scholarly journals Species-Specific Root Microbiota Dynamics in Response to Plant-Available Phosphorus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Bodenhausen ◽  
Vincent Somerville ◽  
Alessandro Desirò ◽  
Jean-Claude Walser ◽  
Lorenzo Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
List Type ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Root Microbiota

SummaryPhosphorus (P) is a limiting element for plant growth. Several root microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have the capacity to improve plant nutrition and their abundance is known to depend on P fertility. However, how complex root-associated bacterial and fungal communities respond to changes in P availability remains ill-defined.We manipulated the availability of soil P in pots and compared the root microbiota of non-mycorrhizal Arabidopsis with mycorrhizal Petunia plants. Root bacteria and fungi were profiled using ribosomal operon gene fragment sequencing, we searched for P sensitive microbes and tested whether a P sensitive core microbiome could be identified.Root microbiota composition varied substantially by P availability. A P sensitive core microbiome was not identified as different bacterial and fungal groups responded to low-P conditions in Arabidopsis and Petunia. P sensitive microbes included Mortierellomycotina in Arabidopsis, while these were AMF and their symbiotic endobacteria in Petunia. Of note, their P-dependent root colonization was reliably quantified by sequencing.The species-specific root microbiota dynamics suggest that Arabidopsis and Petunia evolved different microbial associations under the selection pressure of low P availability. This implies that the development of microbial products that improve P availability requires the consideration of host-species specificity.

scholarly journals Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on rice-herbivore interactions are soil-dependent

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Bernaola ◽  
Michael J. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Water

Abstract The effect of soil type on establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and their effects on plant growth and resistance to rice pests are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculation with AM fungi on rice plants in two different unsterilized field soils under greenhouse and field conditions in two consecutive years in Louisiana, United States. We tested whether inoculation with AM fungi in the two soils changed plant biomass, nutrient concentration, resistance to pests, and yields. Inoculation with a commercial formulation of AM fungi increased root colonization by fungi in all soils, regardless of soil P availability; it also increased densities of root-feeding rice water weevil larvae and growth of leaf-feeding fall armyworm larvae, but these effects were soil-dependent. Inoculation with AM fungi had no effect on N and P concentrations or rice yields. The effect on plant biomass was also soil-dependent. Our study provides evidence for the first time that inoculation with AM fungi can increase colonization of roots of rice plants, but the effects of colonization on resistance to pests and plant biomass appear to be soil dependent. Moreover, the increased susceptibility to pests of rice colonized by AM fungi does not appear to be related to nutrient concentrations.

scholarly journals Petunia- and Arabidopsis-Specific Root Microbiota Responses to Phosphate Supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Bodenhausen ◽  
Vincent Somerville ◽  
Alessandro Desirò ◽  
Jean-Claude Walser ◽  
Lorenzo Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Core Microbiota ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Root Microbiota

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting element for plant growth. Several root microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have the capacity to improve plant nutrition and their abundance is known to depend on P fertility. However, how complex root-associated bacterial and fungal communities respond to various levels of P supplementation remains ill-defined. Here we investigated the responses of the root-associated bacteria and fungi to varying levels of P supply using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing. We grew Petunia, which forms symbiosis with AMF, and the nonmycorrhizal model species Arabidopsis as a control in a soil that is limiting in plant-available P and we then supplemented the plants with complete fertilizer solutions that varied only in their phosphate concentrations. We searched for microbes, whose abundances varied by P fertilization, tested whether a core microbiota responding to the P treatments could be identified and asked whether bacterial and fungal co-occurrence patterns change in response to the varying P levels. Root microbiota composition varied substantially in response to the varying P application. A core microbiota was not identified as different bacterial and fungal groups responded to low-P conditions in Arabidopsis and Petunia. Microbes with P-dependent abundance patterns included Mortierellomycotina in Arabidopsis, while in Petunia, they included AMF and their symbiotic endobacteria. Of note, the P-dependent root colonization by AMF was reliably quantified by sequencing. The fact that the root microbiotas of the two plant species responded differently to low-P conditions suggests that plant species specificity would need to be considered for the eventual development of microbial products that improve plant P nutrition. [Formula: see text]Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Abundancia y riqueza de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares en cafetales del Soconusco, Chiapas, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bertolini ◽  
Noé Manuel Montaño ◽  
Eduardo Chimal Sánchez ◽  
Lucía Varela Fregoso ◽  
Jaime Gómez Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

In the Mexican economy, particularly in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, the cultivation of coffee generates significant inputs; however, coffee plants are susceptible to pests and diseases, so it is necessary to reinforce its production through sustainable management. In this study, we searched for the native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that could be used as biofertilizers in coffee cultivation. We collected 21 soil samples coming from seven coffee plantations (Coffea canephora) in the Soconusco region Chiapas, Mexico in November 2015. We isolated the spores of AMF by the wet sieving and decanting method to quantify their abundance, richness and composition of morphospecies, as well as their relationships with soil properties. A total of 20 morphospecies and five new records of AMF were obtained, and the most frequent genera were Acaulospora and Glomus. The Toluca and Victoria sites had higher morphospecies richness (17 spp. c/u) than San Agustín, November 20 and San Luis Nexapa (4-7 spp. c/u); while Providencia and Platanar sites recorded an intermediate richness and the highest values of spore abundance. The dissimilarity of Victoria and Toluca in its composition of AMF, respect to the other sites, was explained by the low concentration of PO4-3 in the soil. P availability, linked to soil acidity, is the factor that could be regulating the AMF communities in the soil of the rhizosphere of coffee trees at Soconusco. We consider that could have consortia of AMF specific for soil P-levels and acidity of coffee sites, i.e. Acaulospora and Glomus consortia, which are common into the environmental conditions of coffee plantations in México. Anyway, we need to examin deeply these strains to evaluate their compatibility and functionality before proposing them as native biofertilizers that promote the development and yield of coffee plantations in this tropical region of Mexico.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculum and Phosphorus Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) Plant

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Matej Vosnjak ◽  
Matevz Likar ◽  
Gregor Osterc
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of mycorrhizal inoculum in combination with different phosphorus treatments on growth and flowering parameters of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) plants was investigated in two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Plants of the cultivar ‘Silver and Gold’ were transplanted into pots either with added mycorrhizal inoculum or without inoculum and assigned to four phosphorus treatments. Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed by evaluating the frequency of colonization, intensity of colonization and density of fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles, coils and microsclerotia) in the roots. During the growing season, the content of plant available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed, and shoot length, number of shoots, number of inflorescences, number of flowers and flowering time were evaluated. Inoculated Ajania plants were successfully colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi. In the root segments, hyphae were mainly observed, as well as vesicles, coils, arbuscules and microsclerotia, but in lower density. The density of fungal structures did not differ among phosphorus treatments, but did differ between years, with a higher density of fungal structures in 2016. Mycorrhizal plants developed higher number of shoots in 2016, higher number of inflorescences, higher number of flowers, and they flowered longer compared to uninoculated plants.

scholarly journals Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate–Solubilizing Bacteria, and Silicon to P Uptake by Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Etesami ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals The Phosphate Inhibition Paradigm: Host and Fungal Genotypes Determine Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization and Responsiveness to Inoculation in Cassava With Increasing Phosphorus Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alexander Peña Venegas ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee ◽  
Moses Thuita ◽  
Deusdedit Peter Mlay ◽  
Cargele Masso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
P Supply

A vast majority of terrestrial plants are dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their nutrient acquisition. AMF act as an extension of the root system helping phosphate uptake. In agriculture, harnessing the symbiosis can potentially increase plant growth. Application of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis has been demonstrated to increase the yields of various crops. However, there is a paradigm that AMF colonization of roots, as well as the plant benefits afforded by inoculation with AMF, decreases with increasing phosphorus (P) supply in the soil. The paradigm suggests that when fertilized with sufficient P, inoculation of crops would not be beneficial. However, the majority of experiments demonstrating the paradigm were conducted in sterile conditions without a background AMF or soil microbial community. Interestingly, intraspecific variation in R. irregularis can greatly alter the yield of cassava even at a full application of the recommended P dose. Cassava is a globally important crop, feeding 800 million people worldwide, and a crop that is highly dependent on AMF for P uptake. In this study, field trials were conducted at three locations in Kenya and Tanzania using different AMF and cassava varieties under different P fertilization levels to test if the paradigm occurs in tropical field conditions. We found that AMF colonization and inoculation responsiveness of cassava does not always decrease with an increased P supply as expected by the paradigm. The obtained results demonstrate that maximizing the inoculation responsiveness of cassava is not necessarily only in conditions of low P availability, but that this is dependent on cassava and fungal genotypes. Thus, the modeling of plant symbiosis with AMF under different P levels in nature should be considered with caution.

scholarly journals Divergence in bidirectional plant-soil feedbacks between montane annual and coastal perennial ecotypes of yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah M. McIntosh ◽  
Lorinda Bullington ◽  
Ylva Lekberg ◽  
Lila Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
List Type ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Origin

SUMMARYUnderstanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying plant variation in interactions with root-associated biota (RAB) requires a micro-evolutionary approach. We use locally adapted montane annual and coastal perennial ecotypes of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower) to examine population-scale differences in plant-RAB-soil feedbacks.We characterized fungal communities for the two ecotypes in-situ and used a full-factorial greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of plant ecotype, RAB source, and soil origin on plant performance and endophytic root fungal communities.The two ecotypes harbored different fungal communities and responsiveness to soil biota was highly context-dependent. Soil origin, RAB source, and plant ecotype all affected the intensity of biotic feedbacks on plant performance. Feedbacks were primarily negative, and we saw little evidence of local adaptation to either soils or RAB. Both RAB source and soil origin significantly shaped fungal communities in roots of experimental plants. Further, the perennial ecotype was more colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than the montane ecotype, and preferentially recruited home AMF taxa.Our results suggest life history divergence and distinct edaphic habitats shape plant responsiveness to RAB and influence specific associations with potentially mutualistic root endophytic fungi. Our results advance the mechanistic study of intraspecific variation in plant–soil–RAB interactions.

scholarly journals Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
P Content ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scutellospora Calospora

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.

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