scholarly journals Intentional gestures predict complex sociality in wild chimpanzee

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ilona Roberts ◽  
Sam George Bradley Roberts

AbstractA key challenge for primates is coordinating behavior with conspecifics in large, complex social groups. Gestures play a key role in this process and chimpanzees show considerable flexibility communicating through single gestures, sequences of gestures interspersed with periods of response waiting (persistence) and rapid sequences where gestures are made in quick succession, too rapid for the response waiting to have occurred. Previous studies examined behavioral reactions to single gestures and sequences, but whether this complexity is associated with more complex sociality at the level of the dyad partner and the group as a whole is not well understood. We used social network analysis to examine how the production of single gestures and sequences of gestures was related to the duration of time spent in proximity and individual differences in proximity in wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Pairs of chimpanzees that spent a longer duration of time in proximity had higher rates of persistence, but not a higher rate of single gesture or rapid sequences. Central individuals in the social network received higher rates of persistence, but not rapid sequence or single gesture. Intentional gestural communication plays an important role in regulating social interactions in complex primate societies.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ilona Roberts ◽  
Sam George Bradley Roberts

AbstractKinship and demography affect social affiliation in many different contexts such as co-feeding, resting, travel, grooming, visual attention and proximity. Chimpanzees may coordinate these social interactions by using gestural communication to make signaller’s goal transparent to the recipient and also by increasing commitment of the recipient through including rewarding property in communication. The rewards of gesturing can be measured through the rates of displacement behaviour made in response to these gestures by the recipient. We tested hypothesis that gestural communication affects social affiliation after controlling for kinship and demography in wild, adult chimpanzees living in Budongo Forest, Uganda. We found that affiliative but not antagonistic gestures positively predicted social affiliation. Contexts differed in their association with gestures according to complexity and association with displacement behaviour. More complex, less intense gestures predicted mutual grooming, travel, visual attention whereas less complex, more intense gestures predicted unidirectional grooming. Mirroring these patterns, reduced displacement activity occurred in response to gestures associated with unidirectional grooming but not other contexts. We highlight that these tactical decisions that wild chimpanzees make in their use of gestural communication may be driven by complexity of social environment that influences effectiveness with which signalers can influence the recipient.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Mathieu Génois

AbstractDensification and sparsification of social networks are attributed to two fundamental mechanisms: a change in the population in the system, and/or a change in the chances that people in the system are connected. In theory, each of these mechanisms generates a distinctive type of densification scaling, but in reality both types are generally mixed. Here, we develop a Bayesian statistical method to identify the extent to which each of these mechanisms is at play at a given point in time, taking the mixed densification scaling as input. We apply the method to networks of face-to-face interactions of individuals and reveal that the main mechanism that causes densification and sparsification occasionally switches, the frequency of which depending on the social context. The proposed method uncovers an inherent regime-switching property of network dynamics, which will provide a new insight into the mechanics behind evolving social interactions.


2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12114-12119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Glowacki ◽  
Alexander Isakov ◽  
Richard W. Wrangham ◽  
Rose McDermott ◽  
James H. Fowler ◽  
...  

Intergroup violence is common among humans worldwide. To assess how within-group social dynamics contribute to risky, between-group conflict, we conducted a 3-y longitudinal study of the formation of raiding parties among the Nyangatom, a group of East African nomadic pastoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare. We also mapped the social network structure of potential male raiders. Here, we show that the initiation of raids depends on the presence of specific leaders who tend to participate in many raids, to have more friends, and to occupy more central positions in the network. However, despite the different structural position of raid leaders, raid participants are recruited from the whole population, not just from the direct friends of leaders. An individual’s decision to participate in a raid is strongly associated with the individual’s social network position in relation to other participants. Moreover, nonleaders have a larger total impact on raid participation than leaders, despite leaders’ greater connectivity. Thus, we find that leaders matter more for raid initiation than participant mobilization. Social networks may play a role in supporting risky collective action, amplify the emergence of raiding parties, and hence facilitate intergroup violence in small-scale societies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1756) ◽  
pp. 20170293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. F. Wascher ◽  
Ipek G. Kulahci ◽  
Ellis J. G. Langley ◽  
Rachael C. Shaw

The requirements of living in social groups, and forming and maintaining social relationships are hypothesized to be one of the major drivers behind the evolution of cognitive abilities. Most empirical studies investigating the relationships between sociality and cognition compare cognitive performance between species living in systems that differ in social complexity. In this review, we ask whether and how individuals benefit from cognitive skills in their social interactions. Cognitive abilities, such as perception, attention, learning, memory, and inhibitory control, aid in forming and maintaining social relationships. We investigate whether there is evidence that individual variation in these abilities influences individual variation in social relationships. We then consider the evolutionary consequences of the interaction between sociality and cognitive ability to address whether bi-directional relationships exist between the two, such that cognition can both shape and be shaped by social interactions and the social environment. In doing so, we suggest that social network analysis is emerging as a powerful tool that can be used to test for directional causal relationships between sociality and cognition. Overall, our review highlights the importance of investigating individual variation in cognition to understand how it shapes the patterns of social relationships. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.


2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO M. GLEISER ◽  
LEON DANON

Using a database of jazz recordings we study the collaboration network of jazz musicians. We define the network at two different levels. First we study the collaboration network between individuals, where two musicians are connected if they have played in the same band. Then we consider the collaboration between bands, where two bands are connected if they have a musician in common. The community structure analysis reveals that these constructions capture essential ingredients of the social interactions between jazz musicians. We observe correlations between recording locations, racial segregation and the community structure. A quantitative analysis of the community size distribution reveals a surprising similarity with an e-mail based social network recently studied.


Author(s):  
Лариса Сергеевна Бурлаченко

Рассматриваются понятия личного бренда, профессиональной идентичности, самоконструирования и трансляции образа себя в социальной сети. Проведён сравнительный анализ самопрезентации и построения блогерами личного бренда за рубежом и в России. Использован метод контент-анализа самопрезентации личного бренда бьюти- и фэшн-блогеров социальной сети Instagrаm, методологическая основа теории интеракционизма И. Гоффмана [2]. Было выявлено: для конструирования и укрепления образа «я» в представление «других» блогеры используют визуальные средства (фото/видео), а для расширения социальных взаимодействий блогеры используют технические возможности: Instagram-хэштеги, отметки пользователей и брендов. Исследование направлено на изучение личного бренда, профессиональной идентичности блогеров как новой профессиональной группы современного общества, а также позволяет сравнить способы самопрезентации личных брендов зарубежных и российских блогеров. The article discusses the concepts of personal brand, professional identity, self-construction and translation of self-image in a social network. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of self-presentation and the creation by bloggers of a personal brand abroad and in Russia. The method of content analysis of self-presentation of the personal brand of beauty and fashion bloggers of the social network Instagram was used, the methodological basis of I. Hoffman's theory of interactionism [2]. As a result, it was revealed that bloggers use visual means (photos / videos) to design and strengthen the image of «I» in the representation of «others», and to expand social interactions, they use the technical capabilities of Instagram - hashtags, user and brand marks. This study fills the gaps in the study of personal brand, professional identity of bloggers as a new professional group of modern society, and also allows to compare the ways of personal presentation of personal brand of foreign and Russian bloggers.


Author(s):  
Pedro Paniagua

Resumen: Las declaraciones efectuadas en los últimos años por los diputados del Partido Popular Pablo Casado y Rafael Hernando tratando de menospreciar, cuando no de insultar, a las víctimas del franquismo, han levantado ampollas en la red social Twitter. En el presente artículo vamos a tratar de estudiar estas declaraciones, sobre todo las vertidas en las redes a través de los medios de comunicación y las correspondientes reacciones que han suscitado entre los usuarios de esta red social. El tratamiento va a ser eminentemente periodístico y pretende abarcar dos grandes campos. El primero partiría del supuesto de que las afirmaciones de los diputados pudieran considerarse opinión, por lo que trataríamos de confirmar tal hipótesis mediante la comprobación de los enunciados propios de este tipo de periodismo y su relación con otro campo limítrofe como es la manipulación. En el segundo campo de análisis trataríamos de delimitar las palabras de los dos políticos de acuerdo a las reglas de la información e interpretación periodísticas con el objetivo de comprobar si la información contenida en ellas se ajusta a la realidad, y de si la posible interpretación se efectúa utilizando unos criterios de actuación objetivos, o por el  contrario no se respeta ninguno de los pasos lógicos que deben guiar todo proceso interpretativo periodístico que pretenda ajustarse a unos mínimos estándares éticos. Naturalmente, la opinión es libre, y desde este punto de vista, y descendiendo a los casos concretos, es perfectamente legítimo manifestar que las víctimas no merecen ninguna subvención. Otra cosa es verter afirmaciones enmascaradas bajo esa supuesta libertad de opinión. Por ejemplo diciendo que los descendientes de las víctimas solo se han movido cuando ha habido subvenciones.Palabras clave: Partido Popular, Pablo Casado, Rafael Hernando, Twitter.Abstract: The statements made in recent years by deputies of the Popular Party Pablo Casado and Rafael Hernando trying to belittle, if not insult, the victims of Francoism, have raised blisters on the social network Twitter. In the present article, we will try to study these statements, especially those expressed in the networks through the media and the corresponding reactions that have aroused among the users of this social network. The treatment will be eminently journalistic and aims to cover two large fields. The first one assumes that the statements of the deputies could be considered opinion, so we try to confirm this hypothesis by checking the statements of this type of journalism and its relationship with a boundary field such as manipulation. In the second field of analysis we would try to delimit the words of the two politicians according to the rules of journalistic information and interpretation in order to verify if the information contained in them is true and if the possible interpretation is It does so using objective criteria of performance, or on the contrary, it does not respect any of the logical steps that should guide any journalistic interpretive process that tries to conform to some minimum ethical standards. Naturally, opinion is free, and from this point of view, and descending to concrete cases, it is perfectly legitimate to state that the victims do not deserve any subsidy. It is another thing to shed masked claims under that supposed freedom of opinion. For example, the descendants of the victims have only moved when there have been subsidies.Keywords: Partido Popular, Pablo Casado, Rafael Hernando, Twitter.


2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1597) ◽  
pp. 1782-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Freeberg ◽  
Terry J. Ord ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar

The complex social worlds of many animal species may be linked to complex communicative systems in those species. We now have evidence in diverse taxa and in different communicative modalities suggesting that complexity in social groups can drive complexity in signalling systems. The aim of this theme issue is to develop the theory behind this link between social complexity and communicative complexity, and to provide an overview of the lines of research testing this link.


1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan H. de Ruiter ◽  
Johanna C. J. M. de Haes ◽  
Reike Tempelaar

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