scholarly journals An Evolutionarily Conserved piRNA-producing Locus Required for Male Mouse Fertility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Yu Fu ◽  
Katharine Cecchini ◽  
Deniz M. Özata ◽  
Amena Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Mouse ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
List Type ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Protein Mutants ◽  
Pirna Pathway

SUMMARYPachytene piRNAs, which comprise >80% of small RNAs in the adult mouse testis, have been proposed to bind and regulate target RNAs like miRNAs, cleave targets like siRNAs, or lack biological function altogether. Although piRNA pathway protein mutants are male sterile, no biological function has been identified for any mammalian piRNA-producing locus. Here, we report that males lacking piRNAs from a conserved mouse pachytene piRNA locus on chromosome 6 (pi6) produce sperm with defects in capacitation and egg fertilization. Moreover, heterozygous embryos sired bypi6−/−fathers show reduced viability in utero. Molecular analyses suggest thatpi6piRNAs repress gene expression by cleaving mRNAs encoding proteins required for sperm function.pi6also participates in a network of piRNA-piRNA precursor interactions that initiate piRNA production from a second piRNA locus on chromosome 10 as well aspi6itself. Our data establish a direct role for pachytene piRNAs in spermiogenesis and embryo viability.HighlightsNormal male mouse fertility and spermiogenesis require piRNAs from thepi6locusSperm capacitation and binding to the zona pellucida of the egg requirepi6piRNAsHeterozygous embryos sired bypi6−/−fathers show reduced viability in uteroDefects inpi6mutant sperm reflect changes in the abundance of specific mRNAs.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

HEMMUNG VON TESTOSTERONABHÄNGIGEN DIFFERENZIERUNGSVORGÄNGEN DER MÄNNLICHEN RATTE NACH DER GEBURT

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neumann ◽  
J. D. Hahn ◽  
M. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
List Type ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Neonatal Treatment ◽  
Triangular Shape

ABSTRACT Male newborn rats were injected with 2 mg of an antiandrogen (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione-17α-acetate = cyproterone acetate) daily from their 1st to their 14th day of life. The following effects of this treatment were observed in these animals after onset of sexual maturity: 84% of the animals are unable to reproduce. Penis: the frenulum is broadened to a lamina of triangular shape, which almost completely prevents the preputium from being pushed back. These males show a rather insufficient male sexual behaviour towards females in oestrus. After castration and ovar implantation, some of the treated animals show true corpora lutea and at attempts of cohabitation partially female sexual behaviour towards normal male animals. From these results it can be concluded, that differentiation of the penis is not completed at the time of birth. The infertility of the animals may be caused by the penile changes (difficulties with intromission) as well as by the aimless sexual behaviour. This aimless sexual behaviour, the ability to produce true corpora lutea and finally their partially female sexual attitude under the influence of the hormones from the implanted ovaries led to the conclusion, that the above described neonatal treatment apparently inhibited testosterone-depending post partum developments of sexual differentiation in hypothalamic centers.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Louis E. Bartoshesky ◽  
Hermine Pashayan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Congenital Heart Malformations ◽  
Male Karyotype ◽  
Heart Malformations

We would agree with both writers that there were certain features of the child described in our report that were not typical of the so-called fetal hydantoin syndrome, particularly the birth weight. It is certainly true that single case reports do nothing more than suggest possible associations between malformations and in utero exposure, but much information has been accumulated associating clefts and congenital heart malformations with phenytoin. The baby described had a normal male karyotype. Attempts were made to do karyotyping on tissue obtained at autopsy but were unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5-alpha reductase type-2 deficiency in a 20-month old boy

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Andhita ◽  
Wayan Bikin Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Male Pseudohermaphroditism ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Male Genital

5-alpha-reductase (5-ARD) type 2 deficiencyis an autosomal sex-linked disorder, resulting inthe inability to convert testosterone to the morephysiological active dihydrotestosterone (DHT).DHT is the most potent androgen, bound selec-tively to the androgen receptors in genital skin andfibroblasts, making its action necessary for the de-velopment of normal male genital anatomy. SinceDHT is required for normal masculinizaton of theexternal genitalia in utero, genetic males with 5-ARD are usually born with ambiguous genitalia(male pseudohermaphroditism). The hallmarkof 5-ARD is elevated ratio of serum testosteroneto DHT. In healthy prepubertal children, thebaseline testosterone-to-DHT ratio is 1:2. Thispaper reports a 20-month old patient with malepseudohermaphroditism due to 5-alpha reductasetype-2 deficiency.

STEM MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN ZEA MAYS AS INFLUENCED BY CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERDLITY AND RESTORER GENES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA SARVELLA ◽  
C. O. GROGAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Restorer Genes

The stem morphology of three versions (normal, male-sterile, and restored) of five lines of corn (Zea mays L.) was examined. Corn stems in both the male-sterile (Texas cytoplasm) and restored versions of line Mp466 were shorter than the normal version. Stem diameters were less in the male-sterile version in two of the five lines examined. Histological examination of the three versions in line CI21 showed that vascular bundle radial diameters in cross sections were less in the male-sterile tassel culms than the normal. Reduction in the amount of phloem appeared to be the cause. Cells in longitudinal sections appeared to be about the same length in all versions, or shorter in the normal; therefore, shortening of the male-sterile stems apparently results from a reduction in cell number.

Aggression-provoked huge release of submaxillary mouse renin to saliva

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bækkelund Pedersen ◽  
Knud Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Male Mouse ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Secretory Pattern

Abstract. In a normal male mouse, which had been kept isolated for some time, confrontation with another male mouse, resulted in aggressive behaviour, including fighting. The aggressive behaviour resulted in secretion of a few microlitre of saliva with vast renin concentration. The renin concentration in saliva reached values of 6000 Goldblatt units × ml−1, corresponding to 15 mg/ml of renin. This concentration is 6 orders of magnitude higher than normal plasma renin concentrations. The secretory pattern could be mimicked by ip injection of pharmacological doses (2–18 mg/kg) of the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. This is probably the first demonstration of a physiological secretion of renin to saliva which may be of importance since renin most likely is injected into the opponent or prey through bites.

scholarly journals RdDM pathway is required for Tobamovirus-induced symptomatology production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Leone ◽  
Diego Zavallo ◽  
Andrea Venturuzzi ◽  
Sebastián Asurmendi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
List Type ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Virus Interactions

SummarySmall RNAs (sRNA) are important molecules for gene regulation in plants and play an essential role in plant-pathogen interactions. Researchers have evaluated the relationship between viral infections as well as the endogenous accumulation of sRNAs and the transcriptional changes associated with the production of symptoms, little is known about a possible direct role of epigenetics, mediated by 24-nt sRNAs, in the induction of these symptoms.With the use of different RNA directed DNA methylation pathway mutants and triple demethylase mutants, here we demonstrate that the disruption of RdDM pathway during viral infection produced alterations in the plant transcriptomic changes (because of the infection) and in symptomatology.This study represents the initial step in exposing that DNA methylation directed by endogenous sRNAs has an important role, uncoupled to defense, in the production of symptoms associated with plant-virus interactions.Significance statementThe crop yield losses induced by phytoviruses are mainly associated with the symptoms of the disease. DNA modifications as methylation, can modulate the information coded by the sequence, process named epigenetics. Viral infection can change the expression patterns of different genes linked to defenses and symptoms. This work represents the initial step to expose the role of epigenetic process, in the production of symptoms associated with plants-virus interactions.

scholarly journals Label-free assessment of pre-implantation embryo quality by the Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM)-phasor approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Nabora Reyes de Mochel ◽  
Paula Duyen Anh Pham ◽  
Tae Yeon Yoo ◽  
Ken WY. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractDevelopment of quantitative, safe and rapid techniques for assessing embryo quality provides significant advances in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). We apply the phasor-FLIM method to capture endogenous fluorescent biomarkers of pre-implantation embryos as a non-morphological caliber for embryo quality. Here, we identify the developmental, or “D-trajectory”, that consists of fluorescence lifetime from different stages of mouse pre-implantation embryos. The D-trajectory correlates with intrinsic fluorescent species from a distinctive energy metabolism and oxidized lipids, as seen with Third Harmonic Generation (THG) that changes over time. In addition, we have defined an Embryo Viability Index (EVI) to distinguish pre-implantation embryo quality using the Distance Analysis, a machine learning algorithm to process the fluorescence lifetime distribution patterns. We show that the phasor-FLIM approach provides a much-needed non-invasive quantitative technology for identifying healthy embryos at the early compaction stage with 86% accuracy. This may increase embryo implantation success for in vitro fertilization clinics.HighlightsA label-free method of tracking metabolic trajectories during pre-implantation mouse embryo development.A non-invasive approach for assessing embryo quality and viability by a phasor-FLIM analysis.

scholarly journals What Is the Biological Function of Uric Acid? An Antioxidant for Neural Protection or a Biomarker for Cell Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dequan Liu ◽  
Yu Yun ◽  
Dechun Yang ◽  
Xinyu Hu ◽  
Xianxiang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Highly Correlated

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the biological function of uric acid. The level of uric acid in different organs in normal male rats was determined with uric acid assay kits, and the expression level of genes in the organs was determined by RNA quantitative sequencing. The correlation analysis between uric acid in the organs and gene expression (measured by FPKM value) was made. Serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with breast cancer or with breast benign tumor was assayed when the diagnosis was made, and SUA in patients with breast cancer was also assayed just after chemotherapy. There were 1937 mRNAs whose expression level significantly correlated with the level of uric acid, and most of which were associated with purine or nucleoside metabolism, cellular metabolism, cell cycles, and cell death pathways. Further analysis showed that the level of uric acid was highly correlated with cell death rather than cell viability. The level of SUA in patients with breast cancer was higher than that in patients with breast benign tumor, and the SUA increased after chemotherapy. All the results suggested that uric acid was mainly synthesized from local nucleosides degraded from dead cells, and uric acid could be an important biomarker for cell death rather than an antioxidant for neural protection.

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