scholarly journals Beyond the vigilant state: globalisation and intelligence

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Globalising World ◽  
New Terrorism

AbstractThe world of intelligence has grown exponentially over the last decade. This article suggests that prevailing explanation of this expansion – the spectre of ‘new terrorism’ – reflects serious misunderstandings. Much of the emergency legislation which has extended the power of the state so remarkably was already sitting in the pending trays of officials in the late 1990s. Instead, the rise of both the ‘new terrorism’ and its supposed nemesis – the secret state – both owe more to long-term structural factors. Globalisation has accelerated a wide range of sub-military transnational threats, of which the ‘new terrorism’ is but one example. Meanwhile the long-promised engines of global governance are nowhere in sight. In their absence, the underside of a globalising world is increasingly policed by ‘vigilant states’ that resort to a mixture of military power and intelligence power in an attempt to address these problems. Yet the intelligence services cannot meet the improbable demands for omniscience made by governments, nor can they square their new enforcer role with vocal demands by global civil society for improved ethical practice.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation and transplantation of common carp spermatogonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Béla Urbányi ◽  
Michaela Fučíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Surrogate Production

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultured fish species over the world with many different breeds and plenty of published protocols for sperm cryopreservation, however, data regarding preservation of gonadal tissue and surrogate production is still missing. A protocol for freezing common carp spermatogonia was developed through varying different factors along a set of serial subsequent experiments. Among the six cryoprotectants tested, the best survival was achieved with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In the next experiment, a wide range of cooling rates (0.5–10 °C/min) and different concentrations of Me2SO were tested resulting in the highest survival using 2 M Me2SO and cooling rate of –1 Q59 A When testing different tissue sizes and incubation times in the cryomedium, the highest viability was observed when incubating 100 mg tissue fragments for 30 min. Finally, sugar supplementation did not yield significant differences. When testing different equilibration (ES) and vitrification solutions (VS) used for needle-immersed vitrification, no significant differences were observed between the tested groups. Additionally, varied exposure time to VS did not improve the vitrification outcome where the viability was 4-fold lower than that of freezing. The functionality of cryopreserved cells was tested by interspecific transplantation into sterilized goldfish recipients. The exogenous origin of the gonads in goldfish recipients was confirmed by molecular markers and incorporation rate was over 40% in both groups at 3 months post transplantation. Results of this study can serve as an alternative way for long-term preservation of germplasm in carp which can be recovered in a surrogate recipient.

scholarly journals Clinical case of acute hepatitis caused by parvovirus B 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
K. V. Sobolevskiy ◽  
I. A. Otmakhova ◽  
B. Ya. Gadirova ◽  
Zh. E. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Parvovirus B 19

Parvovirus infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. Parvovirus В19 can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations with possible long-term viral persistence. Infectious erythema, arthropathy, fetal infection, and blood cell aplasia are the most common manifestations of parvovirus infection. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a rare variant of parvovirus B19 infection that occurred as acute hepatitis is presented. 

Unpacking Indonesia's Cultural Diplomacy: Potentials and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
N. Viartasiwi ◽  
A. Trihartono ◽  
A.E Hara
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Cultural diplomacy is an influential element of soft power. The concept covers a wide range of activities that aim to promote national interests through strengthening relationships and enhancing sociocultural cooperation among countries. Cultural diplomacy is built upon the culture, identity, and values of the country. As government apparatuses often activate cultural diplomacy, it is civil society that plays the most prominent role. This study takes Indonesia`s diplomacy as a case study to highlight the importance of cultural diplomacy as a soft power instrument. The study seeks to identify the challenges in the creation of a grand narrative of Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy. Finally, the study argues that in the age of globalization in which the world is moving toward a global culture, Indonesia`s cultural diplomacy concept that is rotating around its unique culture, identity and values needs to be reassessed to not only contain unique Indonesian cultural products, but also contain the spirit of the culture, values, and traditions of the Indonesian people who have sustained the unity of Indonesia. Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy; Soft Power; Indonesia *

Modeling and Assessing the National Strength of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Valerii L. Makarov ◽  
◽  
Al’bert R. Bakhtizin ◽  
Nikolai I. Il’in ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
National Power ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Integral Indicator

The article analyzes the world experience of assessing national strength, which is the most informative and popular indicator characterizing the combined national security potential of a particular country, allowing to compare the level of its military power and socio-economic development with other countries. Modeling and evaluating the national strength indicator is extremely important for adjusting strategic documents related to the long-term development of a country, as well as to its foreign policy. In many countries, the national security indicator is assessed by narrow circle of experts or through averaged survey results from a wider range of respondents. The disadvantage of this approach lies in subjectivity, and eventually, in an unreliable estimate. The authors provide a scientifically based methodology for modeling and assessing national power. In forming the components of the national strength integral indicator, key target indicators are used, which are established in the strategic planning documents of Russia. It should be also noted that they contain indicators that are not used by foreign researchers (for example, indicators related to the territory, population, industrial production, energy resources and many others). Results of calculating the integral indicators of national strength, obtained through convolution using factor analysis of group indices, show that at the moment Russia is a world leader (at the level of 3-4 places among 193 countries — members of the UN).

scholarly journals Ageing in Asia: Beyond the Astana Declaration Towards Financing Long-term Care for All Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Hong Phua ◽  
Lee Gan Goh ◽  
Dina Sharipova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The World

The Astana Declaration on primary healthcare in 2018 was the attempt to revive the ideals of the World Health Organization (WHO) Alma-Ata Declaration 40 years later, together with a call for the political will to provide adequate financing at acceptable quality of care. This approach is taken to achieve the past ideals of Health for All, given the new challenges of universal health coverage. The economic case for primary healthcare is justified against the growing demand due in part to the growing costs of chronic conditions and the rise of ageing population, other than the supply-side factors of the healthcare industry. Past healthcare systems have evolved greater roles of the state versus the market, but few have involved the Third Sector or civil society in more integrated ways to provide and finance long-term care (LTC) with population ageing. From the extremes of the communist state to capitalist free markets, an optimal public-private system has to reach a balance in access, cost and quality for health and LTC. Recent studies of health and LTC have distilled newer developments in public-private mixes of provision, financing and regulation, in response to the needs of fast-ageing Asian societies. While Japan was the oldest country in the world, other countries in Asia have caught up and are now acknowledged where innovative models of integrated eldercare under economic limits, hold great promise of their transferability to the rest of ageing societies. Besides other forms of integrated LTC delivery with traditional systems, newer forms of financing like savings funds and superannuation have been developed, with participation from government, industry and civil society. There is much to learn from the new Asian models of financing, using appropriate technology and social innovations, and integrating health and social systems for LTC.

scholarly journals Effect of Microstructure and Relative Humidity on Strength and Creep of Gypsum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ramon ◽  
Chiara Caselle ◽  
Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto ◽  
Daniele Costanzo ◽  
Eduardo E. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
External Parameter ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Gypsum Rock ◽  
Additional Reduction ◽  
Sem Analyses

AbstractThe wide range of gypsum facies observed all over the world and the strong heterogeneity that may be present even within a single facies often cause an inhomogeneous mechanical response that, if neglected, may be particularly dangerous in the framework of underground excavations. In addition, gypsum is particularly sensible to the presence of water. The high relative humidity conditions often registered in underground gypsum quarries may imply an additional worsening of mechanical properties. In the present study, the strength and the creep response of a natural gypsum rock facies are investigated, considering the influence of material heterogeneity and relative humidity conditions. The heterogeneity of the material, quantified with MIP and SEM analyses, is observed to strongly affect the mechanical response. To this intrinsic mechanical variability, the influence of an external parameter as the relative humidity is observed to generate an additional reduction of material strength and to increase the creep strain rate in the long-term tests. The effect of all these elements in the underground quarry framework is discussed and a constitutive model of these experimental results is provided.

Some Generalizations about Generalization

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Chapanis
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Three fallacies about generalization are that so-called basic research is more generalizable than applied research, that general findings are immediately useful for design purposes, and that the use of taxonomies increases the generalizability of human factors studies. Some factors that limit generalizability are the use of unrepresentative subjects, insufficient training subjects receive before measurements are begun, inadequate sampling of tasks and situations, inappropriate selection of dependent variables, long-term changes in the world of work, and artifacts attributable to the measurement process itself In designing a study to predict behavior in a specific application, the guiding principle is similarity. The study should be as similar as possible to the real situation. Two principles should be followed to design studies whose findings can be extrapolated to a wide range of situations: (1) design heterogeneity into the studies and (2) replicate earlier studies with variations in subjects, variables, or procedures.

scholarly journals Studying the Study: Reflections on Exploring the Health and Disability Narratives of Long-Term Sickness Benefits Recipients in the UK

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Garthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Sickness Benefits ◽  
The Uk

Researching sensitive topics such as sickness and disability can encompass a wide range of demands that must be continually negotiated throughout the research process by both the researcher and research participants. Therefore, a studying the study approach is important when exploring the quality and ethical practice in qualitative research on sensitive issues with vulnerable populations. This becomes especially important within a UK context when considering the negative discourse surrounding the sickness benefits process in the UK. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with 25 long-term sick and disabled benefits recipients in the UK, the study sought to uncover the health and illness narratives of long-term sickness benefits recipients. Within the presentation of methods that were used, a discussion of the methods used in conducting a “study of the study” are considered, providing an illustration of how to do this and what to do with the results of such a reflective piece. The challenges of doing such research are outlined, and the need for a reflective process surrounding the research process is emphasised. Finally, the approach of studying the study is an example of an illustration of how to adopt this approach when considering qualitative research with hard to reach groups.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Long-term Care Programs Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan"

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Pamela Nadash
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Issues

The need for long-term care (LTC) represents a "new social risk," one that overlaps with and complements systems of care that pre-date such programs, complicating LTC program design. This commentary expands on Ikegami’s discussion of how these structural factors must be accommodated, as well as historical and cultural factors that influence public expectations of such a program. The commentary specifically focuses on the role of cash payments, caregiver benefits, and the sometimes indistinct line between LTC and health systems. The experiences of countries operating LTC program in a wide range of contexts can illuminate common challenges, as well as some potential solutions to these vexing design and operational issues.

scholarly journals Modeling and Assessment of National Power of Different Countries all over the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Valery Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
National Power ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting

The article continues the work on the assessment, monitoring and forecasting of national power integral indicators. National power is the most informative and popular indicator characterizing the total potential of a particular country, which allows comparing the level of its military power and socio-economic development with other countries. Modeling and assessment of the national power indicator is extremely important for adjusting strategic documents related to the country's long-term development, as well as its foreign policy. In many countries, the national security indicator is assessed by a narrow circle of experts or using the average results of surveys conducted with a wider number of respondents. Subjectivity is the disadvantage of this approach. In this paper, the authors provide a scientifically based methodology for modeling and assessing national power. The results of calculating the integral indicators of national power were obtained using the methods of multivariate static analysis. In conclusion we give a forecast of the indicator of national power until 2025 depending on the most likely scenario of world dynamics from our point of view.

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