scholarly journals Effect of visual cues in addition to moderate auditory cues on temporal coordination: A comparative study in humans and chimpanzees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lira Yu ◽  
Masaki Tomonaga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Visible Condition

AbstractOur previous studies reported that chimpanzees share an ability to produce spontaneous temporal coordination with humans (Yu & Tomonaga, 2015; 2016). However, it remains unclear how visual cues of an interacting partner’s movement influence on the emergence of tempo convergence. The current study conducted a comparative study in humans and chimpanzees under the same experimental setup as that used in Yu & Tomonaga (2016). Three conditions, including baseline, paired-invisible and paired-visible, were prepared. In the baseline condition, the participants produced the repetitive tapping movement alone. In contrast, in the other two paired conditions, the participants in a pair produced the tapping movement concurrently while facing a conspecific partner. However, in the paired-invisible condition, a visual barrier was placed in between the participants to control visual cues of an interacting partner’s movement. Moderate auditory cues, corresponding to each participant’s tapping movement, were presented throughout the conditions. Results showed that there are significant changes on the tapping tempo between baseline and the paired-invisible condition, whereas there are little changes between paired-invisible and paired-visible condition in both species. The current stepwise analysis across three conditions demonstrates that auditory cues were more influential than additive visual cues of an interacting partner’s movement on the tempo convergence in humans and chimpanzees.

scholarly journals Visual and auditory cues of assertions and questions in brazilian portuguese and Mexican Spanishy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Luma da Silva Miranda ◽  
Carolina Gomes da Silva ◽  
João Antônio de Moraes ◽  
Albert Rilliard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Language Varieties

The aim of this paper is to compare the multimodal production of questions in two different language varieties: Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish. Descriptions of the auditory and visual cues of two speech acts, assertions and questions, are presented based on Brazilian and Mexican corpora. The sentence “Como você sabe” was produced as an yes-no (echo) question and an assertion by ten speakers (five male) from Rio de Janeiro and the sentence “Apaga la tele” was produced as a yes-no question and an assertion by five speakers (three male) from Mexico City. The results show that, whereas the Brazilian Portuguese and Mexican Spanish assertions are produced with different F0 contours and different facial expressions, questions in both languages are produced with specific F0 contours but similar facial expressions. The outcome of this comparative study suggests that lowering the eyebrows, tightening the lid and wrinkling the nose can be considered question markers in both language varieties.

Comparative Study of Proactivators of the Fibrinolysin System in Three Mammalian Species

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Takada ◽  
A Takada ◽  
J. L Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Fibrin Plate

SummarySephadex gel filtration of human plasma gave results suggesting the presence of two proactivators of plasminogen, termed proactivators A and B.Activity resembling that of proactivator A was found in rabbit plasma, but not in guinea pig plasma.Plasminogen activators produced by the interaction of proactivator A of human plasma with streptokinase had no caseinolytic or TAMe esterolytic effect.Proactivator A can be separated in a form apparently free from plasminogen, as shown by the heated fibrin plate test and by immunological analysis. On the other hand, proactivator B concentrates prepared so far are contamined with plasminogen.Human proactivators appear to be far more susceptible to streptokinase than are rabbit proactivators.Inhibitors of the fibrinolysin system were observed in the plasmas of all 3 species. These inhibitors are not present in the euglobulin fraction of plasma. Sephadex fractionation of euglobulin fractions results in proactivator preparations that do not contain inhibitors.

Empire Loyalism and Nationalism in Ukraine and Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Taras Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Irish History ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Post Colonialism

This is the first comparative article to investigate commonalities in Ukrainian and Irish history, identity, and politics. The article analyzes the broader Ukrainian and Irish experience with Russia/Soviet Union in the first and Britain in the second instance, as well as the regional similarities in conflicts in the Donbas region of Eastern Ukraine and the six of the nine counties of Ulster that are Northern Ireland. The similarity in the Ukrainian and Irish experiences of treatment under Russian/Soviet and British rule is starker when we take into account the large differences in the sizes of their territories, populations, and economies. The five factors that are used for this comparative study include post-colonialism and the “Other,” religion, history and memory politics, language and identities, and attitudes toward Europe.

Liturgical Poetry in the Late Antique Near East

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophir Münz-Manor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
The One

The article presents a contemporary view of the study of piyyut, demonstrating that Jewish poetry of late antiquity (in Hebrew and Aramaic) was closely related to Christian liturgical poetry (both Syriac and Greek) and Samaritan liturgy. These relations were expressed primarily by common poetic and prosodic characteristics, derived on the one hand from ancient Semitic poetry (mainly biblical poetry), and on the other from innovations of the period. The significant connections of content between the different genres of poetry reveal the importance of comparative study. Thus the poetry composed in late antiquity provides additional evidence for the lively cultural dialogue that took place at that time.

The Role of Visual and Auditory Communication in the Performance of a Joint Team Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110310
Author(s):  
Adam F. Werner ◽  
Jamie C. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Multiple Resource Theory ◽  
Coupling Mode ◽  
Multiple Resource ◽  
Auditory Cueing ◽  
Performance Trial

Objective This study examines visual, auditory, and the combination of both (bimodal) coupling modes in the performance of a two-person perceptual-motor task, in which one person provides the perceptual inputs and the other the motor inputs. Background Parking a plane or landing a helicopter on a mountain top requires one person to provide motor inputs while another person provides perceptual inputs. Perceptual inputs are communicated either visually, auditorily, or through both cues. Methods One participant drove a remote-controlled car around an obstacle and through a target, while another participant provided auditory, visual, or bimodal cues for steering and acceleration. Difficulty was manipulated using target size. Performance (trial time, path variability), cue rate, and spatial ability were measured. Results Visual coupling outperformed auditory coupling. Bimodal performance was best in the most difficult task condition but also high in the easiest condition. Cue rate predicted performance in all coupling modes. Drivers with lower spatial ability required a faster auditory cue rate, whereas drivers with higher ability performed best with a lower rate. Conclusion Visual cues result in better performance when only one coupling mode is available. As predicted by multiple resource theory, when both cues are available, performance depends more on auditory cueing. In particular, drivers must be able to transform auditory cues into spatial actions. Application Spotters should be trained to provide an appropriate cue rate to match the spatial ability of the driver or pilot. Auditory cues can enhance visual communication when the interpersonal task is visual with spatial outputs.

Formation of contracts for the international sale of goods under Korean law and the CISG

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-223
Author(s):  
Byung Mun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the rules on the formation of contracts under Korean law and the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in a comparative way and introduce the relevant proposed rules under the Amendment Draft of the Korean Civil Code (KCC). In addition, it attempts to compare and evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve the purposes of the study, it executes a comparative study of the rules as to the formation of contracts of the CISG, Korean law and the Amendment Draft of the KCC. The basic question for this comparative study is placed on whether a solution from one jurisdiction is more logical than the others and to what extent each jurisdiction has responded to protect the reasonable expectations of the parties in the rules as to the formation of contracts. Findings The comparative study finds that most of the rules under the CISG are quite plausible and logical and they are more or less well reflected in the proposals advanced by the KCC amendment committee. On the other hand, the other rules under the CISG which have brought criticisms in terms of their complexity and inconsistent case law invite us their revision or consistent interpretation. The drawbacks of the CISG have also been well responded in the Amendment Draft of the KCC. Nevertheless, it is quite unfortunate that the Amendment Draft of the KCC still has a rule that regards any purported performance with non-material alteration of the terms of an offer as an acceptance. Originality/value This study may provide legal and practical advice to both the seller and the buyer when they enter into a contract for international sales of goods. In addition, it may render us an insight into newly developed or developing rules in this area and show us how they interact with each other. Furthermore, it may be particularly useful in Korea where there is an ongoing discussion for revision of the KCC.

On the Disruption of Visual Memory: Interference Produced by Visual Report Cues

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Merikle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Iconic Representation ◽  
Letter Target ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Level Of Processing

Report of single letters from centrally-fixated, seven-letter, target rows was probed by either auditory or visual cues. The target rows were presented for 100 ms, and the report cues were single digits which indicated the spatial location of a letter. In three separate experiments, report was always better with the auditory cues. The advantage for the auditory cues was maintained both when target rows were masked by a patterned stimulus and when the auditory cues were presented 500 ms later than comparable visual cues. The results indicate that visual cues produce modality-specific interference which operates at a level of processing beyond iconic representation.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ag Nanostructures: Molecular Simulations, Electrochemical Behavior, and Antibacterial Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar ◽  
Simón Yobanny Reyes-López ◽  
D. Larrañaga ◽  
R. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
The Other ◽  
E Coli

Nanoparticles of Ag with different sizes and structures were obtained and studied. Two methods for reductions of Ag ions were employed, chemical reduction by sodium borohydride and ethylene glycol. Cuboctahedral and icosahedral structures were obtained. Molecular simulations were carried out in order to evaluate the reactivity of both structures. On the other hand, the electrochemical activity and antibacterial effect (E. coli) of the cuboctahedral and icosahedral structures were measured experimentally. The results obtained by molecular simulation, cyclic voltammetry, and antibacterial effect were compared and discussed in this work.

A Comparative Study between Longitudinal and “T” Incisions for Dorsal Plating of the Distal Radius

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GANGOPADHYAY ◽  
G. PACKER
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dorsal Plate ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Dorsal Aspect ◽  
Dorsal Plating

A retrospective review of 24 patients with dorsal incisions for open reduction and internal fixation of Frykman VII/VIII distal radius fractures using a dorsal plate was performed. Half of them had a longitudinal incision while the other half had a T-shaped incision. No difference in the healing properties or wound morbidity could be demonstrated between the two groups. However, the T incision provided improved exposure of the distal radius and patient satisfaction with its cosmetic result was superior. The horizontal limb was well camouflaged within the transverse skin crease on the dorsal aspect of the wrist. The vertical limb did not extend into the dorsum of the hand and could, therefore, be hidden by appropriate clothing.

Concept of vayu in ayurved and yogshastra – a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr sunila h deo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Introduction and Background: Yogashastra and Ayurveda are two ancient Indian sciences that have evolved separately over millennia. Many masters have contributed to the growth and development of these sciences and they have produced seminal literature and body of knowledge in both these streams. The goals and objectives of these two sciences differ from each other and accordingly their approaches too differ from each other.  Both in Yogashastra and Ayurveda, the concept of Vayu has very important place. Current effort is undertaken from the viewpoint to unravel the complementary and contradictory aspects and explore the possibility of combining the concepts so as to evolve the holistic approach. Aim: To compare the concept of Vayu as described in Yogashastra and in Ayurveda. Discussion and Results: Yogashstra the concept of Vayus is aimed solely at attaining mastery over the bodily Vayus by following Yogic disciplines to attain Moksha or final emancipation of the soul from the unending cycle of birth and death. This puts the Yogic discussion of Vayus in the realm of highest spiritual practices with the ultimate conceivable goal of human life that can be taught only by the accomplished masters and eligible seekers who fulfil the strictest eligibility criteria stipulated by Yogic discipline. On the other hand in Ayurveda the concept of Vayus is from the perspective of knowing physiology and causes of various diseases and their treatment by means of various therapies and medicines. All these things are essentially corporeal in nature and do have worldly goals to achieve.

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