scholarly journals Three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine confer neutralising antibody capacity against the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. Arien ◽  
Leo Heyndrickx ◽  
Johan Michiels ◽  
Katleen Vereecken ◽  
Kurt Van Lent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Booster Vaccine

We report the levels of neutralising antibodies against Wuhan, Delta and Omicron variants in healthy individuals pre-infected or not with SARS-CoV-2 and immunized with three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Our observations support the rapid administration of a booster vaccine dose to prevent infection and disease caused by Omicron.

scholarly journals Third COVID-19 Vaccine Dose Boosts Neutralising Antibodies in Poor Responders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Lake ◽  
Alexa J. Roeder ◽  
Maria J. Gonzalez-Moa ◽  
Megan Koehler ◽  
Erin Kaleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Vaccine Manufacturer ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine if poor responders to COVID-19 RNA vaccines (<50% neutralisation) after two doses would remain poor responders, or if a third dose could elicit high levels of NAbs.DesignClinical follow-up studySettingAcademic and medical institutions in USAParticipants269 healthy individuals ranging in age from 19 to 80 (Average age = 51; 165 females and 104 males) who received either BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA1273 (Moderna) vaccines.Main Outcome MeasuresNAb levels were measured: i) 2-4 weeks after a second vaccine dose, ii) 2-4 months after the second dose, iii) within 1-2 weeks prior to a third dose and iv) 2-4 weeks after a third RNA vaccine dose.ResultsIn 269 study participants, percent neutralisation ranged from 0% to 99% 2-4 weeks after a second vaccine dose. The majority of vaccine recipients (154/269, 57%) demonstrated NAb levels at ≥75% 2-4 weeks after their second dose. Our study also revealed that 25% of vaccine recipients did not neutralise above 50% (Median neutralisation = 21%, titers <1:80) within a month after their second dose. We called these individuals “vaccine poor responders” (VPRs). Twenty-three VPRs ranging in age from 31 to 79 (10 males, 13 females, average age = 62.5) independently obtained a third dose of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine 1-8 months (average = 5 months) after their second dose. Within a month after their third dose, poor responders showed an average 20-fold increase in NAb levels (range 46%-99%).ConclusionsThe results suggest that poor responders are not permanently poor responders; they can generate high NAb levels with an additional vaccine dose–independent of mRNA vaccine manufacturer. Previous reports indicate that NAb levels decline much more rapidly than clinical protection from hospitalisation and disease, but that does not account for vaccine recipients who never generated high levels of NAbs after two doses. It is possible that poor responders are a source of breakthrough infections. Although it is not known what levels of NAbs protect from infection or disease, many vaccine recipients in high-risk professions may wish to keep peripheral NAb levels high, limiting infection, asymptomatic viral replication, and potential transmission.

scholarly journals Self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Mofaz ◽  
Matan Yechezkel ◽  
Grace Guan ◽  
Margaret L. Brandeau ◽  
Tal Patalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid rise in hospitalizations associated with the Delta-driven COVID-19 resurgence, and the imminent risk of hospital overcrowding, led the Israeli government to initialize a national third (booster) COVID-19 vaccination campaign in early August 2021, offering the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to individuals who received their second dose over five months ago. However, the safety of the third (booster) dose has not been fully established yet.ObjectiveEvaluate the short-term, self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose.DesignA prospective observational study, in which participants are equipped with a smartwatch and fill in a daily questionnaire via a dedicated mobile application for a period of 21 days, starting seven days before the vaccination.SettingAn Israel-wide third (booster) vaccination campaign.ParticipantsA group of 1,609 (18+ years of age) recipients of at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine between December 20, 2020, and September 15, 2021, out of a larger cohort of 2,912 prospective study participants. 1,344 of the participants were recipients of the third vaccine dose.MeasurementsDaily self-reported questionnaires regarding local and systemic reactions, mood level, stress level, sport duration, and sleep quality. Heart rate, heart rate variability and blood oxygen saturation level were continuously measured by Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatches.ResultsThe extent of systemic reactions reported following the third (booster) dose administration is similar to that reported following the second dose (p-value=0.305) and considerably greater than that reported following the first dose (p-value<0.001). Our analyses of self-reported well-being indicators as well as the objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by the smartwatches further support this finding. Focusing on the third dose, reactions were more apparent in younger participants (p-value<0.01), in women (p-value<0.001), and in participants with no underlying medical conditions (p-value<0.001). Nevertheless, reported reactions and changes in physiological measures returned to their baseline levels within three days from inoculation with the third dose.LimitationsParticipants may not adequately represent the vaccinated population in Israel and elsewhere.ConclusionOur work further supports the safety of a third COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (booster) vaccine dose from both a subjective and an objective perspective, particularly in individuals 65+ years of age and those with underlying medical conditions.Primary funding sourceEuropean Research Council (ERC) project #949850

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 booster vaccine against covid-19 related symptoms in England: test negative case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Julia Stowe ◽  
Freja Kirsebom ◽  
Charlotte Gower ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
The Uk

Background In September 2021, the UK Government introduced a booster programme targeting individuals over 50 and those in a clinical risk group. Individuals were offered either a full dose of the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or a half dose of the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax, Moderna) vaccine, irrespective of the vaccine received as the primary course Methods We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate the Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) of the booster dose BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) in those aged over 50 against symptomatic disease in post booster time intervals compared to individuals at least 140 days post a second dose with no booster dose recorded. In a secondary analysis, we also compared to unvaccinated individuals and to the 2 to 6 day period after a booster dose was received. Analyses were stratified by which primary doses had been received and any mixed primary courses were excluded. Results The relative VE estimate in the 14 days after the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) booster dose, compared to individuals that received a two-dose primary course, was 87.4 (95% confidence interval 84.9-89.4) in those individuals who received two doses ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) as a primary course and 84.4 (95% confidence interval 82.8-85.8) in those individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) as a primary course. Using the 2-6 day period post the booster dose as the baseline gave similar results. The absolute VE from 14 days after the booster, using the unvaccinated baseline, was 93.1(95% confidence interval 91.7-94.3) in those with ChAdOx1-S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) as their primary course and 94.0 (93.4-94.6) for BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) as their primary course. Conclusions Our study provides real world evidence of significant increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against symptomatic disease in those aged over 50 year of age irrespective of which primary course was received.

Seroprevalence of anti-HBs antibodies at young adulthood, before and after a booster vaccine dose, among medical personnel vaccinated in infancy

Vaccine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (38) ◽  
pp. 4878-4885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hartal ◽  
Nirit Yavnai ◽  
Inbal Galor ◽  
Eva Avramovich ◽  
Tamar Sela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Humoral SARS-COV-2 IgG decay within 6 months in COVID-19 healthy vaccinees: The need for a booster vaccine dose?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Achiron ◽  
Mathilda Mandel ◽  
Sapir Dreyer-Alster ◽  
Gil Harari ◽  
Michael Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Booster Vaccine

scholarly journals COVID-19 booster vaccine attitudes and behaviors among university students and staff: the USC Trojan Pandemic Research Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Lee ◽  
Howard Hu ◽  
Eric S. Kawaguchi ◽  
Andre. E Kim ◽  
Daniel W. Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Motivational Messages ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionAlthough COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, recent evidence suggests that immunity wanes after 6-9 months, and that a third vaccine dose could further reduce COVID-19 transmission and severe illness. However, previous studies have not assessed attitudes about getting booster doses. This study examined COVID-19 booster vaccine attitudes and behaviors among university students and staff in the fall of 2021.MethodsParticipants responded to an email invitation and completed electronic surveys. Results. In our sample, 96.2% of respondents indicated willingness to get a COVID-19 booster shot at least once per year. In both bivariate and multivariate analyses higher trust in science was associated with having higher odds of booster willingness. Those who identify as Black, on average, reported trusting science less than other racial/ethnic groups.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate high willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster shot and highlight the importance of educational and motivational messages that focus on trust in science to increase willingness to get the COVID-19 booster. More research is needed to better understand the impact of cultural beliefs on booster willingness and vaccine hesitancy. This understanding will help determine what messages and populations to target to increase booster willingness in the future.

scholarly journals A third COVID-19 vaccine shot markedly boosts neutralizing antibody potency and breadth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Iketani ◽  
Lihong Liu ◽  
Manoj S Nair ◽  
Hiroshi Mohri ◽  
Maple Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Temporal Decay ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Antibody Resistance

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines have been rapidly developed and deployed globally as a measure to combat the disease. These vaccines have been demonstrated to confer significant protection, but there have been reports of temporal decay in antibody titer. Furthermore, several variants have been identified with variable degrees of antibody resistance. These two factors suggest that a booster vaccination may be worthy of consideration. While such a booster dose has been studied as a series of three homologous vaccines in healthy individuals, to our knowledge, information on a heterologous regimen remains unreported, despite the practical benefits of such a scheme. Here, in this observational study, we investigated the serological profile of four healthy individuals who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, followed by a third booster dose with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. We found that while all individuals had spike-binding antibodies at each of the timepoints tested, there was an appreciable drop in titer by four months following the second vaccination. The third vaccine dose robustly increased titers beyond that of two vaccinations, and these elicited antibodies had neutralizing capability against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested in both a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirus assay and an authentic SARS-CoV-2 assay, except for one individual against B.1.351 in the latter assay. Thus, a third COVID-19 vaccine dose in healthy individuals promoted not just neutralizing antibody potency, but also induced breadth against dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants.

scholarly journals Prior Covid-19 and high RBD-IgG levels correlate with protection against VOC-δ SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated nursing home residents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Blain ◽  
Edouard Tuaillon ◽  
Amandine Pisoni ◽  
Laure Soriteau ◽  
Elodie Million ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ig G

AbstractBackgroundNursing Home (NH) residents are at high risk of serious illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), especially with the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOC). It is unknown as to whether a history of Covid-19 prior to the vaccine and post-vaccine RBD-IgG levels are predictors of BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against VOC–δ in nursing home residents.MethodsWe analyzed the data from two NHs that faced a VOC-δ outbreak in July-August 2021. These NHs had suffered prior Covid-19 outbreaks in 2020 and 2021. In many of the residents, RBD-IgG levels were measured 6 weeks after the second vaccine dose, i.e. 3 to 5 months before the VOC-δ outbreak onset, and again during the outbreak (SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay, Abbott Diagnostics). We compared residents with vs without prior Covid-19 for (i) VOC-δ incidence, (ii) the correlation between post-vaccine RBD-IgG levels and VOC-δ incidence, and (iii) the time-related change in RBD-IgG levels.ResultsAmong the 140 analyzed residents (58 to 101 years; 94 females, 46 men, mean age: 84.6 yr ± 9.5 yr), one resident among the 44 with prior Covid-19 before vaccination developed a VOC-δ infection during the outbreak (1.3%) vs 55 of the 96 without Covid-19 prior to vaccination (57.3 %)(p<0.0001). The median value for RBD-IgG 6 weeks after the vaccine and during the outbreak was higher in residents with prior Covid-19 (31,553 AU/mL and 22,880 AU/mL) than in those without (1,050 AU/mL and 260 AU/mL)(p<0.0001). In residents without Covid-19 prior to vaccination, post-vaccination RDB-IgG levels did not predict protection against VOC-δ infection.ConclusionsIn contrary to residents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, those without a history of Covid-19 before two BNT162b2 doses are not protected against VOC-δ infection and their RBD-Ig-G levels are low 3 to 5 months after vaccination. This suggests that a booster vaccine dose should be considered in this group of residents for a better protection against VOC-δ infection.

A Rapid Antibody Screening Haemagglutination Test for Predicting Immunity to Sars CoV-2 Variants of Concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Urke Ertesvåg ◽  
Julie Xiao ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Sonja Ljostveit ◽  
Helene Sandnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Domain Specific

Abstract Evaluation of susceptibility to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) requires rapid screening tests for neutralising antibodies which provide protection. We developed a receptor-binding domain specific hemagglutination test (HAT) which correlated with neutralising antibodies (R=0.74-0.82) in two independent cohorts from 798 convalescents. Home-dwelling older individuals (80-99 years, n=89) had significantly lower antibodies after one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine than younger adult vaccinees (n=310) and naturally infected individuals (n=307). The second vaccine dose boosted and broadened the antibody repertoire to VOC in naïve but not previously infected, older and younger adults. >75% of older adults responded after two vaccinations to alpha and delta, but only 59-62% to beta and gamma, compared to 96-97% of younger vaccinees and 68-76% of infected individuals. Overall, the HAT provides a surrogate marker for neutralising antibodies, could be used as a simple inexpensive, rapid test, rapidly adaptable to emerging VOC for large-scale evaluation of potentially diminishing vaccine effectiveness.

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