scholarly journals Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent mental health in the UK: multiple socio-economic indicators and reporter effects

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hazell ◽  
Emma Thornton ◽  
Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli ◽  
Praveetha Patalay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Inequalities

There are socio-economic inequalities in the experience of mental ill-health. However, less is known about the extent of inequalities by different indicators of socio-economic position (SEP). This is relevant for insights into the mechanisms by which these inequalities arise. For young people's mental health there is an additional layer of complexity provided by the widespread use of proxy reporters. Using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=10,969), we investigated the extent to which five objective SEP indicators (parent education, household income, household wealth, parent occupational status, and relative neighbourhood deprivation) predict adolescent internalising mental health and how this varies as a function of reporter. Both parent report and adolescent self-report were considered. Regression models demonstrated that whilst all five SEP indicators were associated with parent-reported adolescent mental health (regression coefficients for the most disadvantaged groups and adolescent mental health: parent education β=0.53 [0.44;0.62], household income β=0.56 [0.50;0.62], household wealth β=0.18 [0.10;0.27], parent occupational status β=0.40 [0.35;0.46], and relative neighbourhood deprivation β=0.41 [0.33;0.49]), only income (β=0.11 [0.04;0.17]), wealth (β=0.12 [0.02;0.21]), and occupational status (β=0.08 [0.03;0.13]) were associated with self-reported mental health. The magnitude of these effects was greater for parent-reported than self-reported adolescent internalising symptoms: SEP indicators jointly predicted 5.2% of the variance in parent-reported compared to 1.4% of the variance in self-reported internalising mental health. Income predicted the most variance in both parent (4.2% variance) and self-reported internalising symptoms (0.5% variance). Interestingly, the gradient of parent-reported adolescent mental health across SEP indicators mirrors that of parent's own mental health (for example, income predicted 7.3% variance). Our findings highlight that the relevance of different SEP indicators to adolescent internalising mental health differs between parent and adolescent reports. Therefore, it is important to consider the various perspectives of mental health inequalities gained from different types of reporters.

scholarly journals Distribution and characteristics of in-patient child and adolescent mental health services in England and Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O'Herlihy ◽  
Adrian Worrall ◽  
Paul Lelliott ◽  
Tony Jaffa ◽  
Peter Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Specialist Service ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health Service ◽  
Independent Sector ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundLittle is known about the current state of provision of child and adolescent mental health service in-patient units in the UK.AimsTo describe the full number, distribution and key characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric in-patient units in England and Wales.MethodFollowing identification of units, data were collected by a postal general survey with telephone follow-up.ResultsEighty units were identified; these provided 900 beds, of which 244 (27%) were managed by the independent sector. Units are unevenly distributed, with a concentration of beds in London and the south-east of England. The independent sector, which manages a high proportion of specialist services and eating disorder units in particular, accentuates this uneven distribution. Nearly two-thirds of units reported that they would not accept emergency admissions.ConclusionsA national approach is needed to the planning and commissioning of this specialist service.

scholarly journals Incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people in the UK and Ireland: a national surveillance study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e027339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Petkova ◽  
Mima Simic ◽  
Dasha Nicholls ◽  
Tamsin Ford ◽  
A Matthew Prina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the incidence of DSM5 anorexia nervosa in young people in contact with child and adolescent mental health services in the UK and Ireland.DesignObservational, surveillance study, using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System, involving monthly reporting by child and adolescent psychiatrists between 1st February 2015 and 30th September 2015.SettingThe study was based in the UK and Ireland.ParticipantsClinician-reported data on young people aged 8–17 in contact with child and adolescent mental health services for a first episode of anorexia nervosa.Main outcome measuresAnnual incidence rates (IRs) estimated as confirmed new cases per 100 000 population at risk.Results305 incident cases of anorexia nervosa were reported over the 8-month surveillance period and assessed as eligible for inclusion. The majority were young women (91%), from England (70%) and of white ethnicity (92%). Mean age was 14.6 years (±1.66) and mean percentage of median expected body mass index for age and sex was 83.23% (±10.99%). The overall IR, adjusted for missing data, was estimated to be 13.68 per 100 000 population (95% CI 12.88 to 14.52), with rates of 25.66 (95% CI 24.09 to 27.30) for young women and 2.28 (95% CI 1.84 to 2.79) for young men. Incidence increased steadily with age, peaking at 15 (57.77, 95% CI 50.41 to 65.90) for young women and 16 (5.14, 95% CI 3.20 to 7.83) for young men. Comparison with earlier estimates suggests IRs for children aged 12 and under have increased over the last 10 years.ConclusionThese results provide new estimates of the incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people. Service providers and commissioners should consider evidence to suggest an increase in incidence in younger children.Trial registration numberISRCTN12676087.

scholarly journals Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Duinhof ◽  
K. M. Lek ◽  
M. E. de Looze ◽  
A. Cosma ◽  
J. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Aims The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental health problems, but cross-country comparisons of the self-report SDQ are scarce and so far failed to find a good-fitting, common, invariant measurement model across countries. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the self-report SDQ that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental health problems. Methods Using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, the measurement model and measurement invariance of the 20 items of the self-report SDQ measuring adolescent mental health problems were evaluated. Nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year old adolescents (n = 33 233) from seven countries of different regions in Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) were used. Results In order to establish a good-fitting and common measurement model, the five reverse worded items of the self-report SDQ had to be removed. Using this revised version of the self-report SDQ, the SDQ-R, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that latent factor means assessing conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationships problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems could be validly compared across the countries in this study. Results showed that adolescents in Greece scored relatively low on almost all problem subscales, whereas adolescents in Poland scored relatively high on almost all problem subscales. Adolescents in the Netherlands reported the most divergent profile of mental health problems with the lowest levels of conduct problems, low levels of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, but the highest levels of hyperactivity-inattention problems. Conclusions With six factor loadings being non-invariant, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that the 15-item SDQ-R could be used in our cross-country comparison of adolescent mental health problems. To move the field of internationally comparative research on adolescent mental health forward, studies should test the applicability of the SDQ-R in other countries in- and outside Europe, continue to develop the SDQ-R as a cross-country invariant measure of adolescent mental health, and examine explanations for the found country differences in adolescent mental health problems.

Reliability of self report questionnaires for epidemiological investigations of adolescent mental health in Cape Town, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rothon ◽  
Stephen A Stansfeld ◽  
Cathy Mathews ◽  
Arlene Kleinhans ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Self Report

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in common mental disorders and psychotherapy treatment in the UK between 1991 and 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Jokela ◽  
G. David Batty ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Marko Elovainio ◽  
Mika Kivimäki
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundInequality in health and treatment of disease across socioeconomic status groups is a major public health issue.AimsTo examine differences in socioeconomic status in common mental disorders and use of psychotherapy provided by the public and private sector in the UK between 1991 and 2009.MethodDuring these years, 28 054 men and women responded to annual surveys by the nationally representative, population-based British Household Panel Survey (on average 7 measurements per participant; 207 545 person-observations). In each year, common mental disorders were assessed with the self-reported 12-item General Health Questionnaire and socioeconomic status was assessed on the basis of household income, occupational status and education.ResultsHigher socioeconomic status was associated with lower odds of common mental disorder (highest v. lowest household income quintile odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94) and of being treated by publicly provided psychotherapy (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.55), but higher odds of being a client of private psychotherapy (OR = 3.33, 95% CI 2.36–4.71). The status difference in publicly provided psychotherapy treatment was more pronounced at the end of follow-up (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.23–0.56, in 2005–2009) than at the beginning of the follow-up period (OR =0.96, 95% CI 0.66–1.39, in 1991–1994; time interaction P<0.001). The findings for occupational status and education were similar to those for household income.ConclusionsThe use of publicly provided psychotherapy has improved between 1991 and 2009 among those with low socioeconomic status, although social inequalities in common mental disorders remain.

Social Workers in Child Mental Health: Securing a Future

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Philip Messent
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
The Uk

A study was conducted to investigate reductions in the numbers of social work posts located within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the UK. Results suggested that reductions in posts noted in earlier studies are continuing. Interviewees' ideas about factors contributing to the survival of such posts are summarised. The significance of the loss of posts is discussed, with an account of changing ideas about the role of social workers within CAMHS teams, and of an audit undertaken of one service lacking such a post. Conclusions are drawn concerning ways of ensuring the preservation of such posts.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and resilience in a sample of Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Jacobson ◽  
Rebecca Mulholland ◽  
Nicola Miller ◽  
Laura Baker ◽  
Daniel Glazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdolescents and young people (AYA) with cancer are at greater risk of psychological distress which can impact treatment. COVID-19 has resulted in changes to cancer care delivery and AYA have been disproportionately affected by economic and educational effects of COVID-19, potentially impacting on mental health. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on AYA with cancer is important to inform care.METHODSOnline survey of 16-24 year olds receiving cancer treatment at 8 cancer centres in the UK in December 2020. We measured: self-perceived increased anxiety since COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on treatment, life and relationships and used the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-8), 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD) and the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).RESULTS112 AYA participated (17.8% of total eligible). 62.8% were female, 67.3% were 21-24 years. 83% were white. 59.8% had previously experienced mental health difficulties. 67.9% received cancer treatment during the pandemic and 33.9% were diagnosed during the pandemic. 78.6% reported COVID-19 having a significant impact on their life, 55.4% on their key relationship and 39.3% on their treatment. 79% reported experiencing some degree of increased anxiety since COVID-19.43.4% had moderate-severe PHQ-8 scores and 37.1% for GADS-7. Self-report of impact on life was associated with greater anxiety during COVID-19 and moderate-severe PHQ-8 score (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.52 to 19.40, p <0.01; OR 5.23, 95%CI 1.65 to 16.56, p < 0.01). Impact on relationships was associated with greater anxiety and moderate-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.54, p = 0,03; OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.17, p<0.01; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.25, p =0.03). Greater CD-RISC score was associated with lower risk of anxiety and mod-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 scores (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.81, p <0.01; OR 0.55 95% CI 0.4 to 0.72, p <0.01; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.69, p <0.01)CONCLUSIONSWe found high levels of psychological distress in AYA with cancer, which is important knowledge for clinical teams working with this age group. Perceived impact of COVID-19 on relationships and life was predictive of poorer mental health, with resilience a potential protective factor.

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