scholarly journals A modular microfluidic bioreactor to investigate plant cell–cell interactions

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Finkbeiner ◽  
C. Manz ◽  
M. L. Raorane ◽  
C. Metzger ◽  
L. Schmidt-Speicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractPlants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which often are of interest to pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. Plant-cell cultures allow producing these metabolites in a standardised manner, independently from various biotic and abiotic factors difficult to control during conventional cultivation. However, plant-cell fermentation proves to be very difficult, since these chemically complex compounds often result from the interaction of different biosynthetic pathways operating in different cell types. To simulate such interactions in cultured cells is a challenge. Here, we present a microfluidic bioreactor for plant-cell cultivation to mimic the cell–cell interactions occurring in real plant tissues. In a modular set-up of several microfluidic bioreactors, different cell types can connect through a flow that transports signals or metabolites from module to module. The fabrication of the chip includes hot embossing of a polycarbonate housing and subsequent integration of a porous membrane and in-plane tube fittings in a two-step ultrasonic welding process. The resulting microfluidic chip is biocompatible and transparent. Simulation of mass transfer for the nutrient sucrose predicts a sufficient nutrient supply through the membrane. We demonstrate the potential of this chip for plant cell biology in three proof-of-concept applications. First, we use the chip to show that tobacco BY-2 cells in suspension divide depending on a “quorum-sensing factor” secreted by proliferating cells. Second, we show that a combination of two Catharanthus roseus cell strains with complementary metabolic potency allows obtaining vindoline, a precursor of the anti-tumour compound vincristine. Third, we extend the approach to operationalise secretion of phytotoxins by the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum as a step towards systems to screen for interorganismal chemical signalling.

scholarly journals Desmosomal Molecules In and Out of Adhering Junctions: Normal and Diseased States of Epidermal, Cardiac and Mesenchymally Derived Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pieperhoff ◽  
Mareike Barth ◽  
Steffen Rickelt ◽  
Werner W. Franke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Transmembrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
Plakophilin 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adhering Junctions ◽  
Cell Cell

Current cell biology textbooks mention only two kinds of cell-to-cell adhering junctions coated with the cytoplasmic plaques: the desmosomes (maculae adhaerentes), anchoring intermediate-sized filaments (IFs), and the actin microfilament-anchoring adherens junctions (AJs), including both punctate (puncta adhaerentia) and elongate (fasciae adhaerentes) structures. In addition, however, a series of other junction types has been identified and characterized which contain desmosomal molecules but do not fit the definition of desmosomes. Of these special cell-cell junctions containing desmosomal glycoproteins or proteins we review the composite junctions (areae compositae) connecting the cardiomyocytes of mature mammalian hearts and their importance in relation to human arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. We also emphasize the various plakophilin-2-positive plaques in AJs (coniunctiones adhaerentes) connecting proliferatively active mesenchymally-derived cells, including interstitial cells of the heart and several soft tissue tumor cell types. Moreover, desmoplakin has also been recognized as a constituent of the plaques of thecomplexus adhaerentesconnecting certain lymphatic endothelial cells. Finally, we emphasize the occurrence of the desmosomal transmembrane glycoprotein, desmoglein Dsg2, out of the context of any junction as dispersed cell surface molecules in certain types of melanoma cells and melanocytes. This broadening of our knowledge on the diversity of AJ structures indicates that it may still be too premature to close the textbook chapters on cell-cell junctions.

Cultured epithelial cells derived from human foetal pancreas as a model for the study of cystic fibrosis: further analyses on the origins and nature of the cell types

1988 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
A. Harris ◽  
L. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cultured Epithelial Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Foetal Pancreas

The establishment of a tissue-culture system for epithelial cells derived from human foetal pancreas has recently been reported. Further analyses have now been made on these cells in vitro, together with parallel investigation of the distribution of different cell types within the intact foetal pancreas. Results support the view that the cultured cells are ductal in origin and nature. Pancreatic epithelial cell cultures have also been established from foetuses with cystic fibrosis.

scholarly journals The organisation and functions of local Ca2+ signals

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. Bootman ◽  
Peter Lipp ◽  
Michael J. Berridge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Intracellular Messenger ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger, controlling a diverse range of cellular processes, such as gene transcription, muscle contraction and cell proliferation. The ability of a simple ion such as Ca2+ to play a pivotal role in cell biology results from the facility that cells have to shape Ca2+ signals in space, time and amplitude. To generate and interpret the variety of observed Ca2+ signals, different cell types employ components selected from a Ca2+ signalling ‘toolkit’, which comprises an array of homeostatic and sensory mechanisms. By mixing and matching components from the toolkit, cells can obtain Ca2+ signals that suit their physiology. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of local Ca2+ signals in defining the specificity of the interaction of Ca2+ with its targets. Furthermore, local Ca2+ signals are the triggers and building blocks for larger global signals that propagate throughout cells.

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malicki ◽  
W. Driever
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vertebrate Retina ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
Patterning Defect ◽  
Cell Cell

Mutations of the oko meduzy (ome) locus cause drastic neuronal patterning defect in the zebrafish retina. The precise, stratified appearance of the wild-type retina is absent in the mutants. Despite the lack of lamination, at least seven retinal cell types differentiate in oko meduzy. The ome phenotype is already expressed in the retinal neuroepithelium affecting morphology of the neuroepithelial cells. Our experiments indicate that previously unknown cell-cell interactions are involved in development of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. In genetically mosaic animals, cell-cell interactions are sufficient to rescue the phenotype of oko meduzy retinal neuroepithelial cells. These cell-cell interactions may play a critical role in the patterning events that lead to differentiation of distinct neuronal laminae in the vertebrate retina.

scholarly journals Integrin VLA-3: ultrastructural localization at cell-cell contact sites of human cell cultures.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1807-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kaufmann ◽  
D Frösch ◽  
C Westphal ◽  
L Weber ◽  
C E Klein
Keyword(s):  
Human Cell ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Type I ◽  
Intercellular Contact ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Contact Sites ◽  
Cell Cell

The integrin VLA-3 is a cell surface receptor, which binds to fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I and VI (Takada, Y., E. A. Wayner, W. G. Carter, and M. E. Hemler. 1988. J. Cell. Biochem. 37:385-393) and is highly expressed in substrate adherent cultures of almost all human cell types. The ligand specificity of VLA-3 and the inhibition of cell adhesion by anti-VLA-3 monoclonal antibodies suggest its involvement in cell-substrate interaction. In normal tissues, VLA-3 is restricted to few cell types, notably the kidney glomeruli and basal cells of the epidermis. In the epidermis, VLA-3 is generally strongly expressed on the entire plasma membrane of basal cells and is not polarized towards the basement membrane (Klein, C. E., C. Cardon-Cardo, R. Soehnchen, R. J. Cote, H. F. Oettgen, M. Eisinger, and L. J. Old. 1987. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89:500-507). Based on this finding we speculated that, in addition to a role of VLA-3 for adhesion of cells to substrate, it could also be relevant for cell-cell interaction. To investigate this, we ultrastructurally localized VLA-3 on the surface of cultured cells by immunoelectron microscopy. In accordance with our concept, we found VLA-3 strongly associated with intercellular contact sites. Interestingly, very little immunoreactivity was detected at the under-surface of cells which had been cultured for 18-32 h. This observation was unexpected but is consistent with previous findings (Kantor, R. R. S., M. J. Mattes, K. D. Lloyd, L. J. Old, and A. P. Albino. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:15158-15165) which suggest that the association of VLA-3 with the basal surface of substrate adherent tumor cells is a late event occurring after days of culture under confluent conditions. However, we cannot formally rule out VLA-3 expression at the undersurface of cells under our experimental conditions, since VLA-3 molecules at this location could be inaccessible for in situ labeling of unfixed cells because of spatial interferences. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the expression of VLA-3 at intercellular contact sites of cultured cells supporting the concept that it may be relevant for intercellular interactions also.

scholarly journals Classical cadherins control nucleus and centrosome position and cell polarity

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Dupin ◽  
Emeline Camand ◽  
Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Classical Cadherins ◽  
Cell Cell

Control of cell polarity is crucial during tissue morphogenesis and renewal, and depends on spatial cues provided by the extracellular environment. Using micropatterned substrates to impose reproducible cell–cell interactions, we show that in the absence of other polarizing cues, cell–cell contacts are the main regulator of nucleus and centrosome positioning, and intracellular polarized organization. In a variety of cell types, including astrocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, calcium-dependent cadherin-mediated cell–cell interactions induce nucleus and centrosome off-centering toward cell–cell contacts, and promote orientation of the nucleus–centrosome axis toward free cell edges. Nucleus and centrosome off-centering is controlled by N-cadherin through the regulation of cell interactions with the extracellular matrix, whereas the orientation of the nucleus–centrosome axis is determined by the geometry of N-cadherin–mediated contacts. Our results demonstrate that in addition to the specific function of E-cadherin in regulating baso-apical epithelial polarity, classical cadherins control cell polarization in otherwise nonpolarized cells.

scholarly journals Continuous spectrofluorometric measurements of uptake by cultured cells of 12-(1-pyrene)-dodecanoic acid from its complex with albumin

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gatt ◽  
N Nahas ◽  
E Fibach
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Intensity ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
High Fluorescence ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Very High

Aqueous dispersions of 12-(1-pyrene)-dodecanoic acid (P12), a medium-chain fatty acid to which the fluorescent probe pyrene has been covalently linked, shows a considerable increase in fluorescence when the probe is introduced into a hydrophobic environment. This enables the uptake of P12 by liposomes and cells to be followed directly in a spectrofluorometer, without separating the cells from the P12-containing medium. In the present study, we show that complexing P12 to albumin produced a very high fluorescence emission intensity. This made direct measurements of the uptake by cells of albumin-bound P12 impossible. Such direct measurements could, however, be made using albumin which had been interacted with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). The yellow trinitrophenyl (TNP) residues, which were thereby covalently linked to the albumin, quenched the fluorescence of pyrene in the TNP-albumin/P12 complex. Upon release of the P12 molecules from this complex and their subsequent uptake by cells, fluorescence increased. This technique was utilized for the continuous monitoring of the uptake of P12 by different cell types and cells at various stages of maturation.

scholarly journals Tumor Rejection by Disturbing Tumor Stroma Cell Interactions

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (11) ◽  
pp. 1549-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ibe ◽  
Zhihai Qin ◽  
Thomas Schüler ◽  
Susanne Preiss ◽  
Thomas Blankenstein
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Stroma Cell ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Different Cell Types

The stroma of solid tumors is a complex network of different cell types. We analyzed stroma cell interactions in two tumor models during cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced tumor rejection. In growing tumors, tumor infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) produced interleukin (IL)-10. Beginning 6 h after Cy-treatment T cells in the tumor were inactivated and TIMs switched to interferon (IFN)-γ production. Both, IL-10 production before and IFN-γ production after Cy-treatment by TIMs required T cells. With the same kinetics as TIMs started to produce IFN-γ the tumor vasculature was destroyed which required IFN-γ receptor expression on host but not tumor cells. These events preceded hemorrhagic necrosis and residual tumor cell elimination by T cells. Together, T cells regulate the function of TIMs and tumor rejection can be induced by disturbing the stroma network.

scholarly journals Learning the dynamics of cell–cell interactions in confined cell migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. e2016602118 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Brückner ◽  
Nicolas Arlt ◽  
Alexandra Fink ◽  
Pierre Ronceray ◽  
Joachim O. Rädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Behaviors ◽  
Cell Trajectories ◽  
Cell Cell

The migratory dynamics of cells in physiological processes, ranging from wound healing to cancer metastasis, rely on contact-mediated cell–cell interactions. These interactions play a key role in shaping the stochastic trajectories of migrating cells. While data-driven physical formalisms for the stochastic migration dynamics of single cells have been developed, such a framework for the behavioral dynamics of interacting cells still remains elusive. Here, we monitor stochastic cell trajectories in a minimal experimental cell collider: a dumbbell-shaped micropattern on which pairs of cells perform repeated cellular collisions. We observe different characteristic behaviors, including cells reversing, following, and sliding past each other upon collision. Capitalizing on this large experimental dataset of coupled cell trajectories, we infer an interacting stochastic equation of motion that accurately predicts the observed interaction behaviors. Our approach reveals that interacting noncancerous MCF10A cells can be described by repulsion and friction interactions. In contrast, cancerous MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit attraction and antifriction interactions, promoting the predominant relative sliding behavior observed for these cells. Based on these experimentally inferred interactions, we show how this framework may generalize to provide a unifying theoretical description of the diverse cellular interaction behaviors of distinct cell types.

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