers for monitoring of disease activity and potentially aid the differentiation of patients with an active disease from patients in remission or with a lower disease activity for UC.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin subtype-coated bacteria are correlated with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Masu ◽  
Yoshitake Kanazawa ◽  
Yoichi Kakuta ◽  
Yusuke Shimoyama ◽  
Motoyuki Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Bacteroides Ovatus

AbstractImmune response involving various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subtypes to microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To clarify the presence of Ig-coated bacteria in the intestine and its association with disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), we extracted and classified Ig-coated bacteria from fecal samples of 42 patients with IBD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. The percentage of bacteria coated with IgA and IgM was higher in patients with IBD than in HCs, and IgG-coated bacteria were found only in patients with IBD. Moreover, the percentages of bacteria coated with IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgM in UC samples and IgG3, IgG4, and IgM in CD samples were correlated with disease activities. The proportions of Bacteroides ovatus and Streptococcus increased during the active phase of CD. Hence, the detailed analysis of Ig-coated bacteria and Ig subtypes using flow cytometry could aid in developing useful indicators of disease activity and identifying more disease-related bacteria, which could become novel treatment targets for IBDs.

scholarly journals Altered Profile of Fecal Microbiota in Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Egyptian Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marian A. Gerges ◽  
Noura E. Esmaeel ◽  
Wafaa K. Makram ◽  
Doaa M. Sharaf ◽  
Manar G. Gebriel
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Egyptian Patients

Background. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could promote autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clarifying this point would be of great importance in understanding the pathogenesis and hence the development of new strategies for SLE treatment. Aim. This study aimed to determine the fecal microbiota profile in newly diagnosed SLE patients compared to healthy subjects and to investigate the correlation of this profile with disease activity. Methods. Newly diagnosed SLE patients who fulfilled at least four of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were enrolled during the study period. Patients with lupus were matched to healthy subjects. SLE activity was evaluated using the Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K). Fresh fecal samples were collected from each subject. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied for quantitation of Firmicutes phylum, Bacteroidetes phylum, and Lactobacillus genus in comparison to the total fecal microbiota. Results of patients’ samples were compared to those of healthy subjects and were correlated to patients’ SLEDAI-2K score. Results. Twenty SLE patients’ samples were compared with 20 control samples. There was a significant alteration in SLE patients’ gut microbiota. A significantly lower ( p ≤ 0.001 ) Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in SLE patients (mean ratio: 0.66%) compared to healthy subjects (mean ratio: 1.79%) was found. Lactobacillus showed a significant decrease in SLE patients ( p = 0.006 ) in comparison to healthy controls. An inverse significant correlation between SLEDAI-2K scores for disease activity and F/B ratio (r = −0.451; p = 0.04 ) was found. However, an inverse nonsignificant correlation between SLEDAI-2K scores for disease activity and Lactobacillus (r = −0.155; p = 0.51 ) was detected. Conclusion. Compared to healthy controls, recently diagnosed SLE Egyptian patients have an altered fecal microbiota profile with significant lowering of both F/B ratio and Lactobacillus abundance, which is weakly correlated with disease activity.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Resistance Protein and P-Glycoprotein Expression in Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Therapy-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis Compared with Healthy Controls

Digestion ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Gutmann ◽  
Petr Hruz ◽  
Christian Zimmermann ◽  
Alexander Straumann ◽  
Luigi Terracciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Resistance Protein

scholarly journals P179 The acceptability and utility of United Registries for Clinical Assessment and Research (UR-CARE) database to improve clinical care in a single centre setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S227-S228
Author(s):  
V A Fenech ◽  
N Kamperidis ◽  
T Tyrrell ◽  
L Dyall ◽  
R Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Care Database ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract Background The United Registries for Clinical Assessment and Research (UR-CARE) is a validated pan-European database developed by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) to support clinical practice for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ECCO has published guidelines to reduce variation in care. We examined the value of UR-CARE database to improve care in a cohort of newly-diagnosed IBD patients. Methods All patients with a new diagnosis of IBD within 6 months attended a New Diagnosis Clinic (NDC). Prior to registering patients, the purpose of UR-CARE database was explained. Patients who consented to have their clinical data added to the database signed a consent form. Mandatory fields and additional data that reflected quality of care were inputted. Descriptive statistics summarised the findings. The association between consent and disease activity or gender was examined using a chi-square test and for age using a two-sample t-test. Results Twenty-five out of 29 newly diagnosed patients consented for data inclusion in UR-CARE (13 males). Median age was 44 (range 18–77). Fourteen had ulcerative colitis (UC), 8 had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 3 had unclassified IBD. 8.3% reported extra-intestinal manifestations within 6 months of diagnosis. 17/25 patients had active disease. The patients that did not consent consisted of 2 males, 3/4 had active disease and mean age was 44.4 (SD 16.1) compared with 36.3 (SD 19.4) consenters. Through the database we noted that not all mandatory diagnostic tests were requested at the time of hospital visit: 4/14 UC patients did not have a full colonoscopy and 3/8 CD patients lacked a small bowel imaging or capsule endoscopy. Only 4 out of 14 UC patients and 2 out of 8 CD patients were prescribed steroids within 6 months of their diagnosis. The 7 patients with missing investigations were identified and tests subsequently booked in line with guidelines. There was no association between consent and disease activity (p = 0.78), gender (p = 0.94) and age (p = 0.37). Conclusion In newly diagnosed IBD cohort, most patients consented to inclusion in UR-CARE database. There were no contributing factors associated with patient consent. The easily accessible visualisation of our data detected incomplete diagnostic tests and initiated actions to improve care early on in the disease course. UR-CARE offers potential to deliver high quality IBD care by aligning practice against ECCO guidelines. Attention to data-sharing legal and administrative barriers offers a promise for large scale studies and foster collaborative research networks.

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