scholarly journals Value Encoding in the Globus Pallidus: fMRI reveals an interaction effect between reward and dopamine drive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo G. Fiore ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
Francesco Rigoli ◽  
Peter Smittenaar ◽  
Xiaosi Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Core Nucleus ◽  
External Part ◽  
Fmri Analysis ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractThe external part of the globus pallidus (GPe) is a core nucleus of the basal ganglia (BG) whose activity is disrupted under conditions of low dopamine release, as in Parkinson’s disease. Current models assume decreased dopamine release in the dorsal striatum results in deactivation of dorsal GPe, which in turn affects motor expression via a regulatory effect on other nuclei of the BG. However, recent studies in healthy and pathological animal models have reported neural dynamics that do not match with this view of the GPe as a relay in the BG circuit. Thus, the computational role of the GPe in the BG is still to be determined. We previously proposed a neural model that revisits the functions of the nuclei of the BG, and this model predicts that GPe encodes values which are amplified under a condition of low striatal dopaminergic drive. To test this prediction, we used an fMRI paradigm involving a within-subject placebo-controlled design, using the dopamine antagonist risperidone, wherein healthy volunteers performed a motor selection and maintenance task under low and high reward conditions. ROI-based fMRI analysis revealed an interaction between reward and dopamine drive manipulations, with increased BOLD activity in GPe in a high compared to low reward condition, and under risperidone compared to placebo. These results confirm the core prediction of our computational model, and provide a new perspective on neural dynamics in the BG and their effects on motor selection and motor disorders.

Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1261
Author(s):  
Margarita Moreno ◽  
Juan Decara ◽  
Francisco Javier Pavon ◽  
David G. Stouffer ◽  
Scott Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Microdialysis Probe

scholarly journals The tectonigral pathway regulates appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhu Huang ◽  
Dapeng Li ◽  
Xinyu Cheng ◽  
Qing Pei ◽  
Zhiyong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Neuronal Circuitry ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Brain Circuit ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

AbstractAppetitive locomotion is essential for animals to approach rewards, such as food and prey. The neuronal circuitry controlling appetitive locomotion is unclear. In a goal-directed behavior—predatory hunting, we show an excitatory brain circuit from the superior colliculus (SC) to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to enhance appetitive locomotion in mice. This tectonigral pathway transmits locomotion-speed signals to dopamine neurons and triggers dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Synaptic inactivation of this pathway impairs appetitive locomotion but not defensive locomotion. Conversely, activation of this pathway increases the speed and frequency of approach during predatory hunting, an effect that depends on the activities of SNc dopamine neurons. Together, these data reveal that the SC regulates locomotion-speed signals to SNc dopamine neurons to enhance appetitive locomotion in mice.

scholarly journals In vivo evidence for the unique kinetics of evoked dopamine release in the patch and matrix compartments of the striatum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl ◽  
Kathryn M. Nesbitt ◽  
Adrian C. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Medial Dorsal ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Slow Kinetic

AbstractThe neurochemical transmitter dopamine (DA) is implicated in a number of diseases states, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and drug abuse. DA terminal fields in the dorsal striatum and core region of the nucleus accumbens in the rat brain are organized as heterogeneous domains exhibiting fast and slow kinetic of DA release. The rates of dopamine release are significantly and substantially faster in the fast domains relative to the slow domains. The striatum is composed of a mosaic of spatial compartments known as the striosomes (patches) and the matrix. Extensive literature exists on the spatial organization of the patch and matrix compartments and their functions. However, little is known about these compartments as they relate to fast and slow kinetic DA domains observed by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Thus, we combined high spatial resolution of FSCV with detailed immunohistochemical analysis of these architectural compartments (patch and matrix) using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings demonstrated a direct correlation between patch compartments with fast domain DA kinetics and matrix compartments to slow domain DA kinetics. We also investigated the kinetic domains in two very distinct sub-regions in the striatum, the lateral dorsal striatum (LDS) and the medial dorsal striatum (MDS). The lateral dorsal striatum as opposed to the medial dorsal striatum is mainly governed by fast kinetic DA domains. These finding are highly relevant as they may hold key promise in unraveling the fast and slow kinetic DA domains and their physiological significance. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Dynamic Encoding of Effort and Reward throughout the Execution of Action by External Globus Pallidus Neurons in Monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1130-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nougaret ◽  
Sabrina Ravel
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
External Part ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Different Levels

Humans and animals must evaluate the costs and expected benefits of their actions to make adaptive choices. Prior studies have demonstrated the involvement of the basal ganglia in this evaluation. However, little is known about the role of the external part of the globus pallidus (GPe), which is well positioned to integrate motor and reward-related information, in this process. To investigate this role, the activity of 126 neurons was recorded in the associative and limbic parts of the GPe of two monkeys performing a behavioral task in which different levels of force were required to obtain different amounts of liquid reward. The results first revealed that the activity of associative and limbic GPe neurons could be modulated not only by cognitive and limbic but also motor information at the same time, both during a single period or during different periods throughout the trial, mainly in an independent way. Moreover, as a population, GPe neurons encoded these types of information dynamically throughout the trial, when each piece of information was the most relevant for the achievement of the action. Taken together, these results suggest that GPe neurons could be dedicated to the parallel monitoring of task parameters essential to adjusting and maintaining goal-directed behavior.

scholarly journals Calbindin-D28K Limits Dopamine Release in Ventral but Not Dorsal Striatum by Regulating Ca2+ Availability and Dopamine Transporter Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3419-3426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Brimblecombe ◽  
Stefania Vietti-Michelina ◽  
Nicola J. Platt ◽  
Rahel Kastli ◽  
Ahmad Hnieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Calbindin D28k

scholarly journals Neural population dynamics underlying expected value computation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamada ◽  
Yuri Imaizumi ◽  
Masayuki Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Integrative Process ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
The Brain

AbstractComputation of expected values, i.e., probability times magnitude, seems to be a dynamic integrative process performed in the brain for efficient economic behavior. However, neural dynamics underlying this computation remain largely unknown. We examined (1) whether four core reward-related regions detect and integrate the probability and magnitude cued by numerical symbols and (2) whether these regions have distinct dynamics in the integrative process. Extractions of mechanistic structure of neural population signal demonstrated that expected-value signals simultaneously arose in central part of orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC, area 13m) and ventral striatum (VS). These expected-value signals were incredibly stable in contrast to weak and/or fluctuated signals in dorsal striatum and medial OFC. Notably, temporal dynamics of these stable expected-value signals were unambiguously distinct: sharp and gradual signal evolutions in cOFC and VS, respectively. These intimate dynamics suggest that cOFC and VS compute the expected-values with unique time constants, as distinct, partially overlapping processes.

scholarly journals Evoked transients of pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter reveal dopamine hot spots in the globus pallidus

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Meszaros ◽  
Timothy Cheung ◽  
Maya M Erler ◽  
Un Jung Kang ◽  
Dalibor Sames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Low Levels

Dopamine neurotransmission is suspected to play important physiological roles in multiple sparsely innervated brain nuclei, but there has not been a means to measure synaptic dopamine release in such regions. The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a major locus in the basal ganglia that displays a sparse innervation of en passant dopamine axonal fibers. Due to the low levels of innervation that preclude electrochemical analysis, it is unknown if these axons engage in neurotransmission. To address this, we introduce an optical approach using a pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter, FFN102, that exhibits increased fluorescence upon exocytosis from the acidic synaptic vesicle to the neutral extracellular milieu. In marked contrast to the striatum, FFN102 transients in the mouse GPe were spatially heterogeneous and smaller than in striatum with the exception of sparse hot spots. GPe transients were also significantly enhanced by high frequency stimulation. Our results support hot spots of dopamine release from substantia nigra axons.

scholarly journals The EBRAINS NeuroFeatureExtract: An Online Resource for the Extraction of Neural Activity Features From Electrophysiological Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca L. Bologna ◽  
Roberto Smiriglia ◽  
Dario Curreri ◽  
Michele Migliore
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Model Optimization ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Public Repositories ◽  
Scientific Questions

The description of neural dynamics, in terms of precise characterizations of action potential timings and shape and voltage related measures, is fundamental for a deeper understanding of the neural code and its information content. Not only such measures serve the scientific questions posed by experimentalists but are increasingly being used by computational neuroscientists for the construction of biophysically detailed data-driven models. Nonetheless, online resources enabling users to perform such feature extraction operation are lacking. To address this problem, in the framework of the Human Brain Project and the EBRAINS research infrastructure, we have developed and made available to the scientific community the NeuroFeatureExtract, an open-access online resource for the extraction of electrophysiological features from neural activity data. This tool allows to select electrophysiological traces of interest, fetched from public repositories or from users’ own data, and provides ad hoc functionalities to extract relevant features. The output files are properly formatted for further analysis, including data-driven neural model optimization.

scholarly journals The mouse cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic network

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 598 (7879) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Foster ◽  
Joshua Barry ◽  
Laura Korobkova ◽  
Luis Garcia ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
External Part ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical loop is one of the fundamental network motifs in the brain. Revealing its structural and functional organization is critical to understanding cognition, sensorimotor behaviour, and the natural history of many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, this network is conceptualized to contain three information channels: motor, limbic and associative1–4. Yet this three-channel view cannot explain the myriad functions of the basal ganglia. We previously subdivided the dorsal striatum into 29 functional domains on the basis of the topography of inputs from the entire cortex5. Here we map the multi-synaptic output pathways of these striatal domains through the globus pallidus external part (GPe), substantia nigra reticular part (SNr), thalamic nuclei and cortex. Accordingly, we identify 14 SNr and 36 GPe domains and a direct cortico-SNr projection. The striatonigral direct pathway displays a greater convergence of striatal inputs than the more parallel striatopallidal indirect pathway, although direct and indirect pathways originating from the same striatal domain ultimately converge onto the same postsynaptic SNr neurons. Following the SNr outputs, we delineate six domains in the parafascicular and ventromedial thalamic nuclei. Subsequently, we identify six parallel cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic subnetworks that sequentially transduce specific subsets of cortical information through every elemental node of the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic loop. Thalamic domains relay this output back to the originating corticostriatal neurons of each subnetwork in a bona fide closed loop.

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