scholarly journals A one health approach to investigating an outbreak of alimentary tick-borne encephalitis in a non-endemic area in France (Ain, Eastern France): a longitudinal serological study in livestock, detection in ticks, and the first TBE virus isolation and molecular characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaelle Gonzalez ◽  
Laure Bournez ◽  
Rayane Amaral Moraes ◽  
Marine Dumarest ◽  
Clemence Galon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Full Length Genome

Tick borne encephalitis virus geographic range and human incidence is increasing throughout Europe, putting a number of non-endemic regions and countries at risk of outbreaks. In spring 2020, there was an outbreak of TBE in Ain, Eastern France, where the virus had never been detected before. All patients but one had consumed traditional unpasteurized raw goat cheese from a local producer. We conducted an investigation in the suspected farm using an integrative One Health approach. Our methodology included (i) the detection of virus in cheese and milk products, (ii) serological testing of all animals in the suspected farm and surrounding farms, (iii) an analysis of the landscape and localisation of wooded area, (iv) the capture of questing ticks and small mammals for virus detection and estimating enzootic hazard, and (v) virus isolation and genome sequencing. This approach allowed us to confirm the alimentary origin of the TBE outbreak and to witness in real time the seroconversion of recently exposed individuals and the excretion of virus in goat milk. In addition, we identified a wooded focus area where and around which there is a risk of TBEV exposure. We provide the first TBEV isolate responsible for as a source of dietary contamination in France, obtained its full-length genome sequence, and found that it does not cluster very closely neither with the isolate circulating in Alsace nor with any other isolate within the European lineage. TBEV is now a notifiable human disease in France, which should facilitate surveillance of TBEV incidence and distribution throughout France.

scholarly journals Outbreak of alimentary tick-borne encephalitis in Podlaskie voivodeship, Poland

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Emilia Król ◽  
Bartłomiej Borawski ◽  
Anna Nowicka-Ciełuszecka ◽  
Jadwiga Tarasiuk ◽  
Joanna Zajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Infected Tick ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Medical University

INTRODUCTION. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus remains one of the main etiological agents of central nervous system infections in Europe. The disease occurs endemically in Central and Eastern Europe, Southern part of Russia and Scandinavia. Between 2000 and 2015 there were 3 662 registered TBE cases in Poland and approximately 45% of them were reported in Podlaskie voivodeship. TBE typically develops as a result of being bitten by infected tick, however, it can also be a consequence of ingestion of unpasteurized milk from viremic animal. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the article was to underline to the importance of TBE virus transmission via alimentary route and clinical description of four patients who developed TBE as a result of raw goat milk consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A retrospective analysis of documentation of four patients hospitalized in Observational-Infectious Department of Independent Public Healthcare Centre in Hajnówka and Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections at the Medical University of Bialystok from June 10th 2017 to July 11th 2017 due to alimentary TBE. RESULTS. Patients were between 24 and 36 years of age. They have consumed goat milk from the same source. None of the patients have been vaccinated against TBE virus. In all patients typical biphasic disease course with the presence of prodromal and neurological phase was observed. TBE was confirmed by demonstration of anti-TBE antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of patients. CONCLUSIONS. Diagnosis of TBE should be considered in every case of encephalitis in endemic areas. Due to the risk of TBE infection after consumption of unpasteurized milk from livestock, it is crucial to raise awareness of general population and farm owners about the possibility of TBE infection via alimentary route.

scholarly journals Study Distribute Pathogens of Tick-Borne Infections, Transmitted of Ticks in the South of the Far East

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
E. I. Bondarenko ◽  
A. A. Khvorostyanko ◽  
A. V. Kurlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Southern Far East

The first time was identified by PCR in real time in Ixodes ticks and leukocyte blood fractions of persons tested after a tick bite, the existence of a number of pathogens of tick-borne infections (B. burgdorferi s.l., B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, E. chaffeensis/E. muris, tick-borne encephalitis virus) on two focal areas adjacent to Vladivostok. The infection of I. persulcatus B. burgdorferi s.l. reached 31%, and for the first time identified B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia - 4%. Detection of RNA of TBE virus in 2 cases in epidemiological season in 2014, indicating a low potential epizootological natural focuses of TBE in the southern Far East.

Incidence from coincidence: patterns of tick infestations on rodents facilitate transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. RANDOLPH ◽  
D. MIKLISOVÁ ◽  
J. LYSY ◽  
D. J. ROGERS ◽  
M. LABUDA
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Systemic Infections

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus has a highly focal distribution through Eurasia. Endemic cycles appear to depend on the transmission of non-systemic infections between ticks co-feeding on the same rodent hosts. The particular features of seasonal dynamics and infestation patterns of larval and nymphal Ixodes ricinus, but not Dermacentor reticulatus, from 4 regions within TBE foci in Slovakia, are such as to promote TBE virus transmission. The distributions of larvae and nymphs on their principal rodent hosts are highly aggregated and, rather than being independent, the distributions of each stage are coincident so that the same ca. 20% of hosts feed about three-quarters of both larvae and nymphs. This results in twice the number of infectible larvae feeding alongside potentially infected nymphs compared with the null hypothesis of independent distributions. Overall, co-feeding transmission under these circumstances brings the reproductive number (R0) for TBE virus to a level that accounts quantitatively for maintained endemic cycles. Essential for coincident aggregated distributions of larvae and nymphs is their synchronous seasonal activity. Preliminary comparisons support the prediction of a greater degree of coincident seasonality within recorded TBE foci than outside. This identifies the particular climatic factors that permit such patterns of tick seasonal dynamics as the primary predictors for the focal distribution of TBE.

scholarly journals Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccination Protects from Alimentary TBE Infection: Results from an Alimentary Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Alexander Lindau ◽  
Rainer Oehme ◽  
Malena Bestehorn-Willmann ◽  
Markus Antwerpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
The One

In May 2017, a hospitalized index case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) was confirmed by Serology. The case was linked to alimentary infection by raw milk from a goat farm in the region of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, where no previous TBE cases in the area had been reported before. The TBE focus was confirmed by isolation of the TBE virus from ticks and Serological confirmation of past infection in one of the five flock goats. Additional investigations by the local public health office identified 27 consumers of goat milk at the putative period of exposure. For 20/27 exposed persons, anamnestic information was gained by the local public health office. Twelve/fourteen exposed and non-vaccinated people developed clinical illness and were confirmed as TBE cases by Serology. Five/six vaccinated and exposed people did not develop the disease. The one exposed and vaccinated person had their last TBE vaccination booster more than 15 years ago, and therefore a booster was more than 10 years overdue. None of the regularly vaccinated and exposed persons developed clinical overt TBE infection. We report the first known TBE outbreak, during which, protection by TBE vaccination against alimentary TBE infection was demonstrated.

scholarly journals New tick-borne encephalitis virus hot spot in Northern Zealand, Denmark, October 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N Agergaard ◽  
Maiken W Rosenstierne ◽  
René Bødker ◽  
Morten Rasmussen ◽  
Peter H S Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

During summer 2019, three patients residing by Tisvilde Hegn, Denmark were hospitalised with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) after tick bites. A new TBE virus (TBEV) micro-focus was identified in tick nymphs collected around a playground in Tisvilde Hegn forest. Estimated TBEV prevalence was 8%, higher than in endemic areas around Europe. Whole genome sequencing showed clustering to a TBEV strain from Norway. This is the second time TBEV is found in Ixodes ricinus outside Bornholm, Denmark.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis and distribution of far eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus subtype (Flaviridae, Flavirus, TBEV-FE) from Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
S. I. Belikov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Khabarovsk Krai ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Virus Subtype

To date, a lot of data on molecular genetic characteristics of different tick-borne encephalitis virus strains has appeared. Only on the basis of the E protein genome, sequences of about 1,500 TBEV strains were registered in GenBank.The purpose of the work – revision and comparative analysis of data on complete genomes sequences of the Far Eastern subtype of TBE virus strains distributed in the Asian part of Eurasian continent.Material and methods. The data on the complete genomes of 84 strains of TBEV isolated in Asia were used; phylogenetic analysis was performed.Results and discussion: it was shown that variants of the TBEV of the Far Eastern subtype are circulating here and form three separate clusters (Sofjin, Senzhang- и Shkotovo-like strains). Sofjin strain (Sofjin-1953, Sofjin-Chumakov, Sofjin-KSY) was considered to be the reference for Far Eastern TBE virus subtype strains and a cluster of Sofjin-like strains. Sofjin-like strains were not found in China and Japan, but widely distributed throughout the area of Primorsky and Khabarovsk krai. The group of Senzhang-like strains was distributed in China, Eastern Siberia, Khabarovsk krai and northern Primorsky krai, but was not found in Japan (Hokkaido). According to molecular genetic characteristics the youngest and more genetically homogeneous group was the Shkotovo-like strains, isolated in the southern part of Primorsky krai, however not found on Hokkaido Island (Japan).Conclusion: revision of the complete genome characteristics of TBEV strains revealed the features of micro-evolutionary process of viral populations in the Asian part of Eurasia, show the individual affection of strains to certain territories, as well as detect random finds of such strains in the territories of other natural foci.

TBE in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Christova
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
European Subtype ◽  
Highly Virulent

First cases of probable tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were reported in 1961 by Andonov et al. in eastern regions of Bulgaria.1 Possible TBE cases with the typical two-wave fever, originating from consumption of raw goat milk, were described back in 1953 by Vaptzarov et al. in southern Bulgaria.2 Investigations in the 1960s were able to isolate 3 tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains from Haemaphysalis punctata and 1 from Dermacentor marginatus ticks from goats and sheep in the district of Plovdiv.3 The antigenic properties of these 4 virus strains were identical to the highly virulent strain “Hypr” of the European subtype of TBEV (TBEV-EU).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document