scholarly journals Growth kinetics and power laws indicate distinct mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in the aggregation process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debangana Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Rumi De
Keyword(s):  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Aggregation Process ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Cell Cell

Cellular aggregation is a complex process orchestrated by various kinds of interactions depending on its environments. Different interactions give rise to different pathways of cellular rearrangement and the development of specialized tissues. To distinguish the underlying mechanisms, in this theoretical work, we investigate the spontaneous emergence of tissue patterns from an ensemble of single cells on a substrate following three leading pathways of cell-cell interactions, namely, direct cell adhesion contacts, matrix mediated mechanical interaction, and chemical signalling. Our analysis shows that the growth kinetics of the aggregation process is distinctly different for each pathway and bears the signature of the specific cell-cell interactions. Interestingly, we find that the average domain size and the mass of the clusters exhibit a power law growth in time under certain interaction mechanisms hitherto unexplored. Further, as observed in experiments, the cluster size distribution can be characterized by stretched exponential functions showing distinct cellular organization processes.

scholarly journals Engineering reversible cell–cell interactions using enzymatically lipidated chemically self-assembled nanorings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Yiao Wang ◽  
Ozgun Kilic ◽  
Clifford M. Csizmar ◽  
Sudhat Ashok ◽  
James L. Hougland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Cell Cell

Multicellular biology is dependent on the control of cell-cell interactions. The prenylated antigen-targeted CSANs provide a general approach for the regulation of specific cell-cell interactions and will be valuable for a plethora of fundamental and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Localization and site-specific cell–cell interactions of group 2 innate lymphoid cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiniwa Tsuyoshi ◽  
Kazuyo Moro
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Production ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cell Cell

Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are novel lymphocytes discovered in 2010. Unlike T or B cells, ILC2s are activated nonspecifically by environmental factors and produce various cytokines, thus playing a role in tissue homeostasis, diseases including allergic diseases, and parasite elimination. ILC2s were first reported as cells abundantly present in fat-associated lymphoid clusters in adipose tissue. However, subsequent studies revealed their presence in various tissues throughout the body, acting as key players in tissue-specific diseases. Recent histologic analyses revealed that ILC2s are concentrated in specific regions in tissues, such as the lamina propria and perivascular regions, with their function being controlled by the surrounding cells, such as epithelial cells and other immune cells, via cytokine and lipid production or by cell–cell interactions through surface molecules. Especially, some stromal cells are identified as the niche cells for ILC2s, both in the steady state and under inflammatory conditions, through the production of IL-33 or extracellular-matrix factors. Additionally, peripheral neurons reportedly co-localize with ILC2s and alter their function directly through neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that the different localizations or different cell–cell interactions might affect the function of ILC2s. Furthermore, generally, ILC2s are thought to be tissue-resident cells; however, they occasionally migrate to other tissues and perform a new role; this supports the importance of the microenvironment for their function. We summarize here the current understanding of how the microenvironment controls ILC2 localization and function with the aim of promoting the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

scholarly journals Learning the dynamics of cell–cell interactions in confined cell migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. e2016602118 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Brückner ◽  
Nicolas Arlt ◽  
Alexandra Fink ◽  
Pierre Ronceray ◽  
Joachim O. Rädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Behaviors ◽  
Cell Trajectories ◽  
Cell Cell

The migratory dynamics of cells in physiological processes, ranging from wound healing to cancer metastasis, rely on contact-mediated cell–cell interactions. These interactions play a key role in shaping the stochastic trajectories of migrating cells. While data-driven physical formalisms for the stochastic migration dynamics of single cells have been developed, such a framework for the behavioral dynamics of interacting cells still remains elusive. Here, we monitor stochastic cell trajectories in a minimal experimental cell collider: a dumbbell-shaped micropattern on which pairs of cells perform repeated cellular collisions. We observe different characteristic behaviors, including cells reversing, following, and sliding past each other upon collision. Capitalizing on this large experimental dataset of coupled cell trajectories, we infer an interacting stochastic equation of motion that accurately predicts the observed interaction behaviors. Our approach reveals that interacting noncancerous MCF10A cells can be described by repulsion and friction interactions. In contrast, cancerous MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit attraction and antifriction interactions, promoting the predominant relative sliding behavior observed for these cells. Based on these experimentally inferred interactions, we show how this framework may generalize to provide a unifying theoretical description of the diverse cellular interaction behaviors of distinct cell types.

scholarly journals Predicting global dynamics of spatial microbial communities from local interaction rules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon van Vliet ◽  
Christoph Hauert ◽  
Martin Ackermann ◽  
Alma Dal Co
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractInteractions between cells drive biological processes across all of life, from microbes in the environment to cells in multicellular organisms. Interactions often arise in spatially structured settings, where cells mostly interact with their neighbors. A central question is how the properties of biological systems emerge from local interactions. This question is very relevant in the context of microbial communities, such as biofilms, where cells live close by in space and are connected via a dense network of biochemical interactions. To understand and control the functioning of these communities, it is essential to uncover how community-level properties, such as the community composition, spatial arrangement, and growth rate, arise from these interactions. Here, we develop a mathematical framework that can predict community-level properties from the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell-cell interactions for systems consisting of two cell types. Our predictions match quantitative measurements from an experimental cross-feeding community. For these cross-feeding communities, the community growth rate is reduced when cells interact only with few neighbors; as a result, some communities can co-exist in a well-mixed system, but not in a spatial one. In general, our framework shows that key molecular parameters underlying the cell-cell interactions (e.g. the uptake and leakage rates of molecules) determine community level properties. Our framework can be extended to a variety of systems of two interacting cell types, within and beyond the microbial world, and contributes to our understanding of how biological functions arise from interactions between single cells.

scholarly journals Substrate mediated elastic coupling between motile cells modulates inter–cell interactions and enhances cell–cell contact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhaya Bose ◽  
Kinjal Dasbiswas ◽  
Arvind Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractThe mechanical micro–environment of cells and tissues influences key aspects of cell structure and function including cell motility. For proper tissue development, cells need to migrate, interact with other neighbouring cells and form contacts, each of which require the cell to exert physical forces. Cells are known to exert contractile forces on underlying soft substrates. These stresses result in substrate deformation that can affect migratory behavior of cells as well as provide an avenue for cells to sense each other and coordinate their motion. The role of substrate mechanics, particularly its stiffness, in such biological processesis therefore a subject of active investigation. Recent progress in experimental techniques have enabled key insights into pairwise mechanical interactions that control cell motility when they move on compliant soft substrates. Analysis and modeling of such systemsis however still in its nascent stages. Motivated by the role modeling is expected to play in interpreting, informing and guiding experiments, we build a biophysical model for cell migration and cell–cell interactions. Our focus is on situations highly relevant to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine –when substrate traction stresses induced by motile cells enable substrate deformation and serve as a medium of communication. Using a generalizable agent–basedmodel, we compute key metrics of cell motile behavior such as the number of cell–cell contacts over a given time, dispersion of cell trajectories, and probability of permanent cell contact, and analyze how these depend on a cell motility parameter and on substrate stiffness. Our results provide a framework towards modeling the manner in which cells may sense each other mechanically via the substrate and use this information to generate coordinated movements across much longer length scales. Our results also provide a foundation to analyze experiments on the phenomenon known as durotaxis where single cells move preferentially towards regions of high stiffness on patterned substrates.

scholarly journals A modular microfluidic bioreactor to investigate plant cell–cell interactions

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Finkbeiner ◽  
C. Manz ◽  
M. L. Raorane ◽  
C. Metzger ◽  
L. Schmidt-Speicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractPlants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which often are of interest to pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. Plant-cell cultures allow producing these metabolites in a standardised manner, independently from various biotic and abiotic factors difficult to control during conventional cultivation. However, plant-cell fermentation proves to be very difficult, since these chemically complex compounds often result from the interaction of different biosynthetic pathways operating in different cell types. To simulate such interactions in cultured cells is a challenge. Here, we present a microfluidic bioreactor for plant-cell cultivation to mimic the cell–cell interactions occurring in real plant tissues. In a modular set-up of several microfluidic bioreactors, different cell types can connect through a flow that transports signals or metabolites from module to module. The fabrication of the chip includes hot embossing of a polycarbonate housing and subsequent integration of a porous membrane and in-plane tube fittings in a two-step ultrasonic welding process. The resulting microfluidic chip is biocompatible and transparent. Simulation of mass transfer for the nutrient sucrose predicts a sufficient nutrient supply through the membrane. We demonstrate the potential of this chip for plant cell biology in three proof-of-concept applications. First, we use the chip to show that tobacco BY-2 cells in suspension divide depending on a “quorum-sensing factor” secreted by proliferating cells. Second, we show that a combination of two Catharanthus roseus cell strains with complementary metabolic potency allows obtaining vindoline, a precursor of the anti-tumour compound vincristine. Third, we extend the approach to operationalise secretion of phytotoxins by the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum as a step towards systems to screen for interorganismal chemical signalling.

Ligation of CD53/OX44, a Tetraspan Antigen, Induces Homotypic Adhesion Mediated by Specific Cell–Cell Interactions

1997 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A Lazo ◽  
Laureano Cuevas ◽  
Ana Gutierrez del Arroyo ◽  
Edurne Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Homotypic Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

Adhesion molecules and malignant gliomas: implications for tumorigenesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Couldwell ◽  
Nicolas de Tribolet ◽  
Jack P. Antel ◽  
Thierry Gauthier ◽  
Maria C. Kuppner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

✓ Adhesion molecules, a family of cell-surface molecules, are likely to be of central importance in mediating cell-extracellular matrix and specific cell-cell interactions within both neoplastic and inflammatory sites. The recently discovered expression of adhesion molecules on glioma cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and endothelial cells within the tumor offers insight into the molecular basis of the interactions both between the glioma cell and surrounding heterologous cell types within the tumor environment, and between the tumor cell and the extracellular matrix. Such interactions suggest that these molecules may play roles in the homing of immune cells to these tumors and in regulating the extent of local tumor invasion. The ability to modulate adhesion molecule expression on either immune cells or their respective ligands on gliomas provides an approach to modify cell-cell interactions that may be used to increase tumor kill by the immune system. A similar approach in the modulation of adhesion molecules involved in tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix or endothelial cells may be a method to limit local invasion in these lesions.

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